The International Journal of Literary Humanities, 2014
Daniel Defoe’s narratives have been discussed in a variety of ways. Walter Allen called Moll Flan... more Daniel Defoe’s narratives have been discussed in a variety of ways. Walter Allen called Moll Flanders (1722) “a sociological novel dealing with the making of a criminal” (Watt 1993, 42). Ian Watt, on the other hand, calls it “a characteristic product of modern individualism in assuming that she owes it to herself to achieve the highest social and economic rewards” (Watt 94). Elsewhere, he categorizes her as an “economic individual” (Watt 1993, 94). She is also discussed as a “social climber” (Gonzalez 2002, 169) and as an embodiment of “the explosion in the literary representation of criminals during the early eighteenth century, and particularly during the 1720s” (Gonzalez 2002, 167). Moll Flanders has also been discussed as a character pursuing untrodden lands of the newly discovered America (Vania 1998). The connotations of the word Moll have also been explored in some studies. This study assimilates the peculiarities of narration as sought and experimented by Defoe through the single character of Moll Flanders. As a result, in the genre of 18th century fiction, it adds an impetus to criticism provided on this genre by one of the pioneering books, Rise of the Novel (1957) by Ian Watt. The following study is not only an endeavor to explore Ian Watt’s critique, but it also explores the peculiarities and distinct features regarding this novel’s polyphonic aspects. The genre of novel was at its infancy in the beginning of the eighteenth century and this study brings out the polyphony in the narrative as expressed by Defoe. It further probes as to where this narrative leads, especially for the reader or the receiver; what inferences are to be drawn from it in the contemporary world; how to recapitulate the course of one’s life; and whether to capitulate or not the precious jewels of our lives. It also analyzes different choices one has to make and explores the reasons why it is a terrible thing to live in fear. This study, therefore, traces the polyphonic or dialogical text and discusses the final contemplation as to whether it was societal pressures or inner demons of the character of Moll Flanders that surged in the peculiar narrative.
University of Chitral Journal of Linguistics and Literature, 2019
In this age of techno globalization “contemporary artists, poets, and musicians [are] making imag... more In this age of techno globalization “contemporary artists, poets, and musicians [are] making imaginative use of algorithms to generate new works and taking advantage of communications networks to craft cyber textual projects or works in cross-media formats” (Burdick). It is one of these cyber textual projects and a cross media format that this article takes as case study to explore. Titled “New World Order: Basra” by Sandy Baldwin, this cyber textual project integrates, apparently, two very different genres of expression, i.e. a poem and a typical game of shooting and hunting. The visual analysis of the electronic digital narrative titled “New World Order: Basra” by Sandy Baldwin entails different steps for this visual analysis namely: composition interpretation, Semiology and Discourse Analysis, discussed here shortly.
The relevance of undertaking a historiographic analysis in the context of historically disputed t... more The relevance of undertaking a historiographic analysis in the context of historically disputed territory of Indian Occupied Jammu and Kashmir (IOJ&K) cannot be denied in the wake of revocation of Article 370 and 35A by India on August 5, 2019. This arbitrary decision has opened a recurring dimension of the dispute, which needs to be addressed in a wider perspective. This paper, therefore, calls for environmental justice or eco–postcolonial ethic for IOJ&K —- a perspective, which is important by virtue of its definition only. Eco–postcolonial ethic, defined as a standpoint that brings forth the need to understand the expression of resistance against the oppression of colonizing powers in this postcolonial age, can be one possible way of determining a future course of action vis–a–vis Kashmir dispute. While the context of studying Kashmir in an Indian Pakistani conflict holds its own importance, shifting some frames of reference that incorporate the eco–postcolonial ethic of Kashmir,...
The International Journal of Literary Humanities, 2014
Daniel Defoe’s narratives have been discussed in a variety of ways. Walter Allen called Moll Flan... more Daniel Defoe’s narratives have been discussed in a variety of ways. Walter Allen called Moll Flanders (1722) “a sociological novel dealing with the making of a criminal” (Watt 1993, 42). Ian Watt, on the other hand, calls it “a characteristic product of modern individualism in assuming that she owes it to herself to achieve the highest social and economic rewards” (Watt 94). Elsewhere, he categorizes her as an “economic individual” (Watt 1993, 94). She is also discussed as a “social climber” (Gonzalez 2002, 169) and as an embodiment of “the explosion in the literary representation of criminals during the early eighteenth century, and particularly during the 1720s” (Gonzalez 2002, 167). Moll Flanders has also been discussed as a character pursuing untrodden lands of the newly discovered America (Vania 1998). The connotations of the word Moll have also been explored in some studies. This study assimilates the peculiarities of narration as sought and experimented by Defoe through the single character of Moll Flanders. As a result, in the genre of 18th century fiction, it adds an impetus to criticism provided on this genre by one of the pioneering books, Rise of the Novel (1957) by Ian Watt. The following study is not only an endeavor to explore Ian Watt’s critique, but it also explores the peculiarities and distinct features regarding this novel’s polyphonic aspects. The genre of novel was at its infancy in the beginning of the eighteenth century and this study brings out the polyphony in the narrative as expressed by Defoe. It further probes as to where this narrative leads, especially for the reader or the receiver; what inferences are to be drawn from it in the contemporary world; how to recapitulate the course of one’s life; and whether to capitulate or not the precious jewels of our lives. It also analyzes different choices one has to make and explores the reasons why it is a terrible thing to live in fear. This study, therefore, traces the polyphonic or dialogical text and discusses the final contemplation as to whether it was societal pressures or inner demons of the character of Moll Flanders that surged in the peculiar narrative.
The identity issues experienced in a post 9/11 novelby Ali Sethi have a slightly different comple... more The identity issues experienced in a post 9/11 novelby Ali Sethi have a slightly different complexion from most of the contemporary novels focusing on these themes.1 A great many, (mostly Pakistani novels) addressing these issues are set against the American background, while only some, take up this issue of identity and impact of 9/11 against the ethnic backdrop of Pakistan; a setting of The Wish Maker (2009), in which some important facets of Pakistani society/ psyche are explored. Disregarding the disparaging connotations2 of considering Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, and Homi K Bhabha as the “Holy Trinity,” Robert Young observes that though there are many things overlapping in their theories as both Spivak and Bhabha have drawn from Said‟s Orientalism, yet they cannot be taken as similar (Young, 1995, pp. 154, 163). Said, in turn is influenced by Michel Foucault‟s New Historicism.3 The text of the novel under study helps invoking selective features of Foucauldian New Historicism with special emphasis on the factors contributing for hegemony, and aspects of Bhabha‟s hybridity theory. Hegemony, New Historicism, and Hybridization, the main concerns of the present century‟s global and Anglophonic literature, become the major aspects of exploration for this paper about The Wish Maker (2009) by Ali Sethi
In the saga of feminist history, the dawn of third decade of the present millennium is at such a ... more In the saga of feminist history, the dawn of third decade of the present millennium is at such a juncture that it is questioning a surrogate representation of feminism. Some critics problematize the phenomenon of feminist representation and are of the opinion that truth is being displaced by certainty as displayed in ideas, pictures, and representations. Studying the progression of such representations and portrayal of feminism resulting mostly in a noise and obscenity traversing the phenomenon of an unwomanly woman this paper foregrounds the importance of actual women’s rights. Making use some oracular ideas of Suleri suggesting the need for alternative answers, this paper argues that sloganeering of iconoclastic and idiosyncratic typecasting of feminism need not be imposed on such a colossal scale across academic, polemic, and cultural platforms. Presenting this pervasive issue of feminism, womanism, and women’s rights in the light of alternate modes of understanding, this paper investigates the importance and relevance of revisiting the injunctions of our religious text and Iqbal’s feminist philosophy.
At the dawn of the third decade of the present millennium we are at such a juncture in the saga o... more At the dawn of the third decade of the present millennium we are at such a juncture in the saga of feminist history that allows us to question a surrogate representation of feminism. Problematizing the phenomenon of feminist representation, some critics are of the opinion that truth is being displaced by certainty and is no longer sought in relation to the world, but is located in Cartesian entities like ideas, pictures, and representations. Tracing the progression of its exemplifications in Cartesian illustrations, this paper explores different aspects of this representation and studies the metamorphosis of feminist movement in the present times. It also studies the portrayal of feminism resulting mostly in a boo ha-ha, a noise and obscenity straddling more with an unwomanly woman rather than its focus upon the actual women’s rights. This study explores the rhetoric of academics, social and cultural critics, and literary voices, mostly from the present millennium contending this trend. However, this research paper also adapts some oracular ideas of critics like Sara Suleri’s essay written in the last part of the twentieth century. Though not strictly in the paradigm of feminist discourses, Suleri emphasizes on the need for alternative answers. This paper argues that sloganeering of iconoclastic and idiosyncratic typecasting of feminism need not be imposed on such a colossal scale across academic, polemic, and cultural platforms. They should not be considered the alpha and omega of understanding the whole situation. Consequently, lightly adopting the theoretical lens of Suleri’s essay, this paper presents this pervasive issue of feminism, womanism, and women’s rights in the light of plurality of solutions; one of them being the importance relevance and revisiting the injunctions of our religious text.
Contemporary Challenges of Digital World and Cyber Crime and Management Solutions in the light of Cyber Crime Bill 2016 of Pakistan and Islamic Management Perspective, 2021
A computer and a network are all that is needed for any criminal activity of cybercrime. A vigoro... more A computer and a network are all that is needed for any criminal activity of cybercrime. A vigorous cybercrime legislation has, therefore, become a necessity in today’s digital age. Many nation-states take great measures to draft the inclusive laws regarding this legislation. The government of Pakistan is also working hard to amend the present laws which pursue to make sure the regulation with regards to the cyber security. Digital technology has many advantages but also has a dark side. Unfortunately, its dark side is paid much heed to which does not sit well with any code of ethics. The existence of Islam in the cyber world has created an opportunity for dialogue besides forming a new method of learning for mental and physical health The Electronic Transactions Ordinance ETO 2002 in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan forbade the illegitimate and unauthorized accessibility towards the information. It preceded the declaration of Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act PECA 2016. The Act lays down the laws for cyber- terrorist crimes which are conducted with the intent of committing terrorism. The penalty for this offense is based on the 14-year term of custody or a charge of Rs 5 million, which makes up to US $47,450. Understanding the Islamic perspective in this regard can be helpful for the betterment of the lives. Islam strictly forbids a spread of fake news through news sourcing which has increasingly become rampant in today’s cyber world which can lead towards malpractices. Thus, this research aims at sharing all the contemporary challenges with regards to the cybercrimes and possible solutions in the light of constitution in Pakistan.
Pakistan Journal of Women's Studies: Alam-e-Niswan
The schism created between man and woman in recent times of some past centuries has generated cri... more The schism created between man and woman in recent times of some past centuries has generated critical debates in different social frameworks. In Pakistan’s context, the recently passed bill for women’s protection has garnered a debate about certain structured gender roles that need be addressed to alleviate the sexual polarization that has ensued. While some religious factions have their apparently patriarchal concerns to resolve the perpetration of anti-patriarchal discourse that this bill seemingly initiates, this paper explores the manifestations of very pertinent anti-feminist concerns that this bill ensconces in its text, the discussion of which is mandatory for the peace and stability of this society. Drawing interstitially from Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s concept of the subaltern in a postcolonial context, the questioning of the parochial double-bound concept of post-coloniality and womanhood by Sara Suleri, and the legacy of Islamic feminism are three possible modes of add...
This paper explores the lives of the Native American Indians, a people, who have been put under e... more This paper explores the lives of the Native American Indians, a people, who have been put under erasure, for almost, the last five centuries. It studies some of their core issues and the world they live in, as portrayed in their historical, fictional, and non-fictional literary writings of the twentieth and the contemporary century. This critical mass of literature covers almost all the Anishinaabe or Anishinaabeg tribes of Native American descent coming from all across America and parts of Canada who were dislocated from their lands. One of the main cause of this dislocation was the, now well documented, greed and lust exhibited by the white man. This study also questions the subsequent stereotypical depiction of a dead Indian entity who was endeared to the public and branded as “‘Vanishing Americans’ [as] most people believed that the tribes had largely been exterminated” (Vine Deloria, God is Red 1973, 2003, 1). On the contrary, this exploration foregrounds the importance of the literature which depicts a living Native American identity, something emphasized by writers like Suzanne Evertsen Lundquist in her book, Native American Literatures: An Introduction (2005). In order to establish the need for the Native Americans to remove the influence of colonial authority when it comes to developing a sense of their own literary values and aesthetics, critics like Lundquist believe that the views of the tribes deserve individual recognition (Lundquist 2005, 291). This study, therefore, is an endeavor to define, record, and narrate the native experiences and voices of the original inhabitants of this land, rather than being represented by non-native exemplifications.
This paper explores the contribution of Pakistani Anglophone novel in the first decade of the twe... more This paper explores the contribution of Pakistani Anglophone novel in the first decade of the twenty first century in the discourses of cultural and postcolonial critique of contemporary fiction. Taking V. S. Naipal"s The House of Mr. Biswas as an example, Bhabha warns about the pitfalls of reading a postcolonial text in socially and historically mimetic perspectives, and takes issues with the reabsorption of such works in the English tradition ii. In the same vein, I explore four novels by Pakistan"s diasporic writers of the first decade of the present century. In an earlier study iii , The Reluctant Fundamentalist (2007) by Mohsin Hamid, Home Boy (2010) by H. M. Naqvi, Burnt Shadows (2009) by Kamila Shamsie, and The Wish Maker (2009) by Ali Sethi are read as defining post 9/11 texts for South Asian literature. In this paper, I argue that these works challenge the centrality of Eurocentric literary parameters in terms of linguistic, cultural and capitalistic terms. Their narratives engage in a sort of contrapuntal denunciation of cultural, and capitalistic hegemony, which, Foucault terms as "truth games" or matrix of "technologies" iv. With the theoretical framework comprising of Foucault"s theory of New Historicism and Bhabha"s Hybridity theory, this paper traces the third space of enunciation as crafted by these Pakistani diasporic writers.
An extensive comparative study between the two
seers, Emerson and Iqbal brings forth many
similar... more An extensive comparative study between the two seers, Emerson and Iqbal brings forth many similarities. This paper adds to the corpus of comparative study between Iqbal and western philosophy and an unexplored dimension is also studied in this paper. Drawing on their similarities, this paper traces the concept of self-reliance as proposed by the father of Transcendentalism, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and the dimensions of the self or ‘Khudi’ as developed by the poet philosopher, Allama Mohammad Iqbal. The critique in this paper strengthens upon the processes of Emerson’s spiritual insight coming from the readings in eastern religions, and building his vision upon the reconstruction of reliance on oneself with the convictions of selfhood, self-actualization, and selfrealization; which, when considered together, are perceived as the concept of ‘Khudi’, by Iqbal. While elaborating on the theory of ‘Khudi’, the paper also studies the possible limitations of these terms about the self, in constituting a comprehensive meaning of ‘Khudi’ as visualized by Iqbal. Self-reliance of Emerson and Khudi of Iqbal, are two philosophies whose relevance in today’s age is growing. If Emerson’s Self-Reliance with a preexisting harmony with nature, and with absolutely trustworthy seated at our heart has worked for the betterment and advancement of the people he propounded his philosophy for, then it goes without saying that Iqbal’s concept of Khudi goes further and makes the beholder of this principled stance a personality who becomes immortal. It is only a matter of implementing, integrating, and becoming the living embodiment of Khudi.
The International Journal of Literary Humanities, 2014
Daniel Defoe’s narratives have been discussed in a variety of ways. Walter Allen called Moll Flan... more Daniel Defoe’s narratives have been discussed in a variety of ways. Walter Allen called Moll Flanders (1722) “a sociological novel dealing with the making of a criminal” (Watt 1993, 42). Ian Watt, on the other hand, calls it “a characteristic product of modern individualism in assuming that she owes it to herself to achieve the highest social and economic rewards” (Watt 94). Elsewhere, he categorizes her as an “economic individual” (Watt 1993, 94). She is also discussed as a “social climber” (Gonzalez 2002, 169) and as an embodiment of “the explosion in the literary representation of criminals during the early eighteenth century, and particularly during the 1720s” (Gonzalez 2002, 167). Moll Flanders has also been discussed as a character pursuing untrodden lands of the newly discovered America (Vania 1998). The connotations of the word Moll have also been explored in some studies. This study assimilates the peculiarities of narration as sought and experimented by Defoe through the single character of Moll Flanders. As a result, in the genre of 18th century fiction, it adds an impetus to criticism provided on this genre by one of the pioneering books, Rise of the Novel (1957) by Ian Watt. The following study is not only an endeavor to explore Ian Watt’s critique, but it also explores the peculiarities and distinct features regarding this novel’s polyphonic aspects. The genre of novel was at its infancy in the beginning of the eighteenth century and this study brings out the polyphony in the narrative as expressed by Defoe. It further probes as to where this narrative leads, especially for the reader or the receiver; what inferences are to be drawn from it in the contemporary world; how to recapitulate the course of one’s life; and whether to capitulate or not the precious jewels of our lives. It also analyzes different choices one has to make and explores the reasons why it is a terrible thing to live in fear. This study, therefore, traces the polyphonic or dialogical text and discusses the final contemplation as to whether it was societal pressures or inner demons of the character of Moll Flanders that surged in the peculiar narrative.
University of Chitral Journal of Linguistics and Literature, 2019
In this age of techno globalization “contemporary artists, poets, and musicians [are] making imag... more In this age of techno globalization “contemporary artists, poets, and musicians [are] making imaginative use of algorithms to generate new works and taking advantage of communications networks to craft cyber textual projects or works in cross-media formats” (Burdick). It is one of these cyber textual projects and a cross media format that this article takes as case study to explore. Titled “New World Order: Basra” by Sandy Baldwin, this cyber textual project integrates, apparently, two very different genres of expression, i.e. a poem and a typical game of shooting and hunting. The visual analysis of the electronic digital narrative titled “New World Order: Basra” by Sandy Baldwin entails different steps for this visual analysis namely: composition interpretation, Semiology and Discourse Analysis, discussed here shortly.
The relevance of undertaking a historiographic analysis in the context of historically disputed t... more The relevance of undertaking a historiographic analysis in the context of historically disputed territory of Indian Occupied Jammu and Kashmir (IOJ&K) cannot be denied in the wake of revocation of Article 370 and 35A by India on August 5, 2019. This arbitrary decision has opened a recurring dimension of the dispute, which needs to be addressed in a wider perspective. This paper, therefore, calls for environmental justice or eco–postcolonial ethic for IOJ&K —- a perspective, which is important by virtue of its definition only. Eco–postcolonial ethic, defined as a standpoint that brings forth the need to understand the expression of resistance against the oppression of colonizing powers in this postcolonial age, can be one possible way of determining a future course of action vis–a–vis Kashmir dispute. While the context of studying Kashmir in an Indian Pakistani conflict holds its own importance, shifting some frames of reference that incorporate the eco–postcolonial ethic of Kashmir,...
The International Journal of Literary Humanities, 2014
Daniel Defoe’s narratives have been discussed in a variety of ways. Walter Allen called Moll Flan... more Daniel Defoe’s narratives have been discussed in a variety of ways. Walter Allen called Moll Flanders (1722) “a sociological novel dealing with the making of a criminal” (Watt 1993, 42). Ian Watt, on the other hand, calls it “a characteristic product of modern individualism in assuming that she owes it to herself to achieve the highest social and economic rewards” (Watt 94). Elsewhere, he categorizes her as an “economic individual” (Watt 1993, 94). She is also discussed as a “social climber” (Gonzalez 2002, 169) and as an embodiment of “the explosion in the literary representation of criminals during the early eighteenth century, and particularly during the 1720s” (Gonzalez 2002, 167). Moll Flanders has also been discussed as a character pursuing untrodden lands of the newly discovered America (Vania 1998). The connotations of the word Moll have also been explored in some studies. This study assimilates the peculiarities of narration as sought and experimented by Defoe through the single character of Moll Flanders. As a result, in the genre of 18th century fiction, it adds an impetus to criticism provided on this genre by one of the pioneering books, Rise of the Novel (1957) by Ian Watt. The following study is not only an endeavor to explore Ian Watt’s critique, but it also explores the peculiarities and distinct features regarding this novel’s polyphonic aspects. The genre of novel was at its infancy in the beginning of the eighteenth century and this study brings out the polyphony in the narrative as expressed by Defoe. It further probes as to where this narrative leads, especially for the reader or the receiver; what inferences are to be drawn from it in the contemporary world; how to recapitulate the course of one’s life; and whether to capitulate or not the precious jewels of our lives. It also analyzes different choices one has to make and explores the reasons why it is a terrible thing to live in fear. This study, therefore, traces the polyphonic or dialogical text and discusses the final contemplation as to whether it was societal pressures or inner demons of the character of Moll Flanders that surged in the peculiar narrative.
The identity issues experienced in a post 9/11 novelby Ali Sethi have a slightly different comple... more The identity issues experienced in a post 9/11 novelby Ali Sethi have a slightly different complexion from most of the contemporary novels focusing on these themes.1 A great many, (mostly Pakistani novels) addressing these issues are set against the American background, while only some, take up this issue of identity and impact of 9/11 against the ethnic backdrop of Pakistan; a setting of The Wish Maker (2009), in which some important facets of Pakistani society/ psyche are explored. Disregarding the disparaging connotations2 of considering Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, and Homi K Bhabha as the “Holy Trinity,” Robert Young observes that though there are many things overlapping in their theories as both Spivak and Bhabha have drawn from Said‟s Orientalism, yet they cannot be taken as similar (Young, 1995, pp. 154, 163). Said, in turn is influenced by Michel Foucault‟s New Historicism.3 The text of the novel under study helps invoking selective features of Foucauldian New Historicism with special emphasis on the factors contributing for hegemony, and aspects of Bhabha‟s hybridity theory. Hegemony, New Historicism, and Hybridization, the main concerns of the present century‟s global and Anglophonic literature, become the major aspects of exploration for this paper about The Wish Maker (2009) by Ali Sethi
In the saga of feminist history, the dawn of third decade of the present millennium is at such a ... more In the saga of feminist history, the dawn of third decade of the present millennium is at such a juncture that it is questioning a surrogate representation of feminism. Some critics problematize the phenomenon of feminist representation and are of the opinion that truth is being displaced by certainty as displayed in ideas, pictures, and representations. Studying the progression of such representations and portrayal of feminism resulting mostly in a noise and obscenity traversing the phenomenon of an unwomanly woman this paper foregrounds the importance of actual women’s rights. Making use some oracular ideas of Suleri suggesting the need for alternative answers, this paper argues that sloganeering of iconoclastic and idiosyncratic typecasting of feminism need not be imposed on such a colossal scale across academic, polemic, and cultural platforms. Presenting this pervasive issue of feminism, womanism, and women’s rights in the light of alternate modes of understanding, this paper investigates the importance and relevance of revisiting the injunctions of our religious text and Iqbal’s feminist philosophy.
At the dawn of the third decade of the present millennium we are at such a juncture in the saga o... more At the dawn of the third decade of the present millennium we are at such a juncture in the saga of feminist history that allows us to question a surrogate representation of feminism. Problematizing the phenomenon of feminist representation, some critics are of the opinion that truth is being displaced by certainty and is no longer sought in relation to the world, but is located in Cartesian entities like ideas, pictures, and representations. Tracing the progression of its exemplifications in Cartesian illustrations, this paper explores different aspects of this representation and studies the metamorphosis of feminist movement in the present times. It also studies the portrayal of feminism resulting mostly in a boo ha-ha, a noise and obscenity straddling more with an unwomanly woman rather than its focus upon the actual women’s rights. This study explores the rhetoric of academics, social and cultural critics, and literary voices, mostly from the present millennium contending this trend. However, this research paper also adapts some oracular ideas of critics like Sara Suleri’s essay written in the last part of the twentieth century. Though not strictly in the paradigm of feminist discourses, Suleri emphasizes on the need for alternative answers. This paper argues that sloganeering of iconoclastic and idiosyncratic typecasting of feminism need not be imposed on such a colossal scale across academic, polemic, and cultural platforms. They should not be considered the alpha and omega of understanding the whole situation. Consequently, lightly adopting the theoretical lens of Suleri’s essay, this paper presents this pervasive issue of feminism, womanism, and women’s rights in the light of plurality of solutions; one of them being the importance relevance and revisiting the injunctions of our religious text.
Contemporary Challenges of Digital World and Cyber Crime and Management Solutions in the light of Cyber Crime Bill 2016 of Pakistan and Islamic Management Perspective, 2021
A computer and a network are all that is needed for any criminal activity of cybercrime. A vigoro... more A computer and a network are all that is needed for any criminal activity of cybercrime. A vigorous cybercrime legislation has, therefore, become a necessity in today’s digital age. Many nation-states take great measures to draft the inclusive laws regarding this legislation. The government of Pakistan is also working hard to amend the present laws which pursue to make sure the regulation with regards to the cyber security. Digital technology has many advantages but also has a dark side. Unfortunately, its dark side is paid much heed to which does not sit well with any code of ethics. The existence of Islam in the cyber world has created an opportunity for dialogue besides forming a new method of learning for mental and physical health The Electronic Transactions Ordinance ETO 2002 in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan forbade the illegitimate and unauthorized accessibility towards the information. It preceded the declaration of Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act PECA 2016. The Act lays down the laws for cyber- terrorist crimes which are conducted with the intent of committing terrorism. The penalty for this offense is based on the 14-year term of custody or a charge of Rs 5 million, which makes up to US $47,450. Understanding the Islamic perspective in this regard can be helpful for the betterment of the lives. Islam strictly forbids a spread of fake news through news sourcing which has increasingly become rampant in today’s cyber world which can lead towards malpractices. Thus, this research aims at sharing all the contemporary challenges with regards to the cybercrimes and possible solutions in the light of constitution in Pakistan.
Pakistan Journal of Women's Studies: Alam-e-Niswan
The schism created between man and woman in recent times of some past centuries has generated cri... more The schism created between man and woman in recent times of some past centuries has generated critical debates in different social frameworks. In Pakistan’s context, the recently passed bill for women’s protection has garnered a debate about certain structured gender roles that need be addressed to alleviate the sexual polarization that has ensued. While some religious factions have their apparently patriarchal concerns to resolve the perpetration of anti-patriarchal discourse that this bill seemingly initiates, this paper explores the manifestations of very pertinent anti-feminist concerns that this bill ensconces in its text, the discussion of which is mandatory for the peace and stability of this society. Drawing interstitially from Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s concept of the subaltern in a postcolonial context, the questioning of the parochial double-bound concept of post-coloniality and womanhood by Sara Suleri, and the legacy of Islamic feminism are three possible modes of add...
This paper explores the lives of the Native American Indians, a people, who have been put under e... more This paper explores the lives of the Native American Indians, a people, who have been put under erasure, for almost, the last five centuries. It studies some of their core issues and the world they live in, as portrayed in their historical, fictional, and non-fictional literary writings of the twentieth and the contemporary century. This critical mass of literature covers almost all the Anishinaabe or Anishinaabeg tribes of Native American descent coming from all across America and parts of Canada who were dislocated from their lands. One of the main cause of this dislocation was the, now well documented, greed and lust exhibited by the white man. This study also questions the subsequent stereotypical depiction of a dead Indian entity who was endeared to the public and branded as “‘Vanishing Americans’ [as] most people believed that the tribes had largely been exterminated” (Vine Deloria, God is Red 1973, 2003, 1). On the contrary, this exploration foregrounds the importance of the literature which depicts a living Native American identity, something emphasized by writers like Suzanne Evertsen Lundquist in her book, Native American Literatures: An Introduction (2005). In order to establish the need for the Native Americans to remove the influence of colonial authority when it comes to developing a sense of their own literary values and aesthetics, critics like Lundquist believe that the views of the tribes deserve individual recognition (Lundquist 2005, 291). This study, therefore, is an endeavor to define, record, and narrate the native experiences and voices of the original inhabitants of this land, rather than being represented by non-native exemplifications.
This paper explores the contribution of Pakistani Anglophone novel in the first decade of the twe... more This paper explores the contribution of Pakistani Anglophone novel in the first decade of the twenty first century in the discourses of cultural and postcolonial critique of contemporary fiction. Taking V. S. Naipal"s The House of Mr. Biswas as an example, Bhabha warns about the pitfalls of reading a postcolonial text in socially and historically mimetic perspectives, and takes issues with the reabsorption of such works in the English tradition ii. In the same vein, I explore four novels by Pakistan"s diasporic writers of the first decade of the present century. In an earlier study iii , The Reluctant Fundamentalist (2007) by Mohsin Hamid, Home Boy (2010) by H. M. Naqvi, Burnt Shadows (2009) by Kamila Shamsie, and The Wish Maker (2009) by Ali Sethi are read as defining post 9/11 texts for South Asian literature. In this paper, I argue that these works challenge the centrality of Eurocentric literary parameters in terms of linguistic, cultural and capitalistic terms. Their narratives engage in a sort of contrapuntal denunciation of cultural, and capitalistic hegemony, which, Foucault terms as "truth games" or matrix of "technologies" iv. With the theoretical framework comprising of Foucault"s theory of New Historicism and Bhabha"s Hybridity theory, this paper traces the third space of enunciation as crafted by these Pakistani diasporic writers.
An extensive comparative study between the two
seers, Emerson and Iqbal brings forth many
similar... more An extensive comparative study between the two seers, Emerson and Iqbal brings forth many similarities. This paper adds to the corpus of comparative study between Iqbal and western philosophy and an unexplored dimension is also studied in this paper. Drawing on their similarities, this paper traces the concept of self-reliance as proposed by the father of Transcendentalism, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and the dimensions of the self or ‘Khudi’ as developed by the poet philosopher, Allama Mohammad Iqbal. The critique in this paper strengthens upon the processes of Emerson’s spiritual insight coming from the readings in eastern religions, and building his vision upon the reconstruction of reliance on oneself with the convictions of selfhood, self-actualization, and selfrealization; which, when considered together, are perceived as the concept of ‘Khudi’, by Iqbal. While elaborating on the theory of ‘Khudi’, the paper also studies the possible limitations of these terms about the self, in constituting a comprehensive meaning of ‘Khudi’ as visualized by Iqbal. Self-reliance of Emerson and Khudi of Iqbal, are two philosophies whose relevance in today’s age is growing. If Emerson’s Self-Reliance with a preexisting harmony with nature, and with absolutely trustworthy seated at our heart has worked for the betterment and advancement of the people he propounded his philosophy for, then it goes without saying that Iqbal’s concept of Khudi goes further and makes the beholder of this principled stance a personality who becomes immortal. It is only a matter of implementing, integrating, and becoming the living embodiment of Khudi.
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Papers by Rabia Aamir
seers, Emerson and Iqbal brings forth many
similarities. This paper adds to the corpus of
comparative study between Iqbal and western
philosophy and an unexplored dimension is also
studied in this paper. Drawing on their similarities,
this paper traces the concept of self-reliance as
proposed by the father of Transcendentalism, Ralph
Waldo Emerson, and the dimensions of the self or
‘Khudi’ as developed by the poet philosopher, Allama
Mohammad Iqbal. The critique in this paper
strengthens upon the processes of Emerson’s
spiritual insight coming from the readings in eastern
religions, and building his vision upon the
reconstruction of reliance on oneself with the
convictions of selfhood, self-actualization, and selfrealization;
which, when considered together, are
perceived as the concept of ‘Khudi’, by Iqbal. While
elaborating on the theory of ‘Khudi’, the paper also
studies the possible limitations of these terms about
the self, in constituting a comprehensive meaning of
‘Khudi’ as visualized by Iqbal. Self-reliance of
Emerson and Khudi of Iqbal, are two philosophies
whose relevance in today’s age is growing. If
Emerson’s Self-Reliance with a preexisting harmony
with nature, and with absolutely trustworthy seated at
our heart has worked for the betterment and
advancement of the people he propounded his
philosophy for, then it goes without saying that
Iqbal’s concept of Khudi goes further and makes the
beholder of this principled stance a personality who
becomes immortal. It is only a matter of
implementing, integrating, and becoming the living
embodiment of Khudi.
seers, Emerson and Iqbal brings forth many
similarities. This paper adds to the corpus of
comparative study between Iqbal and western
philosophy and an unexplored dimension is also
studied in this paper. Drawing on their similarities,
this paper traces the concept of self-reliance as
proposed by the father of Transcendentalism, Ralph
Waldo Emerson, and the dimensions of the self or
‘Khudi’ as developed by the poet philosopher, Allama
Mohammad Iqbal. The critique in this paper
strengthens upon the processes of Emerson’s
spiritual insight coming from the readings in eastern
religions, and building his vision upon the
reconstruction of reliance on oneself with the
convictions of selfhood, self-actualization, and selfrealization;
which, when considered together, are
perceived as the concept of ‘Khudi’, by Iqbal. While
elaborating on the theory of ‘Khudi’, the paper also
studies the possible limitations of these terms about
the self, in constituting a comprehensive meaning of
‘Khudi’ as visualized by Iqbal. Self-reliance of
Emerson and Khudi of Iqbal, are two philosophies
whose relevance in today’s age is growing. If
Emerson’s Self-Reliance with a preexisting harmony
with nature, and with absolutely trustworthy seated at
our heart has worked for the betterment and
advancement of the people he propounded his
philosophy for, then it goes without saying that
Iqbal’s concept of Khudi goes further and makes the
beholder of this principled stance a personality who
becomes immortal. It is only a matter of
implementing, integrating, and becoming the living
embodiment of Khudi.