Background: To compare thyroid volume, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free t4 and the prevale... more Background: To compare thyroid volume, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free t4 and the prevalence of thyroid nodules between obese and non-obese subjects. Also, the association between BMI and insulin resistance status with various parameters of thyroid gland was evaluated. Methods: Fifty-two patients with obesity and 38 volunteers aged 20-50 years with normal body mass index (BMI), were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Patients with diabetes, history of thyroid disorders, and patients, who were taking medications that influence their blood glucose or insulin levels or modified thyroid function tests, were excluded. TSH, free t4, insulin and glucose and thyroid sonography were carried out and the results compared between two groups. P<0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Thyroid volume was higher (p<0.001) and free t4 was lower (p<0.001) in patients with obesity but there was no difference in TSH between groups. Prevalence of thyroid nodules was 15.7% and 10.8% in obese and non-obese groups, respectively (p=0.51). Frequency of nodules was significantly higher in insulin resistant than non-insulin resistant subjects (22% vs.2%, p=0.01). BMI was associated with thyroid volume (r=0.44, p<0.001) and free t4 (r=-0.35, p=0.001). HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance) had no correlation with thyroid volume (p=0.38), but associated with free t4 (r=-0.25, p=0.01). Conclusion: Free T4 was lower and volume of thyroid was higher in obese subjects, but TSH and frequency of thyroid nodules had no significant difference between obese and non-obese counterparts. Insulin resistant individuals had more nodules but thyroid volume was mainly associated with BMI.
Objective. An outbreak of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) began in December 2019 and spread glo... more Objective. An outbreak of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) began in December 2019 and spread globally, overwhelming the entire world. COVID-19 is a public health emergency of international concern. Due to its high morbidity and mortality rate, recognition of its risk and prognostic factors is important. We aimed to understand the relationship between metabolic and endocrine parameters and the prognosis of COVID-19. Methods and Materials. This was a cross-sectional clinical study. A total of 70 patients with severe COVID-19 were enrolled. Laboratory results at the first admission time (including complete blood count, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, blood glucose, calcium, phosphate, albumin, creatinine, magnesium, lipid profiles, liver enzymes, thyroid hormones, cortisol, and vitamin D) and outcome data were recorded. We divided patients into (1) intensive care unit- (ICU-) admitted and non-ICU-admitted and (2) survivors and nonsurvivors for estimation of severity and pro...
Nephropathy occurs in 20-40 of diabetic patients and diabetes mellitus is the most common cause... more Nephropathy occurs in 20-40 of diabetic patients and diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of ESRD .the aim of this study was review the metabolism of glucose and treatment of diabetes in patients with this disease. Chronic renal failure is typically associated with insulin resistance, decrease of insulin secretion and, in advanced renal failure, decreased insulin degradation. Decrease of insulin degradation can lead to a marked decrease in insulin requirement or even the cessation of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes and the development of spontaneous and severe hypoglycemia. Although, several large studies have found no significant correlation between glycemic control and survival of patients with ESRD, however, for prevention of diabetes-related damage to other organs, good glycemic control should be considered as a significant treatment goal.The goal of glycemic control in diabetic patients on chronic dialysis is the fasting blood glucose below 140 mg/dL, one-hour postp...
Background: To compare thyroid volume, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free t4 and the prevale... more Background: To compare thyroid volume, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free t4 and the prevalence of thyroid nodules between obese and non-obese subjects. Also, the association between BMI and insulin resistance status with various parameters of thyroid gland was evaluated. Methods: Fifty–two patients with obesity and 38 volunteers aged 20-50 years with normal body mass index (BMI), were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Patients with diabetes, history of thyroid disorders, and patients, who were taking medications that influence their blood glucose or insulin levels or modified thyroid function tests, were excluded. TSH, free t4, insulin and glucose and thyroid sonography were carried out and the results compared between two groups. P<0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Thyroid volume was higher (p<0.001) and free t4 was lower (p<0.001) in patients with obesity but there was no difference in TSH between groups. Prevalence of thyroid nodules was 15.7% and ...
In recent decades, the relation of carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) as a marker of ath... more In recent decades, the relation of carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) as a marker of atherosclerosis with snoring and sleep disorders has been drawing attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation of carotid arteries IMT with snoring in type 2 diabetic patients. This cross-sectional study was performed on type 2 diabetes patients referring to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences' clinics. The stop Bang, Epworth sleepiness scale, and Stanford questionnaires were used for evaluation of daily sleepiness and snoring. For assessment of carotid artery thickness, Madison X8 ultrasound with 10 MHz superficial probes was utilized. The data were entered into SPSS software, and then the ANOVA test with Turkey, chi-square comparison technique, and Kruskal Wallis with Mann-Whitney U technique was used. The level of significance was considered P≤0.05. In total 80 patients (37 snorers and 43 non-snorers) entered the study. The mean carotid artery IMT in the group of ...
Background The number of people with diabetes is estimated to increase to 642 million by 2040, wi... more Background The number of people with diabetes is estimated to increase to 642 million by 2040, with most having type 2 diabetes. Patients with diabetes require continuous monitoring and possible treatment changes. Patient education is the process of enabling individuals to make informed decisions about their personal health-related behaviours and internet-enabled interventions have the potential to provide support and information to patients with diabetes. Objective The aim of the study was to design a portal prototype based onto two models of care and a contextualised education programme to support the self-management of diabetes patients by involving stakeholders in the Iranian province of Razavi-Khorasan. Methods A Design-Based Research framework was adopted. A qualitative research method was used to analyse interviews with patients and care givers. Mock-ups were developed first and designed with features of user-driven and self-care models of care. The mock-ups also had adaptati...
Methods: Fifty patients with vitiligo were evaluated in this casecontrol study. Control group (3... more Methods: Fifty patients with vitiligo were evaluated in this casecontrol study. Control group (35 cases) were matched with case group respecting confounding factors such as age and sex. Comprehensive dermatological examinations, thyroid autoimmune and function tests ...
Introduction : Surgery is an option for multinodular goiter (MNG), but extension of surgery is co... more Introduction : Surgery is an option for multinodular goiter (MNG), but extension of surgery is controversial due to risk of recurrence and post operative complications. So, we decided to compare these problems between subtotal (ST) and total (TT) thyroidectomy as surgical treatment of MNG. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was done between 2011-2012 . 104 patients with  benign MNG ( 52 in TT and 52 in ST groups) that operated before year 2006 in Imam Reza Educational Hospital ,were enrolled. Rate of recurrence and surgical complications compared between two groups. P < 0.05 considered significant. Results : Mean age of patients was 45.3 years .Mean duration of  Follow up was  74 months . 8 patients in ST group( 15.4 )  and no patient in TT group had recurrence of goiter . ( p< 0.05) . There was no significant differences in transient and permanent hypoparathyroidism , transient and permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy , mortality ,hem...
Introduction: The balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant activity is critical to the pa... more Introduction: The balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant activity is critical to the pathogenesis of many disorders including diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study was to determine the Correlation between prooxidant – antioxidant balance( PAB) with microalbuminuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Methods: this descriptive cross- sectional study performed in Imam Reza Hospital in year 2012. Forty – six diabetic patients with microalbuminuria and Forty – three diabetic patients without microalbuminuria were enrolled in this study. Forty healthy volunteer selected as a control group. Microalbuminuria is defined as excretion of 30-300 microgram albumin in urine for every milligram of creatinin . The values of PAB were determined by using standard solutions and ELISA method. Pearson’s correlation coefficient method was used for specifying the correlation between our variables. Results: The values of PAB in diabetic patients were significantly higher than that in co...
Introduction Vitiligo may be associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases. Early sonographic findi... more Introduction Vitiligo may be associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases. Early sonographic findings in thyroid may be detectable even before occurence of clinical manifestations. So, we evaluated role of thyroid sonography in vitiligo patients without previously known thyroid disorders. Materials and Methods This case-control study was performed in Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad between 2008 to 2010 years. A total of fifty patients with vitiligo and 35 healthy controls were enrolled. In all participants, dermatologic examination, thyroid autoimmunity and function tests and sonography, were performed. Chi-square, independent t-test, mannwhitney U and Spearman Rho tests, used for statistical analysis. P values less than 0.05 considered significant. Results TSH level (p<0.001) and Anti-TPO (p=0.002) were significantly more in vitiligo patients than controls, but no significant difference was seen in Anti-Tg antibodies (p=0.118) between two groups. No correlation was seen between Anti-TP...
The relationship between primary hyperparathyroidism and pancreatitis has yet to be established f... more The relationship between primary hyperparathyroidism and pancreatitis has yet to be established firmly. We present a patient with acute pancreatitis and a hypercalcemic crisis induced by a parathyroid adenoma. A 72-year-old woman presented with lethargy and a constant pain in the epigastric region. She had a medical history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, nephrolithiasis, and ischemic heart disease. Blood examination revealed leukocytosis and high serum amylase and lipase levels. Ultrasound exam confirmed the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis with a normal biliary tract and no gallstones. On further evaluation severe hypercalcemia (24 mg/dL) was detected, which was treated with 0.9% sodium chloride solution and calcitonin. The acute pancreatitis and its symptoms resolved after 3 days. Ultrasound exam and technetium 99m sestamibi scan showed a parathyroid lesion. Ultimately the patient underwent right thyroid lobectomy because of refractory hypercalcemia. The pathology report was i...
Introduction: Subclinical hypothyroidism is a relatively common disease with different etiologies... more Introduction: Subclinical hypothyroidism is a relatively common disease with different etiologies. zinc deficiency that is common in Iran is suggested as a potential cause of subclinical hypothyroidism .The aim of this study was the evaluation of the role of plasma zinc in subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in Mashhad in Khorasan Province between 2009-2010.Atotal of Fifty- seven patients with subclinical hypothyroidism as case group and 57 patients with age- and sex-matched , normal thyroid function were enrolled. Zinc and TSH in controls and TSH, Anti-thyroid peroxidase, free T4 or free T4 index in case group were measured. Results were analyzed with SPSS version 11.5. Based on distribution of variables, parametric and non-parametric tests for comparing means and evaluation of correlation were used.P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean of plasma zinc was 83 μg/dl in case group and 90 μg/dl in control group and di...
Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence and severity of ophthalmic manifestations of Graves’ disease ... more Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence and severity of ophthalmic manifestations of Graves’ disease in the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences endocrine clinics. Methods: In a multicenter prospective-descriptive study, patients with Graves' disease that were being followed in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences endocrine clinics were recruited for the study, from December 2002 to September 2005. A comprehensive ophthalmic assessment including visual acuity, external eye examination, ocular motility examination, exophthalmometry, tear status evaluation, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, slit lamp examination, and funduscopy were performed. We also evaluated the recent thyroid disease status and the treatment regimen of all patients. The classification of ophthalmopathy was based on the classification by the American Thyroid Association. Results: Sixty-eight patients (24 men and 44 women) were studied. The mean age of the patients was 37.98±14 (range 15 to 71) years. The ...
Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance and hyperins... more Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Insulin as a growth factor induces cellular proliferation in all tissues such as thyroid. We studied functional tests and sonographic findings of thyroid in patients with PCOS and assessment the relationship between the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and insulin resistance. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 98 patients with PCOS in the age range of 16 to 42 years in Mashhad, Iran in 2012-2013. Height, weight, thyroid function tests, fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin and thyroid sonography was measured for all patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 11.5 and t-test, Mann-Whitney, chi-square and Fisher tests. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: 10 patients (10.2) had high level of TSH, 12 patients (12.24) had high anti-TPO and 8 cases (8.16) had high anti-TPO with thyroid heterogenicity in sonography...
Background: To compare thyroid volume, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free t4 and the prevale... more Background: To compare thyroid volume, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free t4 and the prevalence of thyroid nodules between obese and non-obese subjects. Also, the association between BMI and insulin resistance status with various parameters of thyroid gland was evaluated. Methods: Fifty–two patients with obesity and 38 volunteers aged 20-50 years with normal body mass index (BMI), were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Patients with diabetes, history of thyroid disorders, and patients, who were taking medications that influence their blood glucose or insulin levels or modified thyroid function tests, were excluded. TSH, free t4, insulin and glucose and thyroid sonography were carried out and the results compared between two groups. P<0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Thyroid volume was higher (p<0.001) and free t4 was lower (p<0.001) in patients with obesity but there was no difference in TSH between groups. Prevalence of thyroid nodules was 15.7% and ...
Background: Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) contributes to the risk for cardiovascular d... more Background: Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) contributes to the risk for cardiovascular diseases and infection, reducing graft and patient survival. This study was conducted to identify the incidence and risk factors for development of PTDM. Methods: We studied 50 non-diabetic adult dialyzed patients awaiting renal transplantation prospectively. Oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) was performed pre- and post-transplantation. The relationship between age, weight (BMI), dialysis modality, family history of diabetes, and duration of dialysis and PTDM was assessed. Results: Based on oGTT1, 13 patients had unknown diabetes mellitus; however, after transplantation only 9 had similar results. Based on oGTT2, 6 (16.22%) patients had actually PTDM. The age of patients with PTDM was significantly higher than that of those with normal test (43±17 vs 31±11 years old). There was a significant relationship between duration of dialysis with PTDM, as normal oGTT was seen in 85.2% of patients...
Background: To compare thyroid volume, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free t4 and the prevale... more Background: To compare thyroid volume, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free t4 and the prevalence of thyroid nodules between obese and non-obese subjects. Also, the association between BMI and insulin resistance status with various parameters of thyroid gland was evaluated. Methods: Fifty-two patients with obesity and 38 volunteers aged 20-50 years with normal body mass index (BMI), were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Patients with diabetes, history of thyroid disorders, and patients, who were taking medications that influence their blood glucose or insulin levels or modified thyroid function tests, were excluded. TSH, free t4, insulin and glucose and thyroid sonography were carried out and the results compared between two groups. P<0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Thyroid volume was higher (p<0.001) and free t4 was lower (p<0.001) in patients with obesity but there was no difference in TSH between groups. Prevalence of thyroid nodules was 15.7% and 10.8% in obese and non-obese groups, respectively (p=0.51). Frequency of nodules was significantly higher in insulin resistant than non-insulin resistant subjects (22% vs.2%, p=0.01). BMI was associated with thyroid volume (r=0.44, p<0.001) and free t4 (r=-0.35, p=0.001). HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance) had no correlation with thyroid volume (p=0.38), but associated with free t4 (r=-0.25, p=0.01). Conclusion: Free T4 was lower and volume of thyroid was higher in obese subjects, but TSH and frequency of thyroid nodules had no significant difference between obese and non-obese counterparts. Insulin resistant individuals had more nodules but thyroid volume was mainly associated with BMI.
Objective. An outbreak of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) began in December 2019 and spread glo... more Objective. An outbreak of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) began in December 2019 and spread globally, overwhelming the entire world. COVID-19 is a public health emergency of international concern. Due to its high morbidity and mortality rate, recognition of its risk and prognostic factors is important. We aimed to understand the relationship between metabolic and endocrine parameters and the prognosis of COVID-19. Methods and Materials. This was a cross-sectional clinical study. A total of 70 patients with severe COVID-19 were enrolled. Laboratory results at the first admission time (including complete blood count, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, blood glucose, calcium, phosphate, albumin, creatinine, magnesium, lipid profiles, liver enzymes, thyroid hormones, cortisol, and vitamin D) and outcome data were recorded. We divided patients into (1) intensive care unit- (ICU-) admitted and non-ICU-admitted and (2) survivors and nonsurvivors for estimation of severity and pro...
Nephropathy occurs in 20-40 of diabetic patients and diabetes mellitus is the most common cause... more Nephropathy occurs in 20-40 of diabetic patients and diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of ESRD .the aim of this study was review the metabolism of glucose and treatment of diabetes in patients with this disease. Chronic renal failure is typically associated with insulin resistance, decrease of insulin secretion and, in advanced renal failure, decreased insulin degradation. Decrease of insulin degradation can lead to a marked decrease in insulin requirement or even the cessation of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes and the development of spontaneous and severe hypoglycemia. Although, several large studies have found no significant correlation between glycemic control and survival of patients with ESRD, however, for prevention of diabetes-related damage to other organs, good glycemic control should be considered as a significant treatment goal.The goal of glycemic control in diabetic patients on chronic dialysis is the fasting blood glucose below 140 mg/dL, one-hour postp...
Background: To compare thyroid volume, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free t4 and the prevale... more Background: To compare thyroid volume, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free t4 and the prevalence of thyroid nodules between obese and non-obese subjects. Also, the association between BMI and insulin resistance status with various parameters of thyroid gland was evaluated. Methods: Fifty–two patients with obesity and 38 volunteers aged 20-50 years with normal body mass index (BMI), were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Patients with diabetes, history of thyroid disorders, and patients, who were taking medications that influence their blood glucose or insulin levels or modified thyroid function tests, were excluded. TSH, free t4, insulin and glucose and thyroid sonography were carried out and the results compared between two groups. P<0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Thyroid volume was higher (p<0.001) and free t4 was lower (p<0.001) in patients with obesity but there was no difference in TSH between groups. Prevalence of thyroid nodules was 15.7% and ...
In recent decades, the relation of carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) as a marker of ath... more In recent decades, the relation of carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) as a marker of atherosclerosis with snoring and sleep disorders has been drawing attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation of carotid arteries IMT with snoring in type 2 diabetic patients. This cross-sectional study was performed on type 2 diabetes patients referring to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences' clinics. The stop Bang, Epworth sleepiness scale, and Stanford questionnaires were used for evaluation of daily sleepiness and snoring. For assessment of carotid artery thickness, Madison X8 ultrasound with 10 MHz superficial probes was utilized. The data were entered into SPSS software, and then the ANOVA test with Turkey, chi-square comparison technique, and Kruskal Wallis with Mann-Whitney U technique was used. The level of significance was considered P≤0.05. In total 80 patients (37 snorers and 43 non-snorers) entered the study. The mean carotid artery IMT in the group of ...
Background The number of people with diabetes is estimated to increase to 642 million by 2040, wi... more Background The number of people with diabetes is estimated to increase to 642 million by 2040, with most having type 2 diabetes. Patients with diabetes require continuous monitoring and possible treatment changes. Patient education is the process of enabling individuals to make informed decisions about their personal health-related behaviours and internet-enabled interventions have the potential to provide support and information to patients with diabetes. Objective The aim of the study was to design a portal prototype based onto two models of care and a contextualised education programme to support the self-management of diabetes patients by involving stakeholders in the Iranian province of Razavi-Khorasan. Methods A Design-Based Research framework was adopted. A qualitative research method was used to analyse interviews with patients and care givers. Mock-ups were developed first and designed with features of user-driven and self-care models of care. The mock-ups also had adaptati...
Methods: Fifty patients with vitiligo were evaluated in this casecontrol study. Control group (3... more Methods: Fifty patients with vitiligo were evaluated in this casecontrol study. Control group (35 cases) were matched with case group respecting confounding factors such as age and sex. Comprehensive dermatological examinations, thyroid autoimmune and function tests ...
Introduction : Surgery is an option for multinodular goiter (MNG), but extension of surgery is co... more Introduction : Surgery is an option for multinodular goiter (MNG), but extension of surgery is controversial due to risk of recurrence and post operative complications. So, we decided to compare these problems between subtotal (ST) and total (TT) thyroidectomy as surgical treatment of MNG. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was done between 2011-2012 . 104 patients with  benign MNG ( 52 in TT and 52 in ST groups) that operated before year 2006 in Imam Reza Educational Hospital ,were enrolled. Rate of recurrence and surgical complications compared between two groups. P < 0.05 considered significant. Results : Mean age of patients was 45.3 years .Mean duration of  Follow up was  74 months . 8 patients in ST group( 15.4 )  and no patient in TT group had recurrence of goiter . ( p< 0.05) . There was no significant differences in transient and permanent hypoparathyroidism , transient and permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy , mortality ,hem...
Introduction: The balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant activity is critical to the pa... more Introduction: The balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant activity is critical to the pathogenesis of many disorders including diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study was to determine the Correlation between prooxidant – antioxidant balance( PAB) with microalbuminuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Methods: this descriptive cross- sectional study performed in Imam Reza Hospital in year 2012. Forty – six diabetic patients with microalbuminuria and Forty – three diabetic patients without microalbuminuria were enrolled in this study. Forty healthy volunteer selected as a control group. Microalbuminuria is defined as excretion of 30-300 microgram albumin in urine for every milligram of creatinin . The values of PAB were determined by using standard solutions and ELISA method. Pearson’s correlation coefficient method was used for specifying the correlation between our variables. Results: The values of PAB in diabetic patients were significantly higher than that in co...
Introduction Vitiligo may be associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases. Early sonographic findi... more Introduction Vitiligo may be associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases. Early sonographic findings in thyroid may be detectable even before occurence of clinical manifestations. So, we evaluated role of thyroid sonography in vitiligo patients without previously known thyroid disorders. Materials and Methods This case-control study was performed in Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad between 2008 to 2010 years. A total of fifty patients with vitiligo and 35 healthy controls were enrolled. In all participants, dermatologic examination, thyroid autoimmunity and function tests and sonography, were performed. Chi-square, independent t-test, mannwhitney U and Spearman Rho tests, used for statistical analysis. P values less than 0.05 considered significant. Results TSH level (p<0.001) and Anti-TPO (p=0.002) were significantly more in vitiligo patients than controls, but no significant difference was seen in Anti-Tg antibodies (p=0.118) between two groups. No correlation was seen between Anti-TP...
The relationship between primary hyperparathyroidism and pancreatitis has yet to be established f... more The relationship between primary hyperparathyroidism and pancreatitis has yet to be established firmly. We present a patient with acute pancreatitis and a hypercalcemic crisis induced by a parathyroid adenoma. A 72-year-old woman presented with lethargy and a constant pain in the epigastric region. She had a medical history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, nephrolithiasis, and ischemic heart disease. Blood examination revealed leukocytosis and high serum amylase and lipase levels. Ultrasound exam confirmed the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis with a normal biliary tract and no gallstones. On further evaluation severe hypercalcemia (24 mg/dL) was detected, which was treated with 0.9% sodium chloride solution and calcitonin. The acute pancreatitis and its symptoms resolved after 3 days. Ultrasound exam and technetium 99m sestamibi scan showed a parathyroid lesion. Ultimately the patient underwent right thyroid lobectomy because of refractory hypercalcemia. The pathology report was i...
Introduction: Subclinical hypothyroidism is a relatively common disease with different etiologies... more Introduction: Subclinical hypothyroidism is a relatively common disease with different etiologies. zinc deficiency that is common in Iran is suggested as a potential cause of subclinical hypothyroidism .The aim of this study was the evaluation of the role of plasma zinc in subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in Mashhad in Khorasan Province between 2009-2010.Atotal of Fifty- seven patients with subclinical hypothyroidism as case group and 57 patients with age- and sex-matched , normal thyroid function were enrolled. Zinc and TSH in controls and TSH, Anti-thyroid peroxidase, free T4 or free T4 index in case group were measured. Results were analyzed with SPSS version 11.5. Based on distribution of variables, parametric and non-parametric tests for comparing means and evaluation of correlation were used.P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean of plasma zinc was 83 μg/dl in case group and 90 μg/dl in control group and di...
Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence and severity of ophthalmic manifestations of Graves’ disease ... more Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence and severity of ophthalmic manifestations of Graves’ disease in the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences endocrine clinics. Methods: In a multicenter prospective-descriptive study, patients with Graves' disease that were being followed in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences endocrine clinics were recruited for the study, from December 2002 to September 2005. A comprehensive ophthalmic assessment including visual acuity, external eye examination, ocular motility examination, exophthalmometry, tear status evaluation, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, slit lamp examination, and funduscopy were performed. We also evaluated the recent thyroid disease status and the treatment regimen of all patients. The classification of ophthalmopathy was based on the classification by the American Thyroid Association. Results: Sixty-eight patients (24 men and 44 women) were studied. The mean age of the patients was 37.98±14 (range 15 to 71) years. The ...
Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance and hyperins... more Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Insulin as a growth factor induces cellular proliferation in all tissues such as thyroid. We studied functional tests and sonographic findings of thyroid in patients with PCOS and assessment the relationship between the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and insulin resistance. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 98 patients with PCOS in the age range of 16 to 42 years in Mashhad, Iran in 2012-2013. Height, weight, thyroid function tests, fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin and thyroid sonography was measured for all patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 11.5 and t-test, Mann-Whitney, chi-square and Fisher tests. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: 10 patients (10.2) had high level of TSH, 12 patients (12.24) had high anti-TPO and 8 cases (8.16) had high anti-TPO with thyroid heterogenicity in sonography...
Background: To compare thyroid volume, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free t4 and the prevale... more Background: To compare thyroid volume, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free t4 and the prevalence of thyroid nodules between obese and non-obese subjects. Also, the association between BMI and insulin resistance status with various parameters of thyroid gland was evaluated. Methods: Fifty–two patients with obesity and 38 volunteers aged 20-50 years with normal body mass index (BMI), were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Patients with diabetes, history of thyroid disorders, and patients, who were taking medications that influence their blood glucose or insulin levels or modified thyroid function tests, were excluded. TSH, free t4, insulin and glucose and thyroid sonography were carried out and the results compared between two groups. P<0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Thyroid volume was higher (p<0.001) and free t4 was lower (p<0.001) in patients with obesity but there was no difference in TSH between groups. Prevalence of thyroid nodules was 15.7% and ...
Background: Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) contributes to the risk for cardiovascular d... more Background: Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) contributes to the risk for cardiovascular diseases and infection, reducing graft and patient survival. This study was conducted to identify the incidence and risk factors for development of PTDM. Methods: We studied 50 non-diabetic adult dialyzed patients awaiting renal transplantation prospectively. Oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) was performed pre- and post-transplantation. The relationship between age, weight (BMI), dialysis modality, family history of diabetes, and duration of dialysis and PTDM was assessed. Results: Based on oGTT1, 13 patients had unknown diabetes mellitus; however, after transplantation only 9 had similar results. Based on oGTT2, 6 (16.22%) patients had actually PTDM. The age of patients with PTDM was significantly higher than that of those with normal test (43±17 vs 31±11 years old). There was a significant relationship between duration of dialysis with PTDM, as normal oGTT was seen in 85.2% of patients...
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