ICSE

Veterinary Extension service is the part of Agricultural Extension service which deals with provision of education
related to livestock keeping from veterinary officers to livestock keepers. Education provided includes advices,
skills, techniques, how to increase livestock resources and how to control and prevent livestock diseases. 
Home visiting were the most used way to provide veterinary extension service to livestock keepers in rural areas. In
this method, livestock officers move from their office to rural area where livestock keepers are found. This system is
linear as information flows from Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development to livestock officers and final to
Livestock keepers. Linearity of this system contributes to inefficient provision of extension services since veterinary
officers have to move from their office to rural area on bicycle. 
To solve this problem, a wireless database system was developed.  This system enables livestock keepers to send
SMS to query information about livestock disease, symptoms, treatment and prevention instead of waiting this
service from veterinary officers. The system works by receiving the sent SMS and interpreting it.  After
interpretation, it uses their contents to query the required information from database. The queried information is sent
back to the users as SMS. If requested information is not available, system informs user on unavailability of
information. This is the fastest alternative way of disseminating veterinary extension services to livestock keepers
instead of home visiting method which consume more time and cost in moving from one place to another.

Tanzania is one of the third world countries
and among the world's poorest county. It depends on
agriculture which provides 80% of all employment and
contributes to about ¼ of GDP.  Its financial sector has
inflated in the recent years as a result of competition with
foreign commercial banks. In line with good services they
provide, the interest rates of these banks are higher thing
which creates trouble to customers during loan repayments.
Also their loan provision criteria include collateral which is
defined as the huge obstacle to low income earners and those
who live below poverty line.  The alternative way which
enables lower-income group to access loan is Savings and
Credit Co-operative Societies (SACCOS). Contribution of
SACCOS in Tanzania economy is of outstanding importance,
but yet the country lags far behind. For SACCOS to continue
to exist and stay aggressive it must adoption and use ICTs.
Literatures show that there are several SACCOS which are
not using ICTs. For those few which managed to adopt ICTs,
it had been discovered that they are facing numerous
challenges.  So this study aimed at identifying factors which
hinder SACCOS from adopting ICTs in their operations as
well as recommending approaches which their
implementations will  motivate ICTs adoption.  Primary and
secondary data were collected by using observation and desk
research technique. findings shows that factors which hold
back SACCOS from adopting ICTs are poor infrastructure,
absence of electricity, low capital, lack of ICT expert and
bylaw.  Based on findings, researcher proposed framework
that will guide and enable SACCOS to adopt ICTs. Proposed
framework contains four significant components which are
members of SACCOS, government, donors and Banks.

... IT and security in a coherent system [2]. BRITS can be used to bridge the gap between the topmanagement and IT personnel when it comes to risk management in organisations. This study had two primary goals: firstly to assess the current state of ICT security management ...

Forward Error Correction (FEC) codes used by receivers to correct transmission errors without retransmission add a considerable amount of redundant bits to data bits. The addition of redundant bits lowers the overall network throughput, thus increasing the demand for more required bandwidth. In this paper we investigate and discuss various techniques used in FEC and show their effects to data communication in terms of bandwidth utilization. Additionally we propose improvement of (2, 1, 2) Convolutional encoder to (3, 2, 3) encoder. The proposed improvements increase the code rate from 1/2 to 2/3 hence reducing error control information and increasing bit rate. The received codeword can be decoded by Soft-Output Viterbi Algorithm. Keywords: FEC, Bandwidth, Convolutional Codes, Code Rate, Soft Output Viterbi Algorithm

The effects of exposure from electromagnetic radiations of wireless cellular transmission towers to human health have attracted the attention of many researchers. Different works have revealed the harmful of Electromagnetic radiation exposure to human health based on distance from the source and period of exposure. As one stays closer and at a pro-longed period from the transmission sites,the possibility of being affected by the radiation source becomes higher. In this work, we review some of the works on assessment of electromagnetic radiation exposure and propose measures for determining safety zones based on the cases of cellular transmission towers in the Tanzania environment to avoid extended exposure to electromagnetic radiation.

Broadband connectivity is a key strategic resource for assisting change in social and economic development and wealth creation. Tanzania rural areas, where 75% of the population live, are characterized by limited ICT infrastructure that are dominated by low data rate such as GPRS, EDGE and VSAT network services which are also too expensive for the rural population. In this paper we propose last-mile broadband connectivity frameworks based on the existing optical fiber backhaul in an effort to ensure that marginalized communities are connected with high data rates and affordable service costs. Further, we evaluate the frameworks based on network deployment cost, data rates, service coverage and accessibility to test their suitability to Tanzania rural environment.

The effects of exposure from electromagnetic radiations of wireless cellular transmission towers to human health have attracted the attention of many researchers. Different works have revealed the harmful of electromagnetic radiation exposure to human health based on distance from the source and period of exposure. As one stays closer and at a pro-longed period from the transmission sites, the possibility of being affected by the radiation source becomes higher. In this work, we review some of the works on assessment of electromagnetic radiation exposure and propose measures for determining safety zones based on the cases of cellular transmission towers in the Tanzania environment to avoid extended exposure to electromagnetic radiation.