Books by Mark D Griffiths
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As a leisure activity, gambling dates back to ancient times. More recently, the surge in avenues ... more As a leisure activity, gambling dates back to ancient times. More recently, the surge in avenues for gambling—casinos, sports betting, lotteries, and remote media (e.g.,Internet, mobile phone, interactive television) among them—finds growing numbers of people losing control over their gambling behaviour, usually at great personal and financial expense. Problem Gambling in Europe is the first book to offer a robust international knowledge base compiled by an interdisciplinary panel of researchers in gambling behaviour.
Reports from 21 countries throughout Western, Eastern, Northern, and Southern Europe reveal wide variations in types of wagering activities, participation by populations, social and criminal consequences related to pathological gambling, the extent to which governments acknowledge the problem, and efforts to control it (often with the involvement of the gaming industries). For each country, noted experts discuss: (i) Current legislation regulating gambling, (ii) Forms of gambling and their addictive potential, (iii) Participation rates and demographics, (iv) Prevalence of pathological gambling, (v) National policies to address problem gambling, (vi) Prevention strategies and treatment methods.
Problem Gambling in Europe brings insight and clarity to a widespread and complex phenomenon, and will be of considerable interest to all parties working to reduce their negative effects: social science researchers in addictions, gambling behaviour, and public health; clinical, social, and health psychologists and psychiatrists; treatment practitioners; the gaming industry; regulators; and policy makers.
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This report aims to raise awareness of problem gambling in the UK and provides recommendations on... more This report aims to raise awareness of problem gambling in the UK and provides recommendations on how the problem can be addressed. After examining the nature of gambling addiction in the UK, the report reviews the accessibility and availability of gambling addiction services, with the aim of raising awareness among general practitioners (GPs) and other healthcare workers of these services and other relevant treatments. The impact of the Gambling Act 2005 and the problems associated with internet and remote gambling is also considered. The report concludes with a series of recommendations aimed at healthcare professionals, policy makers and service providers. It also provides summary information on the Gambling Act 2005 and contact details for the private and charitable organisations in the UK that provide advice and support for people with gambling problems.
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The guide gives the practitioner an understanding of why children and adolescents may come to pla... more The guide gives the practitioner an understanding of why children and adolescents may come to play fruit machines/video games to excess and includes knowledge about the risk factors involved in this. It includes practical and common–sense interventions that may be beneficial for such children and adolescents and also includes practical advice to give to parents facing their child’s behavioural addiction
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Although in theory gambling is against the law for children, there is one form of gambling that y... more Although in theory gambling is against the law for children, there is one form of gambling that young people do have access to: slot machines. Adolescent Gambling addresses the issue of underage gambling and raises the crucial issue of who is to blame. Is it something about the personality of the young person or is it the addictive nature of gambling itself? Griffiths provides an overview of adolescent gambling worldwide in addition to individual case studies, treatment approaches and an insight into how the gaming industry induces young people to gamble.
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Papers by Mark D Griffiths
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International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2021
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health crisis that has generated fea... more The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health crisis that has generated fear and negative psychological consequences. The present study evaluated the validity and factor structure of Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) among a sample from the general Indonesian population. The English version of the FCV-19S was translated and back-translated into Indonesian language, followed by a pilot study. Using convenience sampling method, a total of 728 participants completed an online survey distributed on various social media platforms. The survey included the FCV-19S, personality traits (neuroticism and extraversion), Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The Indonesian FCV-19S had very good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega) and composite reliability (alpha = 0.88, omega = .86, composite reliability = .87). Maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test construct validity (χ 2 /df = 2.51, CFI = .984, SRMR = .028, PCLOSE = .15 > .05, RMSEA = .06, 90% CI [.03, .09]). As for criterion-related validity, the FCV-19S score positively correlated with the score on PHQ-9, GAD-7, negative affect, and neuroticism and negatively correlated with extraversion. Negative affect was identified as the most important predictor of the fear of COVID-19. Personality traits also predicted the fear of COVID-19. The findings provide evidence that the FCV-19S is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing fear generated by COVID-19 among a healthy Indonesian-speaking population.
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Journal of behavioral addictions, Jan 17, 2017
Online gaming has greatly increased in popularity in recent years, and with this has come a multi... more Online gaming has greatly increased in popularity in recent years, and with this has come a multiplicity of problems due to excessive involvement in gaming. Gaming disorder, both online and offline, has been defined for the first time in the draft of 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). National surveys have shown prevalence rates of gaming disorder/addiction of 10%-15% among young people in several Asian countries and of 1%-10% in their counterparts in some Western countries. Several diseases related to excessive gaming are now recognized, and clinics are being established to respond to individual, family, and community concerns, but many cases remain hidden. Gaming disorder shares many features with addictions due to psychoactive substances and with gambling disorder, and functional neuroimaging shows that similar areas of the brain are activated. Governments and health agencies worldwide are seeking for the effects of online gaming to be address...
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Journal of behavioral addictions, Jan 17, 2017
Online gaming has greatly increased in popularity in recent years, and with this has come a multi... more Online gaming has greatly increased in popularity in recent years, and with this has come a multiplicity of problems due to excessive involvement in gaming. Gaming disorder, both online and offline, has been defined for the first time in the draft of 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). National surveys have shown prevalence rates of gaming disorder/addiction of 10%-15% among young people in several Asian countries and of 1%-10% in their counterparts in some Western countries. Several diseases related to excessive gaming are now recognized, and clinics are being established to respond to individual, family, and community concerns, but many cases remain hidden. Gaming disorder shares many features with addictions due to psychoactive substances and with gambling disorder, and functional neuroimaging shows that similar areas of the brain are activated. Governments and health agencies worldwide are seeking for the effects of online gaming to be address...
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Liew, L.W.L., Stavropoulos, V., Adams, B.L.M., Burleigh, T.L. & Griffiths, M.D. (2018). Internet Gaming Disorder: The interplay between physical activity and user-avatar relationship. Behavior and Information Technology, 37, 558-574. Understanding both the risk and protective factors associated with Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD)... more Understanding both the risk and protective factors associated with Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has been viewed by many in the gaming studies field as an area of research priority. The present study focused on the potential risk and protective effects of user-avatar (game figure) relationship and physical activity (PA), respectively. To address these aims, a cross-sectional and a longitudinal mixed-methods design were combined (comprising both psychological and physiological assessments). A sample of 121 emerging adult gamers (18-29 years) residing in Australia, who played massively multiplayer online games, were assessed in relation to their IGD behaviours using the nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form. Additionally, the Proto-Self-Presence (PSP) scale was used to evaluate the extent to which gamers identified with the body of their avatar. Finally, a PA monitor (Fitbit Flex) measured levels of energy consumed during real-world daily activities (active minutes). A number of linear regressions and moderation analyses were conducted. Findings confirmed that PSP functioned as an IGD risk factor and that PA acted protectively, weakening the association between PSP and IGD behaviours. Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to IGD treatment and gaming development aspects. ARTICLE HISTORY
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Background and Aims: Research has shown a potential association between problematic social networ... more Background and Aims: Research has shown a potential association between problematic social networking site (SNS) use and psychiatric disorders. The primary objective of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate studies examining the association between problematic SNS use and comorbid psychiatric disorders.
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Fans watching live sport events, both mediated or in stadia, have witnessed an increase in sports... more Fans watching live sport events, both mediated or in stadia, have witnessed an increase in sports betting products. Most of these products feature in-play betting, that is, the ability to bet on a game once it has started while watching it. In-play betting has raised many concerns among responsible gambling advocates due to its perceived relationship with problem gambling behaviour. This study explored the association between in-play betting and problem gambling. More specifically, the study examined how motives for consuming sport and how involved sports fans were in watching sport affected their gambling. Also, adjacent risk behaviours to in-play betting (such as consuming junk food and alcohol) during live sports betting were examined. Using a survey comprising 659 sports bettors from Spain, the study found that compared to participants not engaging in in-play betting, in-play bettors reported higher (i) problem gambling severity, (ii) sport watching involvement , (iii) consumption of sport to escape from everyday preoccupations, and
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1. Lin, C-L., Imani, V., Broström, A., Nilsen, P., Griffiths, M.D. & Pakpour, A.H. (2019). Smartphone application-based addiction among Iranian adolescents: A psychometric study. International Journal of Mental Health and Addictions, in press.
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Although an increasing number of studies have focused on problematic smartphone use and smartphon... more Although an increasing number of studies have focused on problematic smartphone use and smartphone addiction, few of these studies have employed both quantitative and qualitative methods or employed a cross-cultural design. A limited number of studies have compared eastern and western groups. The present study investigates the prevalence and causes of problematic smartphone use among Chinese and British undergraduates. A sample of n = 778 undergraduates participated in this study (475 Chinese students and 303 British students). Students' scores on a self-report measure of problematic smartphone use were compared across country and gender. Qualitative data were analyzed using the framework approach. Chinese undergraduates reported significantly higher levels of PSU than British undergraduates , with a medium to large effect size. Females scored significantly higher than males in both groups. Chinese students reported that the sharp transition from a strictly managed high school life to a freer university life affected their level of smartphone use. This study indicates the importance of considering cultural and educational backgrounds when conducting studies on problematic smartphone use. Keywords Problematic smartphone use. Smartphone addiction. Cross-cultural study. Mixed methods design. Student smartphone use Smartphones, as mobile devices with flexible Internet access and diverse applications, are now widely used around the world. The global smartphone penetration rate has increased sharply in a short period, from 10% in 2011 to 36% in 2018 (Statista 2018a). Research has found mobile phones (and more recently smartphones) can have both positive and negative impacts (Aoki International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction https://doi.
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There are many contributing factors to problematic social media use including personality differe... more There are many contributing factors to problematic social media use including personality differences, psychosocial factors, and specific use motivations. The present study (N = 444 emerging adults, 75% women) investigated the direct and indirect relationships between trait emotional intelligence and problematic social media use via social media use motives by testing a complex mediation model. Path analyses suggested that trait emotional intelligence was directly and indirectly associated with problematic social media use via two social media use motives: (i) expressing or presenting a more popular self, and (ii) passing time. Results of the present study indicate that trait emotional intelligence may have a role in the motives for using social media as well as the development and maintenance of problematic social media use. Moreover, future studies should focus mediator risk factors between trait emotional intelligence and problematic social media use.
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Pornography is extensively produced, distributed, and used as a medium of entertainment around th... more Pornography is extensively produced, distributed, and used as a medium of entertainment around the world but has been little studied in Bangladesh. The present study examined the attitudes and risk factors of Bangladeshi university students' pornography consumption. A survey was carried among 313 undergraduate students at Jahangirnagar University (Dhaka, Bangladesh). The study found that 72% of students consumed pornography at least once within their entire life, and approximately half of them were occasional consumers. Approximately two-thirds (67%) encountered pornography during high school, although females typically encountered pornography much later. Logistic regression analysis showed that pornography consumption was predicted by being male, living in a rural area, being in a relationship, engaging in online activities (such as using Facebook), and watching movies. Further research is needed to further determine the behavioral patterns and associated factors that influence pornography consumption among Bangladeshi students.
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In the field of psychopathology, there is high comorbidity between different disorders. Tradition... more In the field of psychopathology, there is high comorbidity between different disorders. Traditionally , support for two broad correlated dimensions of internalizing and externalizing symptoms has consistently emerged for children and adolescents. To date, oblique 2 and 3 first-order factor models (factors for externalizing and internalizing, and fear, distress, and externalizing) and bi-factor models with the corresponding two and three group factors have been suggested for common internalizing and eternalizing child and adolescent disorders. The present study used confirmatory factor analyses to examine the relative support for these models in adolescents (≥ 12 to 18 years; N = 866) and children (6 to < 12 years; N = 1233) and the reliability and convergent and divergent validities of the psychopathology factor (P-factor) and group factors in the optimum bi-factor model. All participants were from a clinic and underwent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition clinical diagnosis. The findings showed that the bi-factor model with two group factors (internalizing and externalizing) was the optimum model for both children and adolescents. For both groups, findings showed relatively higher reliability for the P-factor than the group factors, although the externalizing group factor showed substantial reliability in adolescents, and both the externalizing and internalizing group factors also showed substantial reliability in children. The factors of the optimum bi-factor model also showed good convergent and discriminant validities. The implications for theory and clinical and research practice related to psychopathology are discussed.
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Books by Mark D Griffiths
Reports from 21 countries throughout Western, Eastern, Northern, and Southern Europe reveal wide variations in types of wagering activities, participation by populations, social and criminal consequences related to pathological gambling, the extent to which governments acknowledge the problem, and efforts to control it (often with the involvement of the gaming industries). For each country, noted experts discuss: (i) Current legislation regulating gambling, (ii) Forms of gambling and their addictive potential, (iii) Participation rates and demographics, (iv) Prevalence of pathological gambling, (v) National policies to address problem gambling, (vi) Prevention strategies and treatment methods.
Problem Gambling in Europe brings insight and clarity to a widespread and complex phenomenon, and will be of considerable interest to all parties working to reduce their negative effects: social science researchers in addictions, gambling behaviour, and public health; clinical, social, and health psychologists and psychiatrists; treatment practitioners; the gaming industry; regulators; and policy makers.
Papers by Mark D Griffiths
Reports from 21 countries throughout Western, Eastern, Northern, and Southern Europe reveal wide variations in types of wagering activities, participation by populations, social and criminal consequences related to pathological gambling, the extent to which governments acknowledge the problem, and efforts to control it (often with the involvement of the gaming industries). For each country, noted experts discuss: (i) Current legislation regulating gambling, (ii) Forms of gambling and their addictive potential, (iii) Participation rates and demographics, (iv) Prevalence of pathological gambling, (v) National policies to address problem gambling, (vi) Prevention strategies and treatment methods.
Problem Gambling in Europe brings insight and clarity to a widespread and complex phenomenon, and will be of considerable interest to all parties working to reduce their negative effects: social science researchers in addictions, gambling behaviour, and public health; clinical, social, and health psychologists and psychiatrists; treatment practitioners; the gaming industry; regulators; and policy makers.