Jean-Marc Gagnon
SPECIALTIES
•Zoology.
•Marine ecology and biology.
•Taxonomy and ecology of marine benthic invertebrates (particularly polychaetes, molluscs, crustacean isopods and amphipods, echinoderms).
•Environmental impact studies – Multivariate Analyses.
•Natural history collections management.
PROJECTS
Taxonomy
•Description of a new species of Giant File Clam (Mollusca; Bivalvia, Limidae; Acesta nov. sp.) from the northwestern Atlantic.
•Description of a new species of marine worm (Annelida; Polychaeta; Chaetopteridae; Chaetopterus nov. sp.) from the St. Lawrence estuary.
•Morphological and genetic variations among populations of the Lady Crab (Crustacea; Decapoda; Portunidae; Ovalipes ocellatus) along the east coast of North America.
Ecology
•Mesocosm observations of the burrowing shrimp Calocaris templemani (Decapoda: Thalassinidea) and its bioturbation activities in soft sediments of the Laurentian Trough.
•Temporal variations in the structure of deepwater benthic invertebrate community from the St. Lawrence Estuary maintained in mesocosm experiments.
•Ecology of scavenging amphipods (Crustacea: Peracarida; Gammaridea; Anonyx spp.) from deepwater benthic communities in the St. Lawrence Estuary.
•Bioturbation by invertebrates from deepwater benthic communities in the St. Lawrence Estuary, and its impact on chemical burial.
Functional Morphology
•Spine morphology associated with burrowing behaviour in the heart urchin Brisaster fragilis (Echinodermata; Echinoidea; Spatangoida).
•The functional relationship between burrowing (ghost) shrimps morphology (Thalassinidea; Callianassidae) and their burrow architecture.
Collections
• President of the Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections (www.spnhc.org)
•Organizating and hosting the 25th annual meeting of the Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections (SPNHC), Ottawa 2010.
•Canadian Museum of Nature Bryozoa slide collection project: When Byne’s Disease Attacks Bryozoans.
Professional Services
•Taxonomic identification of marine benthic invertebrates – Canadian East and Arctic coasts.
•Environmental impact studies – marine benthos.
•Producer of plastic PET containers for museum objects.
EDUCATION
•Postdoctoral Research, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-Océanologie), Rimouski, 1993-94.
Subject: Environmental impacts of dredged sediments from seaports on benthic communities at offshore dumping sites. Supervisor: Dr. Georges Drapeau
•Postdoctoral Research, Université du Québec à Rimouski / Institut Maurice-Lamontagne,1991-93.
Subject: Study of marine benthic invertebrates and sediment bioturbation in mesocosms., Supervisor: Dr. Norman Silverberg.
•Ph.D., Marine Ecology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Department of Biology, 1991.
Thesis title: The significance of body size and foraging mode in the structuring of Marine soft bottom polychaete assemblages, Supervisor: Dr. Richard L. Haedrich.
•M.Sc., Marine Ecology, Université de Montréal, Département de Sciences Biologiques, 1983.
Thesis title: Cycle de développement, écologie et succès d'Anonyx makarovi, amphipode gammaridien nécrophage saisonnier dans le circa-littoral de deux écosystemes du Golfe du Saint Laurent, Supervisor: Dr. Pierre Brunel.
•B.Sc., Biological Sciences (Zoology concentration). Université de Montréal, Département de Sciences Biologiques, 1980.
Honours title: Cycle de développement de Munnopsis typica (Crustacea, Isopoda) dans la nappe profonde de l'estuaire maritime du St-Laurent, Supervisor: Dr. Pierre Brunel.
Phone: 613-364-4066
Address: Canadian Museum of Nature
P.O. Box 3443, Station D
Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4
CANADA
•Zoology.
•Marine ecology and biology.
•Taxonomy and ecology of marine benthic invertebrates (particularly polychaetes, molluscs, crustacean isopods and amphipods, echinoderms).
•Environmental impact studies – Multivariate Analyses.
•Natural history collections management.
PROJECTS
Taxonomy
•Description of a new species of Giant File Clam (Mollusca; Bivalvia, Limidae; Acesta nov. sp.) from the northwestern Atlantic.
•Description of a new species of marine worm (Annelida; Polychaeta; Chaetopteridae; Chaetopterus nov. sp.) from the St. Lawrence estuary.
•Morphological and genetic variations among populations of the Lady Crab (Crustacea; Decapoda; Portunidae; Ovalipes ocellatus) along the east coast of North America.
Ecology
•Mesocosm observations of the burrowing shrimp Calocaris templemani (Decapoda: Thalassinidea) and its bioturbation activities in soft sediments of the Laurentian Trough.
•Temporal variations in the structure of deepwater benthic invertebrate community from the St. Lawrence Estuary maintained in mesocosm experiments.
•Ecology of scavenging amphipods (Crustacea: Peracarida; Gammaridea; Anonyx spp.) from deepwater benthic communities in the St. Lawrence Estuary.
•Bioturbation by invertebrates from deepwater benthic communities in the St. Lawrence Estuary, and its impact on chemical burial.
Functional Morphology
•Spine morphology associated with burrowing behaviour in the heart urchin Brisaster fragilis (Echinodermata; Echinoidea; Spatangoida).
•The functional relationship between burrowing (ghost) shrimps morphology (Thalassinidea; Callianassidae) and their burrow architecture.
Collections
• President of the Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections (www.spnhc.org)
•Organizating and hosting the 25th annual meeting of the Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections (SPNHC), Ottawa 2010.
•Canadian Museum of Nature Bryozoa slide collection project: When Byne’s Disease Attacks Bryozoans.
Professional Services
•Taxonomic identification of marine benthic invertebrates – Canadian East and Arctic coasts.
•Environmental impact studies – marine benthos.
•Producer of plastic PET containers for museum objects.
EDUCATION
•Postdoctoral Research, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-Océanologie), Rimouski, 1993-94.
Subject: Environmental impacts of dredged sediments from seaports on benthic communities at offshore dumping sites. Supervisor: Dr. Georges Drapeau
•Postdoctoral Research, Université du Québec à Rimouski / Institut Maurice-Lamontagne,1991-93.
Subject: Study of marine benthic invertebrates and sediment bioturbation in mesocosms., Supervisor: Dr. Norman Silverberg.
•Ph.D., Marine Ecology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Department of Biology, 1991.
Thesis title: The significance of body size and foraging mode in the structuring of Marine soft bottom polychaete assemblages, Supervisor: Dr. Richard L. Haedrich.
•M.Sc., Marine Ecology, Université de Montréal, Département de Sciences Biologiques, 1983.
Thesis title: Cycle de développement, écologie et succès d'Anonyx makarovi, amphipode gammaridien nécrophage saisonnier dans le circa-littoral de deux écosystemes du Golfe du Saint Laurent, Supervisor: Dr. Pierre Brunel.
•B.Sc., Biological Sciences (Zoology concentration). Université de Montréal, Département de Sciences Biologiques, 1980.
Honours title: Cycle de développement de Munnopsis typica (Crustacea, Isopoda) dans la nappe profonde de l'estuaire maritime du St-Laurent, Supervisor: Dr. Pierre Brunel.
Phone: 613-364-4066
Address: Canadian Museum of Nature
P.O. Box 3443, Station D
Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4
CANADA
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Papers by Jean-Marc Gagnon
Key words: Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, deep-water canyons, geometric morphometrics, shape analysis, COI
Résumé
Nous analysons la variabilité morphologique et génétique intra- et interspécifique de sept espèces d’Acesta et de spécimens récemment collectés dans le nord-ouest de l'Atlantique en utilisant des mesures morphologiques traditionnelles, la morphométrie géométrique et la séquence de la sous-unité 1 du gène de la cytochrome c oxydase (gène COI), avec un accent particulier sur les espèces de l'Atlantique Nord. La morphologie de la coquille et son apparence externe ne permettent pas une distinction fiable entre l'espèce bien connue de l’Atlantique nord-est, A. excavata, et d'autres espèces ou populations d’Acesta de l'Atlantique nord-ouest, à l'exception d’A. oophaga. De même, l'analyse de la forme révèle une grande variabilité au sein d’A. excavata et un chevauchement morphologique significative avec A. bullisi du Golfe du Mexique et A. rathbuni du Pacifique sud-ouest et du sud de la Mer de Chine. La forme de la coquille des spécimens de l’Atlantique nord-ouest et nord-central est marginalement similaire à celle d’A. excavata. Ces différences sont au moins en partie liées au déplacement antérieur ou postérieur du corps de la coquille et le déplacement opposé de la région dorsale, de la charnière et de la partie supérieure de la lunule. Ces variations morphologiques, ainsi que le ratio de la ligne médiane, expliquent une grande partie de la variabilité extraite par l’analyse en composantes principales. Les résultats de l’approche de code-barres génétique avec l'ADN mitochondrial (COI), cependant, suggèrent que les spécimens de l'Atlantique
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Key words: Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, deep-water canyons, geometric morphometrics, shape analysis, COI
Résumé
Nous analysons la variabilité morphologique et génétique intra- et interspécifique de sept espèces d’Acesta et de spécimens récemment collectés dans le nord-ouest de l'Atlantique en utilisant des mesures morphologiques traditionnelles, la morphométrie géométrique et la séquence de la sous-unité 1 du gène de la cytochrome c oxydase (gène COI), avec un accent particulier sur les espèces de l'Atlantique Nord. La morphologie de la coquille et son apparence externe ne permettent pas une distinction fiable entre l'espèce bien connue de l’Atlantique nord-est, A. excavata, et d'autres espèces ou populations d’Acesta de l'Atlantique nord-ouest, à l'exception d’A. oophaga. De même, l'analyse de la forme révèle une grande variabilité au sein d’A. excavata et un chevauchement morphologique significative avec A. bullisi du Golfe du Mexique et A. rathbuni du Pacifique sud-ouest et du sud de la Mer de Chine. La forme de la coquille des spécimens de l’Atlantique nord-ouest et nord-central est marginalement similaire à celle d’A. excavata. Ces différences sont au moins en partie liées au déplacement antérieur ou postérieur du corps de la coquille et le déplacement opposé de la région dorsale, de la charnière et de la partie supérieure de la lunule. Ces variations morphologiques, ainsi que le ratio de la ligne médiane, expliquent une grande partie de la variabilité extraite par l’analyse en composantes principales. Les résultats de l’approche de code-barres génétique avec l'ADN mitochondrial (COI), cependant, suggèrent que les spécimens de l'Atlantique
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The value of each approach in characterizing community structure is
evaluated in part by the amount of variation explained by the relationship
between the biological and environmental data, and by the statistical
significance of this relationship as determined by Monte Carlo tests. The
recognition of homogeneous groupings of samples based on faunal composition and environmental conditions, however, tends to weigh more heavily in this evaluation. With one exception, all functional and taxonomic approaches show statistically significant patterns. The approach based on feeding microhabitat indicates that this biological attribute of marine benthic polychaetes may not play an important role in the structuring of their communities. The functional approach that comprises all functional attributes (i.e. foraging attributes and body size) provides the most meaningful ecological characterization of
community structure. In this functional approach, groups of samples along the faunal gradients are strongly associated with large-scale topographic features of the Labrador continental shelf and upper slope. Although the taxonomic approach yields similar results, it does not appear to be as efficient in distinguishing between sample points in multivariate analyses. In functional approaches, interpretation of the results in terms of community structure is greatly facilitated by the direct use of ecological attributes such as foraging mode and body size.
About half the variation in the biological data can be explained by variables such as water depth, current regime, sediment grain size and benthic biomasses which are associated with two major environmental gradients extracted by Redundancy Analysis. The effect of other biotic and abiotic factors on benthic community structure is discussed. The remaining variability in the biological data unaccounted for in this study may be explained by these factors, other unidentified processes and noise. The spatial scales at which the biological and environmental data are collected may also influence the outcome of a multivariate analysis and its interpretation.