Moses Fayngold
New Jersey Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Department Member
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT An analysis has been made of a planar channeling of high energy positrons along the entrance face of a single crystal. Surface channeling (SC) occurs when the incident positron beam makes, in contrast with the conventional... more
ABSTRACT An analysis has been made of a planar channeling of high energy positrons along the entrance face of a single crystal. Surface channeling (SC) occurs when the incident positron beam makes, in contrast with the conventional scheme, a small angle with the edges of the tightly packed crystalline planes and thereby with the entrance face. The Doppler-shifted photons, emitted in SC in the forward directions can multiply because of the substantial increase in the length of the corresponding active zone formed of the SC positrons. Yet still more energetic photons can be observed in the transverse and backward directions to the positron beam. These are the photons initially emitted in forward direction and then coherently scattered by the lattice through the crystal surface. Such radiation from the surface must be observed for the wave lengths lambda < 2 a, where a is the corresponding lattice constant. Its intensity distribution is a sensitive function of the positron energy, incident beam orientation relative to the crystal, and the surface geometry. In contrast to the conventional X-ray diffraction technique, SC radiation is emitted from the very thin subsurface layer of the crystal, which could make it a prospective tool for surface characterization.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT A theoretical model is presented for detecting very small (less than size of an atom) distortions of a dielectric microsphere at distances beyond the resolution limit of an imaging optical system. The method described involves... more
ABSTRACT A theoretical model is presented for detecting very small (less than size of an atom) distortions of a dielectric microsphere at distances beyond the resolution limit of an imaging optical system. The method described involves illumination of the object with the circularly polarized light and the ellipsometry of the backscattered light. Comparing the results for right and left polarizations of the incident light gives also information of the spatial attitude (orientation) of the deformed sphere.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Embryonic Quantum Mechanics: Basic Features Playing with the Amplitudes Representations and the Hilbert Space Angular Momentum Evolution of Quantum States Indeterminacy Revisited "Submissive" Quantum Mechanics Quantum Statistics... more
Embryonic Quantum Mechanics: Basic Features Playing with the Amplitudes Representations and the Hilbert Space Angular Momentum Evolution of Quantum States Indeterminacy Revisited "Submissive" Quantum Mechanics Quantum Statistics Second Quantization Quantum Mechanics and Measurements Quantum Non-Locality Quantum Measurements and POVMs Quantum Information Quantum Gates Quantum Key Distribution
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT The features of light interaction with a molecule resting near an interface may change dramatically when the molecule is moving. If an excited molecule approaches a conducting surface, there is a non-zero probability for the... more
ABSTRACT The features of light interaction with a molecule resting near an interface may change dramatically when the molecule is moving. If an excited molecule approaches a conducting surface, there is a non-zero probability for the light emission to be reversed into absorption. This is caused by Doppler blue shift in the reflected light seen by the molecule. As a result, the molecule in a final state may have higher exitation energy than it had initially. The probability for such process peaks sharply at the velocities corresponding to the resonant conditions for light absorption. The extra excitation energy is taken from the molecule's kinetic energy. A molecule receding from the interface will see the red-shifted reflected light. This can also drive the molecule into an excited final state, though with lower energy. The rest of the initial excitation energy will go for the molecule's acceleration. These processes may be greatly enhanced for certain geometries leading to the focusing of the reflected field on the molecule's path.
Research Interests: APS and Kinetic Energy
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Physics, Medicine, Thin Film, Physical, Spectrum, and 3 moreTwo Dimensions, cutoff, and Stationary State
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The wave-particle duality, one of the bedrocks of Quantum Mechanics, is supported by overwhelming scientific evidence. Theory unveils its various aspects including complex quantum-classical relationships, and numerous experiments... more
The wave-particle duality, one of the bedrocks of Quantum Mechanics, is supported by overwhelming scientific evidence. Theory unveils its various aspects including complex quantum-classical relationships, and numerous experiments performed up to now confirm theoretical predictions. Nevertheless, there are still lively debates on this topic. One of the controversial viewpoints denies the reality of particles and proclaims only fields as the cornerstone of the world. Presented below are my comments on the “Only Fields” interpretation of Quantum Physics. The analysis shows inner inconsistencies in its terminology and conceptual structure.
Research Interests:
Known experiments with the path-entangled photon pairs are considered here under more general conditions widely broadening the domain of used bases. Starting from symmetric beamsplitters and equally-weighted superposition in the initial... more
Known experiments with the path-entangled photon pairs are considered here under more general conditions widely broadening the domain of used bases. Starting from symmetric beamsplitters and equally-weighted superposition in the initial setup, we allow arbitrary beam-splitters and in addition insert the new elementsabsorptive plates. The first innovation allows one to vary the amplitudes of local interferences. The second one enables the experimenter to monitor the nonlocal superposition amplitudes, thus varying the entanglement strength from maximal to zero. The generalized scheme reveals an interesting effect: the local coherence observed for independent photons disappears already at infinitesimally weak entanglement between them. Mathematically, local coherence turns out to be a discontinuous function of entanglement strength. The same features are unveiled for a quite different systemspin-entangled fermion pair. We can thus conjecture a general rule of "total mutual intolerance" between local coherence and entanglement: any local coherence must vanish completely not only at maximal, but even at arbitrarily weak entanglement between members of a studied pair. Altogether, the generalized thought experiment shows that coherence transfer is a complicated phenomenon with common features for various bi-partite systems and different types of observables.
Key words: superluminal signaling, tachyons, the information flow
Detailed analysis of behavior of spin-entangled particle pairs under arbitrary rotations in their Hilbert space has been performed. It shows a rich range of varieties (faces) of entanglement in different bases. Analytic criteria are... more
Detailed analysis of behavior of spin-entangled particle pairs under arbitrary rotations in their Hilbert space has been performed. It shows a rich range of varieties (faces) of entanglement in different bases. Analytic criteria are obtained for the respective faces of an entangled state. The corresponding conditions generally depend on both the state itself and the chosen basis. The most important result is revealing a deep analogy between a spin-entangled electronic qubit pair and momentum-entangled photon pair. Both cases exhibit coherence transfer from individual particles to nonlocal state of the system. This analogy allows us to predict certain features of the interference patterns in spin-entangled qubit pairs.
Research Interests:
Known experiments with the path entangled photon pairs are considered under more general conditions widely broadening the domain of used bases. Starting from equally weighted superposition and symmetric beam-splitters in the initial... more
Known experiments with the path entangled photon pairs are considered under more general conditions widely broadening the domain of used bases. Starting from equally weighted superposition and symmetric beam-splitters in the initial setup, we insert the new elements, namely, absorptive plates, and in addition, admit arbitrary beam splitters. The first innovation allows one to monitor the nonlocal superposition amplitudes, thus varying the entanglement strength from maximal to zero. The second one enables the experimenter to vary the amplitudes of local interferences. The generalized scheme reveals an interesting effect: the local coherence observed for independent photons disappears completely already at infinitesimally weak entanglement between them. Mathematically, it turns out to be a discontinuous function of entanglement strength. The same rules are unveiled for a quite different system: spin entangled fermion pair. The conclusion is made that coherence transfer is a complicate...
Research Interests:
This is an analysis of some aspects of an old but still controversial topic, superluminal quantum tunneling. Some features of quantum tunneling described in literature, such as definition of the tunneling time and a frequency range of a... more
This is an analysis of some aspects of an old but still controversial topic, superluminal quantum tunneling. Some features of quantum tunneling described in literature, such as definition of the tunneling time and a frequency range of a signal, are discussed. The argument is presented that claim of superluminal signaling allegedly observed in frustrated internal reflection experiment was based on the wrong interpretation of the tunneling process. A thought experiment similar to that in the Tolman paradox is discussed. It shows that a new factor, attenuation, comes in the interplay between tunneled signals and macroscopic causality.
A state of a single particle can be represented by a quantum blob in the corresponding phase space, or by a cell in its 2-D subspace. Its area is frequently stated to be no less than one half of the Plank constant, implying that such a... more
A state of a single particle can be represented by a quantum blob in the corresponding phase space, or by a cell in its 2-D subspace. Its area is frequently stated to be no less than one half of the Plank constant, implying that such a cell is an indivisible quantum of the 2-D phase space. But this is generally not true, as is evident, for instance, from representation of some states in the basis of innately discrete observables like angular momentum. Here we consider some dispersed states involving the evanescent waves (EW) different from that in the total internal reflection. Such states are represented by a set of separated point-like cells, but with a large total indeterminacy. An idealized model has a discrete Wigner function forming an infinite periodic array of dots on the phase plane. The question about the total momentum indeterminacy in such state is discussed. We argue that the transverse momentum eigenstates corresponding to the considered EW-s cannot be singled out by a...
Research Interests:
Relativistic kinematics is usually considered only as a manifestation of pseudo-Euclidean (Lorentzian) geometry of space-time. However, as it is explicitly stated in General Relativity, the geometry itself depends on dynamics,... more
Relativistic kinematics is usually considered only as a manifestation of pseudo-Euclidean (Lorentzian) geometry of space-time. However, as it is explicitly stated in General Relativity, the geometry itself depends on dynamics, specifically, on the energy-momentum tensor. We discuss a few examples, which illustrate the dynamical aspect of the length-contraction effect within the framework of Special Relativity. We show some pitfalls associated with direct application of the length contraction formula in cases when an extended object is accelerated. Our analysis reveals intimate connections between length contraction and the dynamics of internal forces within the accelerated system. The developed approach is used to analyze the correlation between two congruent disks - one stationary and one rotating (the Ehrenfest paradox). Specifically, we consider the transition of a disk from the state of rest to a spinning state under the applied forces. It reveals the underlying physical mechani...
Research Interests:
Relativistic kinematics is usually considered only as a manifestation of pseudo-Euclidean (Lorentzian) geometry of space-time. However, as it is explicitly stated in General Relativity, the geometry itself depends on dynamics,... more
Relativistic kinematics is usually considered only as a manifestation of pseudo-Euclidean (Lorentzian) geometry of space-time. However, as it is explicitly stated in General Relativity, the geometry itself depends on dynamics, specifically, on the energy-momentum tensor. We discuss a few examples, which illustrate the dynamical aspect of the length-contraction effect within the framework of Special Relativity. We show some pitfalls associated with direct application of the length contraction formula in cases when an extended object is accelerated. Our analysis reveals intimate connections between length contraction and the dynamics of internal forces within the accelerated system. The developed approach is used to analyze the correlation between two congruent disks - one stationary and one rotating (the Ehrenfest paradox). Specifically, we consider the transition of a disk from the state of rest to a spinning state under the applied forces. It reveals the underlying physical mechani...
Research Interests:
So far, none of the known and confirmed experiments have cast any doubts on foundations of special relativity (SR) (see, e.g., experiments on superluminal quantum tunneling [1-3]). The same is true regarding the impact of quantum... more
So far, none of the known and confirmed experiments have cast any doubts on foundations of special relativity (SR) (see, e.g., experiments on superluminal quantum tunneling [1-3]). The same is true regarding the impact of quantum non-locality; as we know it today, in no way does it challenge SR [4, 5]. In this brief comment we argue that even if the superluminal neutrinos do exist, this fact by itself will not overturn Relativity.
Research Interests:
Detailed analysis of behavior of spin-entangled particle pairs under arbitrary rotations in their Hilbert space has been performed. It shows a rich range of varieties (faces) of entanglement in different bases. Analytic criteria are... more
Detailed analysis of behavior of spin-entangled particle pairs under arbitrary rotations in their Hilbert space has been performed. It shows a rich range of varieties (faces) of entanglement in different bases. Analytic criteria are obtained for the respective faces of an entangled state. The corresponding conditions generally depend on both the state itself and the chosen basis. The most important result is revealing a deep analogy between a spin-entangled electronic qubit pair and momentum-entangled photon pair. Both cases exhibit coherence transfer from individual particles to nonlocal state of the system. This analogy allows us to predict certain features of the interference patterns in spin-entangled qubit pairs.
Research Interests: Mathematics and Physics
A new causal paradox in superluminal signaling is presented. In contrast to the Tolman paradox with tachyon exchange between two parties, the new paradox appears already in a one-way superluminal signaling, even without creating the time... more
A new causal paradox in superluminal signaling is presented. In contrast to the Tolman paradox with tachyon exchange between two parties, the new paradox appears already in a one-way superluminal signaling, even without creating the time loop. This produces a universal ban on superluminal signals, which is stronger than the ban imposed by the Tolman paradox. The analysis also shows that records of evolution of a superluminal object observed from two different reference frames may be time-reversed with respect to each other. Interactions with such objects could add some new features to spectroscopy. Even though relativity embraces superluminal motions, thus making the world symmetric with respect to the invariant speed barrier, their ineptness for signaling makes the symmetry incomplete. Key words: superluminal signaling, tachyons, the Tolman paradox
Research Interests:
Quantum nonlocality which is conventionally invoked for describing a composite entangled system is shown here to be a possible important characteristic of a single quantum object. To this end, we analyze some interactions of a single... more
Quantum nonlocality which is conventionally invoked for describing a composite entangled system is shown here to be a possible important characteristic of a single quantum object. To this end, we analyze some interactions of a single photon released from Fabry-Perot resonator with environment. The split photon state with oppositely moving parts is shown to obey quantum nonlocality despite the sharp edges truncating each part. Photon’s post-release reflection from a plane mirror is considered. The changing shape of the form during reflection contains moving discontinuities in electric and magnetic components of the pulse. They originate from preexisting edges of the form and move together, first away from and then back to the mirror. At the end of the process, the pulse restores its original shape, with electric component reversed. Altogether, the process demonstrates conservation of moving discontinuities. The considered experimental setup may be used for some new versions of a dela...
Research Interests:
We scrutinize congruence as one of the basic definitions of equality in geometry and pit it against physics of Special Relativity. We show that two non-rigid rods permanently kept congruent during their common expansion or compression may... more
We scrutinize congruence as one of the basic definitions of equality in geometry and pit it against physics of Special Relativity. We show that two non-rigid rods permanently kept congruent during their common expansion or compression may have different instantaneous proper lengths (when measured at the same time of their respective reference clocks) if they have different mass distributions over their lengths. Alternatively, their proper lengths can come out equal only when measured at different but strictly correlated moments of time of their respective clocks. The derived expression for the ratio of instantaneous proper lengths of two permanently congruent changing objects explicitly contains information about the objects mass distribution. The same is true for the ratio of readings of the two reference clocks, for which the instantaneous measurements of respective proper lengths produce the same result. In either case the characteristics usually considered as purely kinematic de...
Research Interests:
Known experiments with the path entangled photon pairs are considered under more general conditions widely broadening the domain of used bases. Starting from equally weighted superposition and symmetric beam-splitters in the initial... more
Known experiments with the path entangled photon pairs are considered under more general conditions widely broadening the domain of used bases. Starting from equally weighted superposition and symmetric beam-splitters in the initial setup, we insert the new elements, namely, absorptive plates, and in addition, admit arbitrary beam splitters. The first innovation allows one to monitor the nonlocal superposition amplitudes, thus varying the entanglement strength from maximal to zero. The second one enables the experimenter to vary the amplitudes of local interferences. The generalized scheme reveals an interesting effect: the local coherence observed for independent photons disappears completely already at infinitesimally weak entanglement between them. Mathematically, it turns out to be a discontinuous function of entanglement strength. The same rules are unveiled for a quite different system: spin entangled fermion pair. The conclusion is made that coherence transfer is a complicate...
Research Interests:
This is a response to the note criticizing my paper "A New Paradox in Superluminal Signaling." The criticism is based, among other things, on arbitrarily postulated statement about invariance of direction of superluminal information... more
This is a response to the note criticizing my paper "A New Paradox in Superluminal Signaling." The criticism is based, among other things, on arbitrarily postulated statement about invariance of direction of superluminal information transfer. The analysis presented in my response shows the absence of any grounds for such statement and confirms my original proof of the impossibility of one-way superluminal signaling. The analysis also unveils many other inconsistencies in the discussed note and shows that all its criticism is unsubstantiated.