Isotopen van broom
Het chemisch element broom (Br), met een atoommassa van 79,904(1) u, bezit 2 stabiele isotopen: 79Br en 81Br, die ongeveer in gelijke mate voorkomen. De overige 30 radio-isotopen zijn instabiel en hebben een relatief korte halveringstijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde).
De kortstlevende isotoop van broom is 69Br, met een halfwaardetijd van minder dan 24 nanoseconden. De langstlevende is 77Br, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 57 uur.
Overzicht
[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]| Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) |
Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitatie-energie | |||||||||
| 66Br | 35 | 31 | p | 65Se | |||||
| 67Br | 35 | 32 | 66,96479(54) | p | 66Se | 1/2− | |||
| 68Br | 35 | 33 | 67,95852(38) | < 1,2 µs | p | 67Se | 3+ | ||
| 69Br | 35 | 34 | 68,95011(11) | < 24 ns | p | 68Se | 1/2− | ||
| 70Br | 35 | 35 | 69,94479(33) | 79,1(8) ms | β+ | 70Se | 0+ | ||
| 70mBr | 2292,2(8) keV | 2,2(2) s | β+ | 70Se | (9+) | ||||
| IT | 70Br | ||||||||
| 71Br | 35 | 36 | 70,93874(61) | 21,4(6) s | β+ | 71Se | 5/2− | ||
| 72Br | 35 | 37 | 71,93664(6) | 78,6(24) s | β+ | 72Se | 1+ | ||
| 72mBr | 100,92(3) keV | 10,6(3) s | IT (> 99,9%) | 72Br | 1− | ||||
| β+ (< 0,1%) | 72Se | ||||||||
| 73Br | 35 | 38 | 72,93169(5) | 3,4(2) min | β+ | 73Se | 1/2− | ||
| 74Br | 35 | 39 | 73,929891(16) | 25,4(3) min | β+ | 74Se | (0−) | ||
| 74mBr | 13,58(21) keV | 46(2) min | β+ | 74Se | 4+ | ||||
| 75Br | 35 | 40 | 74,925776(15) | 96,7(13) min | β+ | 75Se | 3/2− | ||
| 76Br | 35 | 41 | 75,924541(10) | 16,2(2) uur | β+ | 76Se | 1− | ||
| 76mBr | 102,58(3) keV | 1,31(2) s | IT (99,4%) | 76Br | (4)+ | ||||
| β+ (0,6%) | 76Se | ||||||||
| 77Br | 35 | 42 | 76,921379(3) | 57,036(6) uur | β+ | 77Se | 3/2− | ||
| 77mBr | 105,86(8) keV | 4,28(10) min | IT | 77Br | 9/2+ | ||||
| 78Br | 35 | 43 | 77,921146(4) | 6,46(4) min | β+ (99,99%) | 78Se | 1+ | ||
| β− (,01%) | 78Kr | ||||||||
| 78mBr | 180,82(13) keV | 119,2(10) µs | (4+) | ||||||
| 79Br | 35 | 44 | 78,9183371(22) | stabiel | 3/2− | 0,5069(7) | |||
| 79mBr | 207,61(9) keV | 4,86(4) s | IT | 79Br | (9/2+) | ||||
| 80Br | 35 | 45 | 79,9185293(22) | 17,68(2) min | β− (91,7%) | 80Kr | 1+ | ||
| β+ (8,3%) | 80Se | ||||||||
| 80mBr | 85,843(4) keV | 4,4205(8) uur | IT | 80Br | 5− | ||||
| 81Br | 35 | 46 | 80,9162906(21) | stabiel | 3/2− | 0,4931(7) | |||
| 81mBr | 536,20(9) keV | 34,6(28) µs | 9/2+ | ||||||
| 82Br | 35 | 47 | 81,9168041(21) | 35,282(7) uur | β− | 82Kr | 5− | ||
| 82mBr | 45,9492(10) keV | 6,13(5) min | IT | 82Br | 2- | ||||
| β− | 82Kr | ||||||||
| 83Br | 35 | 48 | 82,915180(5) | 2,40(2) uur | β− | 83Kr | 3/2− | ||
| 83mBr | 3068,8(6) keV | 700(100) ns | (19/2−) | ||||||
| 84Br | 35 | 49 | 83,916479(16) | 31,80(8) min | β− | 84Kr | 2− | ||
| 84m1Br | 320(10) keV | 6,0(2) min | β− | 84Kr | 6− | ||||
| 84m2Br | 408,2(4) keV | < 140 ns | 1+ | ||||||
| 85Br | 35 | 50 | 84,915608(21) | 2,90(6) min | β− | 85Kr | 3/2− | ||
| 86Br | 35 | 51 | 85,918798(12) | 55,1(4) s | β− | 86Kr | (2−) | ||
| 87Br | 35 | 52 | 86,920711(19) | 55,65(13) s | β− (97,48%) | 87Kr | 3/2− | ||
| β−, n (2,52%) | 86Kr | ||||||||
| 88Br | 35 | 53 | 87,92407(4) | 16,29(6) s | β− (93,42%) | 88Kr | (2-) | ||
| β−, n (6,48%) | 87Kr | ||||||||
| 88mBr | 272,7(3) keV | 5,4(7) µs | |||||||
| 89Br | 35 | 54 | 88,92639(6) | 4,40(3) s | β− (86,2%) | 89Kr | (3/2−, 5/2−) | ||
| β−, n (13,8%) | 88Kr | ||||||||
| 90Br | 35 | 55 | 89,93063(8) | 1,91(1) s | β− (74,8%) | 90Kr | |||
| β−, n (25,2%) | 89Kr | ||||||||
| 91Br | 35 | 56 | 90,93397(8) | 541(5) ms | β− (80%) | 91Kr | 3/2− | ||
| β−, n (20%) | 90Kr | ||||||||
| 92Br | 35 | 57 | 91,93926(5) | 0,343(15) s | β− (66,9%) | 92Kr | (2−) | ||
| β−, n (33,1%) | 91Kr | ||||||||
| 93Br | 35 | 58 | 92,94305(32) | 102(10) ms | β− (89%) | 93Kr | 3/2− | ||
| β−, n (11%) | 92Kr | ||||||||
| 94Br | 35 | 59 | 93,94868(43) | 70(20) ms | β− (70%) | 94Kr | |||
| β−, n (30%) | 93Kr | ||||||||
| 95Br | 35 | 60 | 94,95287(54) | 50 ms | 3/2− | ||||
| 96Br | 35 | 61 | 95,95853(75) | 20 ms | |||||
| 97Br | 35 | 62 | 96,96280(86) | 10 ms | 3/2− | ||||
Overzicht van isotopen per element
[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]| 1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | 2 | Periodiek systeem | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | He | |||||||||
| 2 | Li | Be | De links verwijzen naar isotopen per element | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||
| 3 | Na | Mg | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
| 4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
| 5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
| 6 | Cs | Ba | ↓ | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
| 7 | Fr | Ra | ↓↓ | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
| Lanthaniden | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
| Actiniden | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
- (en) R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (online versie van de cd-rom)
- (en) G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuclear Physics A, 729, pp. 3-128
- (en) J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75 (6), pp. 683–800
- (en) M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
- (en) David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859
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