Background: Scientific hypothesis generation is a critical step in scientific research that deter... more Background: Scientific hypothesis generation is a critical step in scientific research that determines the direction and impact of any investigation. Despite its vital role, we have limited knowledge of the process itself, thus hindering our ability to address some critical questions. Objective: This study aims to answer the following questions: To what extent can secondary data analytics tools facilitate the generation of scientific hypotheses during clinical research? Are the processes similar in developing clinical diagnoses during clinical practice and developing scientific hypotheses for clinical research projects? Furthermore, this study explores the process of scientific hypothesis generation in the context of clinical research. It was designed to compare the role of VIADS, a visual interactive analysis tool for filtering and summarizing large data sets coded with hierarchical terminologies, and the experience levels of study participants during the scientific hypothesis generation process. Methods: This manuscript introduces a study design. Experienced and inexperienced clinical researchers are being recruited since July 2021 to take part in this 2×2 factorial study, in which all participants use the same data sets during scientific hypothesis-generation sessions and follow predetermined scripts. The clinical researchers are separated into experienced or inexperienced groups based on predetermined criteria and are then randomly assigned into groups that use and do not use VIADS via block randomization. The study sessions, screen activities, and audio recordings of participants are captured. Participants use the think-aloud protocol during the study sessions. After each study session, every participant is given a follow-up survey, with participants using VIADS completing an additional modified System Usability Scale survey. A panel of clinical research experts will assess the scientific hypotheses generated by participants based on predeveloped metrics. All data will be anonymized, transcribed, aggregated, and analyzed. Results: Data collection for this study began in July 2021. Recruitment uses a brief online survey. The preliminary results showed that study participants can generate a few to over a dozen scientific hypotheses during a 2-hour study session, regardless of whether they use VIADS or other analytics tools. A metric to more accurately, comprehensively, and consistently assess scientific hypotheses within a clinical research context has been developed.
The book reports on the current state on HCI in biomedicine and health care, focusing on the role... more The book reports on the current state on HCI in biomedicine and health care, focusing on the role of human factors, patient safety well as methodological underpinnings of HCI theories and its application for biomedical informatics. Theories, models and frameworks for human-computer interaction (HCI) have been recognized as key contributors for the design, development and use of computer-based systems. In the clinical domain, key themes that litter the research landscape of health information technology (HIT) are usability, decision support and clinical workflow all of which are affected directly or indirectly by the nature of HCI. While the implications of HCI principles for the design of HIT are acknowledged, the adoption of the tools and techniques among clinicians, informatics researchers and developers of HIT are limited. There is a general consensus that HIT has not realized its potential as a tool to facilitate clinical decision-making, the coordination of care and improves patient safety. Embracing sound principles of iterative design can yield significant dividends. It can also enhance practitioners abilities to meet meaningful use requirements. The purpose of the book is two-fold: to address key gaps on the applicability of theories, models and evaluation frameworks of HCI and human factors for research in biomedical informatics. It highlights the state of the art, drawing from the current research in HCI. Second, it also serves as a graduate level textbook highlighting key topics in HCI relevant for biomedical informatics, computer science and social science students working in the healthcare domain. For instructional purposes, the book provides additional information and a set of questions for interactive class discussion for each section. The purpose of these questions is to encourage students to apply the learned concepts to real world healthcare problems.
The study of medical expertise has been the subject of research since about the mid-1970s. The ap... more The study of medical expertise has been the subject of research since about the mid-1970s. The approach has drawn extensively on cognitive methods of protocol analysis, but has also appropriated methods and theories from the study of memory, language comprehension, visual perception, and human–computer interaction. Medicine is a knowledge-rich and ill-structured domain that provides a rich vehicle for studies of complex cognition. It is a highly stratified discipline and we can chart progressions of expertise from the novice medical student to the seasoned board certified medical specialist. It is also a well-differentiated field with substantial specialization and distinct bodies of knowledge. There are two broad categories of research in the study of medical cognition, research targeted at characterizing the structure and use of basic science knowledge and research investigating the process of clinical reasoning. The studies range from experimental tasks representative of medical practice to studies of real-time decision making in high velocity medical environments. This article is concerned with the characterization of medical expertise and its development. Specifically, the chapter discusses research, theories and methods pertaining to the study of comprehension of biomedical concepts, clinical reasoning, and decision making.
Critical Care Medicine www.ccmjournal.org 163 12. Chicotka S, Rosenzweig EB, Brodie D, et al: The... more Critical Care Medicine www.ccmjournal.org 163 12. Chicotka S, Rosenzweig EB, Brodie D, et al: The “central sport model”: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation using the innominate artery for smaller patients as bridge to lung transplantation. ASAIO J 2017; 63:e39–e44 13. Ranney DN, Benrashid E, Meza JM, et al: Central cannulation as a viable alternative to peripheral cannulation in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017; 29:188–195 14. Hodgson CL, Stiller K, Needham DM, et al: Expert consensus and recommendations on safety criteria for active mobilization of mechanically ventilated critically ill adults. Crit Care 2014; 18:658 15. Turner DA, Cheifetz IM, Rehder KJ, et al: Active rehabilitation and physical therapy during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation while awaiting lung transplantation: A practical approach. Crit Care Med 2011; 39:2593–2598
The past few decades have produced a cumulative body of experiential and practical knowledge abou... more The past few decades have produced a cumulative body of experiential and practical knowledge about user experience, adoption and implementation to guide future design work. However, knowledge solely based on practical experience or empirical studies are not adequate to account for the immense variety of health information technologies and the rich array of contexts that constitute the practice of medicine. Theoretical knowledge is needed to develop a more complete understanding of the user experience as well as to produce robust generalizations and sound design principles. In this chapter, we describe theories of cognition in the context of human-computer interaction (HCI) in healthcare domains. In the first sections, we review the family of theories subsumed by information-processing approach. The subsequent sections focus on theories of external cognition and distributed cognition, which greatly expand the focus of HCI framework for healthcare contexts. This chapter also examines related research investigations and draws implications for the science of HCI and foundations of design. Although cognitive theory cannot provide all of the needed insights, it remains a powerful tool for advancing knowledge and furthering the pursuit of science.
Sexual decision-making in young adults continues to present challenges for public health and soci... more Sexual decision-making in young adults continues to present challenges for public health and social science researchers more than three decades after the first HIV epidemic. The objective of this chapter is to identify relevant social and cognitive factors that may influence decision-making about risky sexual behavior in young adults. More specifically, the chapter focuses on our research on sexual decision-making among heterosexual urban college students in a high-risk HIV/AIDS community. Participants completed two weeks of daily sexual encounter diaries, followed by in-depth interviews. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyze the data. Results showed that participants’ decisions about the use of condoms varied by particular social factors, such as partner influence and condom use attitudes; and cognitive factors, such as perceptions of relationship status and HIV/STD risk assessment. Participants’ justification of their behavior differentiated higher- from l...
Background: Scientific hypothesis generation is a critical step in scientific research that deter... more Background: Scientific hypothesis generation is a critical step in scientific research that determines the direction and impact of any investigation. Despite its vital role, we have limited knowledge of the process itself, thus hindering our ability to address some critical questions. Objective: This study aims to answer the following questions: To what extent can secondary data analytics tools facilitate the generation of scientific hypotheses during clinical research? Are the processes similar in developing clinical diagnoses during clinical practice and developing scientific hypotheses for clinical research projects? Furthermore, this study explores the process of scientific hypothesis generation in the context of clinical research. It was designed to compare the role of VIADS, a visual interactive analysis tool for filtering and summarizing large data sets coded with hierarchical terminologies, and the experience levels of study participants during the scientific hypothesis generation process. Methods: This manuscript introduces a study design. Experienced and inexperienced clinical researchers are being recruited since July 2021 to take part in this 2×2 factorial study, in which all participants use the same data sets during scientific hypothesis-generation sessions and follow predetermined scripts. The clinical researchers are separated into experienced or inexperienced groups based on predetermined criteria and are then randomly assigned into groups that use and do not use VIADS via block randomization. The study sessions, screen activities, and audio recordings of participants are captured. Participants use the think-aloud protocol during the study sessions. After each study session, every participant is given a follow-up survey, with participants using VIADS completing an additional modified System Usability Scale survey. A panel of clinical research experts will assess the scientific hypotheses generated by participants based on predeveloped metrics. All data will be anonymized, transcribed, aggregated, and analyzed. Results: Data collection for this study began in July 2021. Recruitment uses a brief online survey. The preliminary results showed that study participants can generate a few to over a dozen scientific hypotheses during a 2-hour study session, regardless of whether they use VIADS or other analytics tools. A metric to more accurately, comprehensively, and consistently assess scientific hypotheses within a clinical research context has been developed.
The book reports on the current state on HCI in biomedicine and health care, focusing on the role... more The book reports on the current state on HCI in biomedicine and health care, focusing on the role of human factors, patient safety well as methodological underpinnings of HCI theories and its application for biomedical informatics. Theories, models and frameworks for human-computer interaction (HCI) have been recognized as key contributors for the design, development and use of computer-based systems. In the clinical domain, key themes that litter the research landscape of health information technology (HIT) are usability, decision support and clinical workflow all of which are affected directly or indirectly by the nature of HCI. While the implications of HCI principles for the design of HIT are acknowledged, the adoption of the tools and techniques among clinicians, informatics researchers and developers of HIT are limited. There is a general consensus that HIT has not realized its potential as a tool to facilitate clinical decision-making, the coordination of care and improves patient safety. Embracing sound principles of iterative design can yield significant dividends. It can also enhance practitioners abilities to meet meaningful use requirements. The purpose of the book is two-fold: to address key gaps on the applicability of theories, models and evaluation frameworks of HCI and human factors for research in biomedical informatics. It highlights the state of the art, drawing from the current research in HCI. Second, it also serves as a graduate level textbook highlighting key topics in HCI relevant for biomedical informatics, computer science and social science students working in the healthcare domain. For instructional purposes, the book provides additional information and a set of questions for interactive class discussion for each section. The purpose of these questions is to encourage students to apply the learned concepts to real world healthcare problems.
The study of medical expertise has been the subject of research since about the mid-1970s. The ap... more The study of medical expertise has been the subject of research since about the mid-1970s. The approach has drawn extensively on cognitive methods of protocol analysis, but has also appropriated methods and theories from the study of memory, language comprehension, visual perception, and human–computer interaction. Medicine is a knowledge-rich and ill-structured domain that provides a rich vehicle for studies of complex cognition. It is a highly stratified discipline and we can chart progressions of expertise from the novice medical student to the seasoned board certified medical specialist. It is also a well-differentiated field with substantial specialization and distinct bodies of knowledge. There are two broad categories of research in the study of medical cognition, research targeted at characterizing the structure and use of basic science knowledge and research investigating the process of clinical reasoning. The studies range from experimental tasks representative of medical practice to studies of real-time decision making in high velocity medical environments. This article is concerned with the characterization of medical expertise and its development. Specifically, the chapter discusses research, theories and methods pertaining to the study of comprehension of biomedical concepts, clinical reasoning, and decision making.
Critical Care Medicine www.ccmjournal.org 163 12. Chicotka S, Rosenzweig EB, Brodie D, et al: The... more Critical Care Medicine www.ccmjournal.org 163 12. Chicotka S, Rosenzweig EB, Brodie D, et al: The “central sport model”: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation using the innominate artery for smaller patients as bridge to lung transplantation. ASAIO J 2017; 63:e39–e44 13. Ranney DN, Benrashid E, Meza JM, et al: Central cannulation as a viable alternative to peripheral cannulation in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017; 29:188–195 14. Hodgson CL, Stiller K, Needham DM, et al: Expert consensus and recommendations on safety criteria for active mobilization of mechanically ventilated critically ill adults. Crit Care 2014; 18:658 15. Turner DA, Cheifetz IM, Rehder KJ, et al: Active rehabilitation and physical therapy during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation while awaiting lung transplantation: A practical approach. Crit Care Med 2011; 39:2593–2598
The past few decades have produced a cumulative body of experiential and practical knowledge abou... more The past few decades have produced a cumulative body of experiential and practical knowledge about user experience, adoption and implementation to guide future design work. However, knowledge solely based on practical experience or empirical studies are not adequate to account for the immense variety of health information technologies and the rich array of contexts that constitute the practice of medicine. Theoretical knowledge is needed to develop a more complete understanding of the user experience as well as to produce robust generalizations and sound design principles. In this chapter, we describe theories of cognition in the context of human-computer interaction (HCI) in healthcare domains. In the first sections, we review the family of theories subsumed by information-processing approach. The subsequent sections focus on theories of external cognition and distributed cognition, which greatly expand the focus of HCI framework for healthcare contexts. This chapter also examines related research investigations and draws implications for the science of HCI and foundations of design. Although cognitive theory cannot provide all of the needed insights, it remains a powerful tool for advancing knowledge and furthering the pursuit of science.
Sexual decision-making in young adults continues to present challenges for public health and soci... more Sexual decision-making in young adults continues to present challenges for public health and social science researchers more than three decades after the first HIV epidemic. The objective of this chapter is to identify relevant social and cognitive factors that may influence decision-making about risky sexual behavior in young adults. More specifically, the chapter focuses on our research on sexual decision-making among heterosexual urban college students in a high-risk HIV/AIDS community. Participants completed two weeks of daily sexual encounter diaries, followed by in-depth interviews. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyze the data. Results showed that participants’ decisions about the use of condoms varied by particular social factors, such as partner influence and condom use attitudes; and cognitive factors, such as perceptions of relationship status and HIV/STD risk assessment. Participants’ justification of their behavior differentiated higher- from l...
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Papers by Vimla Patel