Papers by Zhanna Marchenko
Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia (Russian-language), 2021
Представлены результаты сравнительного комплексного исследования патологического развития костной... more Представлены результаты сравнительного комплексного исследования патологического развития костной и зубной систем у индивидов из погребений позднекротовской и андроновской (федоровской) культур эпохи развитой бронзы на юге Западной Сибири. Этот период характеризуется расширением ареала носителей степных традиций андроновской историко-культурной общности в Северной и Центральной Азии, в т.ч. в лесостепь. Изучены изменения внутренней структуры костной ткани на большеберцовых костях (линии Гарриса) и зубные патологии (гипоплазия эмали, кариес). Для фиксации нарушений нормального развития костной ткани использовалось цифровое рентгенографическое оборудование. В выборку включены представители разных половозрастных групп обеих культур из материалов крупнейшего некрополя региона Тартас-1 (Барабинская лесостепь). Линии Гарриса и гипоплазия эмали возникают под действием широкого спектра факторов (инфекционные болезни, периодическое голодание, травмы, авитаминоз и пр.). Кариес отражает увелич...
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Arctic Anthropology, 2020
This study aims to reconstruct the dietary habits of a local group of the Northern (Upper Taz) Se... more This study aims to reconstruct the dietary habits of a local group of the Northern (Upper Taz) Selkup in the 18th and 19th centuries based on multidisciplinary analyses of human interments from the Kikki-Akki burial site in Western Siberia and a study of unpublished written sources. It includes archaeoparasitological studies of soils adjacent to human remains, a paleopathological examination of human crania and teeth, and isotopic analysis of both human and animal organic samples to reconstruct dietary habits. Information on the inhabitants of the upper Taz River from documents of the 19th century was cross-checked. Bottom-feeding omnivorous and predatory fish were prevalent in the diet of all group members. All group members, including children, continually consumed raw fish or insufficiently cooked fish dishes. The change in the protein composition of the diet in autumn and early spring coincided with the hunting seasons of certain animals.
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Институт проблем освоения Севера Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, 2019
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e-Forschungsberichte. Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, 2020
One of the most important adaptations of societies at the northern frontier of the Eurasian stepp... more One of the most important adaptations of societies at the northern frontier of the Eurasian steppe belt was the transition from a hunter-gatherer to a pastoral economy during the Bronze Age. The different hypothesis regarding this cultural and economic adaptation processes are studied by an ongoing German-Russian research project with a bioarchaeological research agenda focusing on the analysis of stable isotopes to reconstruct changes in diets and mobility pattern.
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Quaternary International, 2021
Here, we present new δ13С and δ15N data for modern and archaeological freshwater fish bone collag... more Here, we present new δ13С and δ15N data for modern and archaeological freshwater fish bone collagen from Siberia, together with summarized isotopic data for the Eurasian Steppe from previous research. Bioarchaeological material is an important source of information about people's lifestyle, economy and diets, and palaeoenvironment. Stable isotope analysis of fish bones, along with other palaeozoological and palaeobotanical material, is used for reconstruction of past human subsistence. The earlier isotopic study of human and faunal bones from the Preobrazhenka 6 site (south of Western Siberia) revealed elevated δ13C values in fish bones (from −15.2 to −12.6‰), not typical for inland regions, from the settlement Neolithic layer of the site (Marchenko et al. 2015). In order to determine the possible sources of origin of the archaeological fish with high δ13C in inland Central Eurasia, the isotopic composition of modern fish from rivers and lakes of the south of Western Siberia was...
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Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories, 2019
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Russian Geology and Geophysics, 2018
The Late Bronze to Iron Age transition in West Siberia involved significant cultural and politica... more The Late Bronze to Iron Age transition in West Siberia involved significant cultural and political changes, which were reflected in the emergence of protourban settlements in the forest–steppe zone. The transition is roughly dated to the turn from the 2nd to the 1st mil. BC, mainly based on archaeological artefacts and on the general sociocultural development. A more precise radiocarbon dating for this transition was problematic mainly because of the general lack of data for West Siberia. This paper analyzes the chronology of the Late Bronze to Iron Age transition at Chicha, a reference site in the region for this period. The assessment of a possible hiatus between the Late Bronze Age and the following transitional period at Chicha is the key issue of our paper, as its presence may have far reaching cultural implications. To increase the precision of the radiocarbon chronology with focus on the possible hiatus, the samples from well-defined stratigraphic contexts were analyzed using...
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Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia, 2018
A Mongolian era female headdress of the bocca type is described. It was found in 2015, in a buria... more A Mongolian era female headdress of the bocca type is described. It was found in 2015, in a burial at Krokhalevka-5, in the Novosibirsk region of the Ob. The undisturbed burial of an adult female belongs to a group of contemporaneous medieval graves under a large mound 75 and dates to the 13th to 14th centuries. We describe the birch-bark frame (cylindrical base, frontal plate, and cover) and the decorative items (large glass and stone beads, small glass beads, and a bronze earring) with regard to field conservation and subsequent restoration. The size and shape of the headdress are reconstructed. It is one of the northern specimens of the Mongolian and Tian Shan bocca type, and its parallels are known from archaeological finds and written descriptions. Bocca, an attribute of a married woman, had ritual and mundane functions and several meanings. Like the silk items found in the burial, the bocca was a prestigious imported object marking the high status of the woman and of other ind...
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Radiocarbon, 2017
This paper discusses the chronology of burial grounds containing specific Seima-Turbino type bron... more This paper discusses the chronology of burial grounds containing specific Seima-Turbino type bronze weaponry (spears, knives, and celts). The “transcultural” Seima-Turbino phenomenon relates to a wide distribution of specific objects found within the sites of different Bronze Age cultures in Eurasia, not immediately related to each other. The majority of the Seima-Turbino objects represent occasional findings, and they are rarely recovered from burial grounds. Here, we present a new set of 14C dates from cemeteries in western Siberia, including the key Asian site Rostovka, with the largest number of graves containing Seima-Turbino objects. Currently, the presented database is the most extensive for the Seima-Turbino complexes. The resulting radiocarbon (14C) chronology for the western Siberian sites (22nd–20th centuries cal BC) is older than the existing chronology based on typological analysis (16th–15th centuries BC) and some earlier 14C dates for the Seima-Turbino sites in easter...
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Radiocarbon, 2015
This article presents the results of radiocarbon dating and a chronology of the Preobrazhenka 6 s... more This article presents the results of radiocarbon dating and a chronology of the Preobrazhenka 6 site of the Odino culture (Baraba forest steppe, western Siberia). Currently available 14C data for the necropolis do not allow accurate determination of the presence or absence of reservoir effects, and as such, further research is needed. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dating of paired samples of terrestrial faunal and fish remains from a Neolithic pit suggest the absence of a reservoir effect in fish bone collagen. Middle Bronze Age burials have therefore been estimated to date to the 23rd–20th centuries cal BC. Pits with fish remains are dated earlier than burials, to the 63rd–61st centuries cal BC. Stable isotope measurements of human bone collagen (high δ15N and low δ13C values) indicate diets based on C3 plants and fish. Apparently, the role of animal protein in the diet was not significant. Dental paleopathology analysis has confirmed the important role of wild plants in ...
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Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia (Russian-language), 2021
Представлены результаты сравнительного комплексного исследования патологического развития костной... more Представлены результаты сравнительного комплексного исследования патологического развития костной и зубной систем у индивидов из погребений позднекротовской и андроновской (федоровской) культур эпохи развитой бронзы на юге Западной Сибири. Этот период характеризуется расширением ареала носителей степных традиций андроновской историко-культурной общности в Северной и Центральной Азии, в т.ч. в лесостепь. Изучены изменения внутренней структуры костной ткани на большеберцовых костях (линии Гарриса) и зубные патологии (гипоплазия эмали, кариес). Для фиксации нарушений нормального развития костной ткани использовалось цифровое рентгенографическое оборудование. В выборку включены представители разных половозрастных групп обеих культур из материалов крупнейшего некрополя региона Тартас-1 (Барабинская лесостепь). Линии Гарриса и гипоплазия эмали возникают под действием широкого спектра факторов (инфекционные болезни, периодическое голодание, травмы, авитаминоз и пр.). Кариес отражает увелич...
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Arctic Anthropology
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Russian Geology and Geophysics, 2018
The Late Bronze to Iron Age transition in West Siberia involved significant cultural and politica... more The Late Bronze to Iron Age transition in West Siberia involved significant cultural and political changes, which were reflected in the emergence of protourban settlements in the forest–steppe zone. The transition is roughly dated to the turn from the 2nd to the 1st mil. BC, mainly based on archaeological artefacts and on the general sociocultural development. A more precise radiocarbon dating for this transition was problematic mainly because of the general lack of data for West Siberia. This paper analyzes the chronology of the Late Bronze to Iron Age transition at Chicha, a reference site in the region for this period. The assessment of a possible hiatus between the Late Bronze Age and the following transitional period at Chicha is the key issue of our paper, as its presence may have far reaching cultural implications. To increase the precision of the radiocarbon chronology with focus on the possible hiatus, the samples from well-defined stratigraphic contexts were analyzed using Bayesian modeling incorporating stratigraphic information. The performed chronological modeling supports existing archaeological hypothesis of a hiatus at the very end of the 2nd mil. BC, just before the regular emergence of a new protourban settlement at the site of an abandoned Late Bronze settlement. A sensitivity analysis including the simulated hiatus confirms the reliability of the model. A complete population change seems to be plausible. The protourban settlement of Chicha, typical of the Transitional period, did not exist very long. With the emergence of the early nomadic cultures in the South Siberian steppes at the beginning of the 1st mil. BC, it most probably stopped functioning. The cultural development of that time, former believed to be continuous, was deeply interrupted several times.
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New Burial Ground of the Barrow Type Novaya Kurya 1 in the Northern Kulunda Steppes, 2019
Новый курганный могильник Новая Курья-1 в Северной Кулунде В 2019 г. была проведена археологическ... more Новый курганный могильник Новая Курья-1 в Северной Кулунде В 2019 г. была проведена археологическая разведка на территории Карасукского р-на Новосибирской обл. В результате было обнаружено три новых памятника-два курганных могильника (Новая Курья-1 и-3) и остат-ки поселенческого культурного слоя эпохи неолита (Новая Курья-2). На могильнике Новая Курья-1 были про-ведены широкомасштабные магнитометрические исследования, общей площадью 23 550 м 2. Удалось получить информацию о внутреннем устройстве курганов и выявить археологические объекты без внешних признаков в пространстве между ними. Геомагнитные данные определили своеобразие структуры кург. 5, не свойственное остальным сооружениям могильника (подпрямоугольно-округлая форма рва и подкурганные объекты, располо-женные в ряд по линии север-юг). В результате проведения археологических работ на кург. 5 были полностью изучены остатки насыпи кургана, ров, два захоронения и ритуальная столбовая яма за пределами рва (остатки сэрге?), относящаяся к основному комплексу. Центральное погр. 1 было ограблено в древности и содержало останки человека и отдельные части лошади (фрагмент черепа и кости четырех конечностей). Судя по сохра-нившимся in situ костям, человек был положен в вытянутой позе на спине головой на восток. Останки лошади были уложены рядом и были ориентированы черепом на запад. В заполнении погребения обнаружена бронзовая пластина-основа для налобного украшения лошади-султанчика. Погребение 2 оказалось непотревоженным. Погребенный был уложен в вытянутой позе на животе и ориентирован головой на восток. В районе нижней челюсти найдена бронзовая подтреугольная привеска. Оба захороненных-взрослые мужчины. Погребальный обряд и набор сопроводительных предметов позволили определить принадлежность кург. 5 к эпохе Средневеко-вья, связанной с широким распространением тюркских традиций в степных и лесостепных культурах Евразии. Ключевые слова: Кулундинская степь, эпоха Средневековья, курганный могильник, геомагнитная съемка.
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Archaeology, Ethnology and Antropology of Eurasia, 2018
A Mongolian era female headdress of the bocca type is described. It was found in 2015, in a buri... more A Mongolian era female headdress of the bocca type is described. It was found in 2015, in a burial at Krokhalevka-5, in the Novosibirsk region of the Ob. The undisturbed burial of an adult female belongs to a group of contemporaneous medieval graves under a large mound 75, and dates to the 13th to 14th centuries. We describe the birch-bark frame (cylindrical base, frontal plate, and cover) and the decorative items (large glass and stone beads, small glass beads, and a bronze earring) with regard to field conservation and subsequent restoration. The size and shape of the headdress are reconstructed. It is one of the northern specimens of the Mongolian and Tian Shan bocca type, and its parallels are known from archaeological finds and written descriptions. Bocca, an attribute of a married woman, had ritual and mundane functions and several meanings. Like the silk items found in the burial, the bocca was a prestigious imported object marking the high status of the woman and of other individuals buried under the same mound. It evidences ties between the local elite and the steppe dwellers—members of the imperial Mongol culture.
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Труды V (XXI) Всероссийского археологического съезда в Барнауле-Белокурихе, 2017
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РАДИОУГЛЕРОДНАЯ ХРОНОЛОГИЯ ПРОЦЕССА ЗАСЕЛЕНИЯ ПАМЯТНИКА ЧИЧА И БАЙЕСОВСКАЯ СТАТИСТИКА ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ ПРЕРЫВИСТОГО ПЕРЕХОДА ОТ ЭПОХИ ПОЗДНЕЙ БРОНЗЫ К РАННЕМУ ЖЕЛЕЗНОМУ ВЕКУ (Западная Сибирь), 2018
Переход от поздней бронзы к раннему железному веку в Западной Сибири включал значительные культур... more Переход от поздней бронзы к раннему железному веку в Западной Сибири включал значительные культурные и политические изменения, которые проявились в возникновении протогородских поселе-ний в лесостепи. На основании артефактов и общего социокультурного уровня развития хронология переходного периода определялась концом II—началом I тыс. до н.э. Более точное определение хроноло-гии переходного времени в Западной Сибири затруднялось ввиду недостатка радиоуглеродных данных. В статье анализируется хронология перехода эпохи поздней бронзы к раннему железному веку на при-мере городища Чича — ключевом памятнике по этому периоду в регионе. Одним из основных аспек-тов нашей работы является оценка возможности хиатуса (перерыва) между комплексами эпохи поздней бронзы и напластованиями последующего переходного периода на городище. Наличие перерыва в раз-витии памятника может повлиять на интерпретацию культурных процессов в регионе. Для повышения точности радиоуглеродной хронологии с акцентом на возможной паузе были отобраны образцы из на-дежных стратиграфических контекстов, которые анализировались с использованием математического моделирования и байесовской статистики, включающей стратиграфическую информацию. Предложен-ная хронологическая модель поддерживает гипотезу о существовании перерыва (хиатуса) в самом конце II тыс. до н.э., незадолго до начала регулярной застройки поселения нового протогородского типа на месте заброшенного поселения эпохи поздней бронзы. Анализ чувствительности, включающий модели-рованный хиатус, подтверждает надежность предложенной модели. Исходя из нее, вероятным кажется полная смена населения на памятнике. Поселение протогородского типа, характерное для переходного периода, на Чиче не существовало долго. Скорее всего, оно перестало функционировать в связи с появ-лением в начале I тыс. до н.э. ранних кочевых культур в Южной Сибири. Таким образом, культурное раз-витие в рассматриваемый период, представлявшееся ранее непрерывным, прерывалось несколько раз. The Late Bronze to Iron Age transition in West Siberia involved significant cultural and political changes, which were reflected in the emergence of protourban settlements in the forest–steppe zone. The transition is roughly dated to the turn from the 2nd to the 1st mil. BC, mainly based on archaeological artefacts and on the general sociocultural development. A more precise radiocarbon dating for this transition was problematic mainly because of the general lack of data for West Siberia. This paper analyzes the chronology of the Late Bronze to Iron Age transition at Chicha, a reference site in the region for this period. The assessment of a possible hiatus between the Late Bronze Age and the following transitional period at Chicha is the key issue of our paper, as its presence may have far reaching cultural implications. To increase the precision of the radiocarbon chronology with focus on the possible hiatus, the samples from well-defined stratigraphic contexts were analyzed using Bayesian modeling incorporating stratigraphic information. The performed chronological modeling supports existing archaeological hypothesis of a hiatus at the very end of the 2nd mil. BC, just before the regular emergence of a new protourban settlement at the site of an abandoned Late Bronze settlement. A sensitivity analysis
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Radiocarbon chronology of occupation of the site Chicha and Bayesian statistics for the assessment of a discontinuous transition from Late Bronze to Early Iron Age (West Siberia, 2018
The Late Bronze to Iron Age transition in West Siberia involved significant cultural and politica... more The Late Bronze to Iron Age transition in West Siberia involved significant cultural and political changes, which were reflected in the emergence of protourban settlements in the forest–steppe zone. The transition is roughly dated to the turn from the 2nd to the 1st mil. BC, mainly based on archaeological artefacts and on the general sociocultural development. A more precise radiocarbon dating for this transition was problematic mainly because of the general lack of data for West Siberia. This paper analyzes the chronology of the Late Bronze to Iron Age transition at Chicha, a reference site in the region for this period. The assessment of a possible hiatus between the Late Bronze Age and the following transitional period at Chicha is the key issue of our paper, as its presence may have far reaching cultural implications. To increase the precision of the radiocarbon chronology with focus on the possible hiatus, the samples from well-defined stratigraphic contexts were analyzed using Bayesian modeling incorporating stratigraphic information. The performed chronological modeling supports existing archaeological hypothesis of a hiatus at the very end of the 2nd mil. BC, just before the regular emergence of a new protourban settlement at the site of an abandoned Late Bronze settlement. A sensitivity analysis including the simulated hiatus confirms the reliability of the model. A complete population change seems to be plausible. The protourban settlement of Chicha, typical of the Transitional period, did not exist very long. With the emergence of the early nomadic cultures in the South Siberian steppes at the beginning of the 1st mil. BC, it most probably stopped functioning. The cultural development of that time, former believed to be continuous, was deeply interrupted several times.
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