Martin Wihoda
Masaryk University, Filozofická fakulta, Faculty Member
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The beginnings of the bishopric of Prague have been among the questions of eternal recurrence for years. This study offers a new perspective on the conditions that influenced the foundation of the bishopric. It seems that Prague's... more
The beginnings of the bishopric of Prague have been among the questions of eternal recurrence for years. This study offers a new perspective on the conditions that influenced the foundation of the bishopric. It seems that Prague's subordination to Mainz was a pragmatic concession with which Otto II wanted to settle the strained relations with the Metropolitan of Mainz, who lost part of his revenues and the missionary space behind the eastern bank of the Elbe by founding a new archbishopric in Magdeburg. Last but not least, the archbishop of Mainz - if only because he was the primas Germanie - automatically drew the bishop of Prague into what was happening on the imperial soil.
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The study ponders the contradiction between the period significance of a set of documents from 1212, known today as the Golden Bull of Sicily, and its position in the present discourse of Czech sites of memory. It notes that the Golden... more
The study ponders the contradiction between the period significance of a set of documents from 1212, known today as the Golden Bull of Sicily, and its position in the present discourse of Czech sites of memory. It notes that the Golden Bull of Sicily is an agreement between a feudal lord and a vassal, namely future King of the Romans Frederick II of Sicily and King of Bohemia Ottokar I. Today, however, it is presented to the Czech public as a document of extraordinary national- and constitutional-law significance. The study shows the transformations of Czech historical thought that the Golden Bull of Sicily only became a site of memory in the twentieth century, in connection with the defense of the Czech state and national independence against Nazi Germany on the eve of the Second World War.
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Charlemagne and his successors tried to secure the eastern borders of the Frankish Empire in two ways: First through Christianization and through a system of oaths and tribute obligations. However when it was advantageous, they concluded... more
Charlemagne and his successors tried to secure the eastern borders of the Frankish Empire in two ways: First through Christianization and through a system of oaths and tribute obligations. However when it was advantageous, they concluded also pragmatic alliances. In their fights with the Saxons, they became allied with the pagan Obodrites; in the case of the Bohemians/Czechs, they made do with the tribute; from the Moymirids, on the other hand, they extorted oaths of allegiance. They interfered into internal affairs, especially skirmishes between individual clans, mainly as mediators and arbitrators. Direct interventions, because of limited resources and an uncertain outcome, were considered only in exceptional cases.
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Studie je věnovana proměnam historickeho mysleni Frantiska Grause, významne osobnosti povalecneho ceskeho a středoevropskeho dějepisectvi. Vsima si jeho postupne nazorove proměny od dogmatika stalinskeho typu až po historika blizkeho... more
Studie je věnovana proměnam historickeho mysleni Frantiska Grause, významne osobnosti povalecneho ceskeho a středoevropskeho dějepisectvi. Vsima si jeho postupne nazorove proměny od dogmatika stalinskeho typu až po historika blizkeho zasadam skoly Annales.
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Studie se pokousi odpovědět na otazku, proc se Kosmas, autor Kroniky Cechů, kriticky stavěl k prvnimu ceskemu krali Vratislavovi (1085-1091) a jeho koncepci panovnicke moci.
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Studie je věnovana reformam olomouckeho biskupa Jindřicha Zdika, který se za sveho episkopatu (1126-1150) pokusil prosadit zasady nove zbožnosti mezi ceským a moravským klerem. Jeho plany se vsak nepodařilo prosadit a byly doceněny teprve... more
Studie je věnovana reformam olomouckeho biskupa Jindřicha Zdika, který se za sveho episkopatu (1126-1150) pokusil prosadit zasady nove zbožnosti mezi ceským a moravským klerem. Jeho plany se vsak nepodařilo prosadit a byly doceněny teprve v průběhu 13. a 14. stoleti.
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Studie je věnovana dvorskemu prostředi zejmena za markrabat Vladislava Jindřicha (1198-1222) a Přemysla (1227-1239). Mimo jine dospěla k zavěru, že se jejich vnitřni uspořadani bližilo ceskem poměrům. Take na Moravě se dvorske děni... more
Studie je věnovana dvorskemu prostředi zejmena za markrabat Vladislava Jindřicha (1198-1222) a Přemysla (1227-1239). Mimo jine dospěla k zavěru, že se jejich vnitřni uspořadani bližilo ceskem poměrům. Take na Moravě se dvorske děni soustřeďovalo kolem uřadů stolnika, cisnika a stolby, ktere byly vybaveny stabilnimi přijmy (beneficium), jež zůstaly zachovany i v dobach, kdy Morava neměla markraběte.
Jedna se o výbor z dila profesora Žemlicky vydaneho u přiležitosti jeho sedmdesatých narozenin.
Studie je věnovana moravským knižatům 11. a 12. stoleti, ktera měla podil na výkonu zeměpanských prav, nicmeně mocenský primat a posledni slovo naležely ceskemu knižeti. To se take projevilo při převodech majetku a různých donacich.... more
Studie je věnovana moravským knižatům 11. a 12. stoleti, ktera měla podil na výkonu zeměpanských prav, nicmeně mocenský primat a posledni slovo naležely ceskemu knižeti. To se take projevilo při převodech majetku a různých donacich. Přislusný souhlas mohl být dan ustně, ovsem jestě před koncem 11. stoleti se tak dělo prostřednictvim konfirmacnich listin.
Jedna se o výbor z dila profesora Jana Klapstě vydaneho u přiležitosti jeho sedmdesatých narozenin.
Studie je věnovana rozboru privilegia Mocran et Mocran pro moravskeho markraběte Vladislava Jindřicha. Sleduje udalosti, ktere bezprostředně předchazely vydani privilegia a ovlivnily jeho obsah.
Studie je věnovana osudům premonstratskeho klastera, který byl založen na pocatku 13. stoleti v lese Střelna na severni Moravě, kratce osazen premonstraty z Hradiska u Olomouce a který zanikl nedlouho před rokem 1250.The article deals... more
Studie je věnovana osudům premonstratskeho klastera, který byl založen na pocatku 13. stoleti v lese Střelna na severni Moravě, kratce osazen premonstraty z Hradiska u Olomouce a který zanikl nedlouho před rokem 1250.The article deals with the history of the Premonstratensian monastery founded at the beginning of the 13th century in the forest Střelna in North Moravia. The monastery was inhabited for a short time by the Premonstratensians from Hradisko near Olomouc and declined shortly before 1250.
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The study shows, on the example of the Zvíkov / Klingenberg castle in southern Bohemia, how the concept of alleged "Staufer imperial architecture" was created in the 20th century.
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Moravska mise pasovskeho biskupa Wolfgera z Erly: Studie je věnovana cestě pasovskeho biskupa Wolfgera do Rakous na přelomu let 1203 a 1204, během nichž biskup vyjednaval s moravským markrabětem Vladislavem Jindřichem a ceským kralem... more
Moravska mise pasovskeho biskupa Wolfgera z Erly: Studie je věnovana cestě pasovskeho biskupa Wolfgera do Rakous na přelomu let 1203 a 1204, během nichž biskup vyjednaval s moravským markrabětem Vladislavem Jindřichem a ceským kralem Přemyslem Otakarem I. Mnohe napovida, že se na Moravě v poslednich týndech roku 1203 probiral možný navrat ceskeho krale a jeho spoluvladce moravskeho markraběte do staufskeho tabora.
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ABSTRACT
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The manuscript today preserved at the Royal Premonstratensian Monastery of Strahov in Prague, under the shelfmark DF III 1, has attracted the attention of historians since the Enlightenment. Its most important section, which has been... more
The manuscript today preserved at the Royal Premonstratensian Monastery of Strahov in Prague, under the shelfmark DF III 1, has attracted the attention of historians since the Enlightenment. Its most important section, which has been edited several times, carries the annals of the Prague canon Vincent, together with the continuations of Abbot Gerlach of Mühlhausen and one of the earliest copies of the history of Emperor Frederich Barbarossa’s crusade to the Holy Land. To date, however, the purposes underlying this assembly of material have hardly been considered. Marginal notes show that Abbot Gerlach arranged for the copying of these pieces, and that he did so in the period between 1214 and 1222. At this time, the fierce if unsuccessful efforts of the bishop of Prague to enforce his diocesan authority and the related decrees of the Fourth Lateran Council had brought turmoil to the ecclesiastical and political environment of Bohemia. These struggles extended to the Premonstratensians of Bohemia, who were experiencing their own internal crisis of religious discipline. Gerlach, as one of the bishop’s few supporters, assembled these items with a view towards building a chronicle that might remind the Premonstratensians of their original identity.
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The complex relationship of the first Bohemian kingdoms to the values of ducal Bohemia is one of the important, but nevertheless somewhat neglected topics of critical historiography. Earlier research had indeed been able to identify the... more
The complex relationship of the first Bohemian kingdoms to the values of ducal Bohemia is one of the important, but nevertheless somewhat neglected topics of critical historiography. Earlier research had indeed been able to identify the legitimising role of Přemyslid mythology and also in part of the symbolics and rituals of ducal Bohemia, but here research stalled and for this reason it is not clear what the ideological and policy basis of the first Bohemian kingdoms was, that is, of Vratislav (1085/6-1092) and Vladislav (1158-1173), and for this reason it is not entirely clear why these kingdoms were rejected by the Czech lords and why it was only the concept of Přemysl Otakar I that was eventually successful (from 1198). Research thus defined, based on comparison of the values of ducal and royal Bohemia respectively, offers hitherto unused possibilities for understanding the development and changes in sovereign power, rituals, symbolics and places of memory, not only in the Bohemian context, but also in that of wider Central Europe.
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Der vorliegender Band versammelt ausgewählte Werkstattberichte und Vorträge, die anläßlich des 200-jährigen Bestehens der MGH im Jubiläumsjahr 2019 gehalten wurden. Unter der Überschrift „Einblicke in die ‚Werkstatt‘ der Editoren“... more
Der vorliegender Band versammelt ausgewählte Werkstattberichte und Vorträge, die anläßlich des 200-jährigen Bestehens der MGH im Jubiläumsjahr 2019 gehalten wurden. Unter der Überschrift „Einblicke in die ‚Werkstatt‘ der Editoren“ berichten Theo Kölzer (Bonn), Wilfried Hartmann (Tübingen/München), Alexander Patschovsky (Konstanz/ München), Michael Menzel (Berlin) und Bernd Posselt (München) vom Endstehen und Werden ganz unterschiedlicher Editionsprojekte. Klaus Herbers (Erlangen), Karl Borchardt (München), Benedikt Marxreiter (München), Martin Wihoda (Brünn – CZ) und Arno Mentzel-Reuters (München) zeigen in einem zweiten Kapitel „Quelleneditionen und Forschungstrends“ der quellenkritischen Mediävistik auf. Im abschließenden Abschnitt „Editorische Herausforderungen der Zukunft“ stellen sich Thomas McCarthy (Sarasota [FL] – USA), Eva Schlotheuber (Düsseldorf) und Enno Bünz (Leipzig) den zukünftigen Anforderungen einer mediävistischen Quellenforschung. Ein Register der Namen und Sachbegriffe von Anna Claudia Nierhoff beschließen den für eine quellengestützte Geschichtswissenschaft zukunftsweisenden Band.
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If Frederick Barbarossa’s ties to the kings and dukes of Bohemia, Poland and Hungary had no feudal basis, we must ask what else shaped relations between the Staufer king and the Arpads, Piasts and Přemyslids. This paper proposes an... more
If Frederick Barbarossa’s ties to the kings and dukes of Bohemia, Poland and Hungary had no feudal basis, we must ask what else shaped relations between the Staufer king and the Arpads, Piasts and Přemyslids. This paper proposes an imperial interpretation, positing a hierarchy among the polities that then prevailed: The Staufer rulers claimed precedence over their east-central European neighbours, and they enforced this through diplomatic and military means. Their neighbours assented to their position within the empire and invoked it repeatedly, by requesting that the German-Roman emperor advance them in rank, judge succession disputes and other conflicts, and support them against their enemies. Every time they did so, they confirmed and strengthened this asymmetrical relationship, which came to be expressed in many forms—in the titles of those involved (emperor, prince, king, duke, etc.), through outright subordination and superiority, via the tribute of dependency, in pacts of amicitia, and later also in feudal relationships. We must develop a terminology that
describes and explains hierarchical relationships between the centre and the periphery such as these, without calling upon national, totalitarian or anachronistic vocabulary (such as “Landeshoheit”, sovereignty, territorial integrity, “Staatsrecht”, and so forth).
describes and explains hierarchical relationships between the centre and the periphery such as these, without calling upon national, totalitarian or anachronistic vocabulary (such as “Landeshoheit”, sovereignty, territorial integrity, “Staatsrecht”, and so forth).
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In this study the author considers the phenomenon of piety and the belief in the possibility of influencing posthumous salvation among the members of the medieval elite in the high-medieval Czech lands and... more
In this study the author considers the phenomenon of piety and the belief in the possibility of influencing posthumous salvation among the members of the medieval elite in the high-medieval Czech lands and the question of to what extent personal piety merged with their pragmatic-economic decision-making. It shows that economic, memorial, prestigious and religious activities did not mutually disturb one another in the mentality of medieval man, and during the 13th century the Bohemian and Moravian secular elites became more concerned about the afterlife of the soul and its salvation.
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Not long before 1030, Duke of Bohemia Oldřich extended the borders of the Přemyslid territory towards the lower reaches of the River Morava, entrusting this large annexation to his son Břetislav. Thus began the story of Princely (knížecí)... more
Not long before 1030, Duke of Bohemia Oldřich extended the borders of the Přemyslid territory towards the lower reaches of the River Morava, entrusting this large annexation to his son Břetislav. Thus began the story of Princely (knížecí) Moravia, but which is called Appanage (údělná) Moravia in the Czech historical literature. This is understood to mean the provincial history between the mid-11th century and the end of the 12th century, with 1055 seen as being decisive when Duke Břetislav I established the rules of succession in Bohemia. According to these, the oldest
legitimate member of the family would always sit on the Prague throne and all his relatives would be subordinate to him. In the meantime, during a kind of period of candidacy, their needs would be provided for by the Moravian province, where between 1055 and 1061, Přemyslid princely courts were established in Olomouc and Brno, as well as in Znojmo in 1101. The word údělníci (appanage princes) was later used for the local princes, the heirs of Otto I of Olomouc and Konrad of Brno, despite the fact that the word was borrowed in the Modern Age from Russian and Polish and was first used in Czech by Josef Jungmann. Úděl was understood as meaning inherited
property, and its administrators were supposed to have a significant amount of independence. However, as this study shows, the local sources present a different account. Firstly, they cast doubt over the idea that the Moravian Přemyslids entered the public sphere as confident provincial lords, or that the Bohemian dukes had lost their influence over events in Moravia. The social and political standing of the Moravian Přemyslids is perhaps best captured by the title Count (hrabě),
which was used by the imperial and Babenberg chanceries. Local observers and even the members of the ruling family themselves preferred to use the title of Duke/Prince, which is why the specialist historical literature should return to this more precise vocabulary from the period.
legitimate member of the family would always sit on the Prague throne and all his relatives would be subordinate to him. In the meantime, during a kind of period of candidacy, their needs would be provided for by the Moravian province, where between 1055 and 1061, Přemyslid princely courts were established in Olomouc and Brno, as well as in Znojmo in 1101. The word údělníci (appanage princes) was later used for the local princes, the heirs of Otto I of Olomouc and Konrad of Brno, despite the fact that the word was borrowed in the Modern Age from Russian and Polish and was first used in Czech by Josef Jungmann. Úděl was understood as meaning inherited
property, and its administrators were supposed to have a significant amount of independence. However, as this study shows, the local sources present a different account. Firstly, they cast doubt over the idea that the Moravian Přemyslids entered the public sphere as confident provincial lords, or that the Bohemian dukes had lost their influence over events in Moravia. The social and political standing of the Moravian Přemyslids is perhaps best captured by the title Count (hrabě),
which was used by the imperial and Babenberg chanceries. Local observers and even the members of the ruling family themselves preferred to use the title of Duke/Prince, which is why the specialist historical literature should return to this more precise vocabulary from the period.
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The study suggests that the dialogue concerning the Christianization of the Czechs need not discuss only the merits of Duke Bořivoj (about 885) and that the Czech medieval studies might contemplate more the baptism of the Czech dukes in... more
The study suggests that the dialogue concerning the Christianization of the Czechs need not discuss only the merits of Duke Bořivoj (about 885) and that the Czech medieval studies might contemplate more the baptism of the Czech dukes in 845. He also carefully notes that the church of the Virgin Mary might have been of an earlier origin.
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The chapter deals with the fate of the ducal Mojmirid dynasty after the Fall of Great Moravia.
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The study deals with the changing role the Golden Bull of Sicily, issued by the King of Romans Frederic II on 26 September 1212 for the Bohemian King Přemysl Ottokar I, in the history of the Czech lands.
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Karel Hruza is among the few historians who effortlessly switch between Medieval Studies and 20th Century History, unimpeded by national borders. His work, informed by an open-minded, truely Central European spirit, has inspired a number... more
Karel Hruza is among the few historians who effortlessly switch between Medieval Studies and 20th Century History, unimpeded by national borders. His work, informed by an open-minded, truely Central European spirit, has inspired a number of colleagues and friends, who wish to honour his scholarly work with this Festschrift.