Information Technology

With the widespread deployment of e-government systems in developing countries, and as well as the high failure rates, it is important to understand the complex processes that
underlie successful design and implementations of large-scale e-government systems. This
dissertation therefore was motivated by a desire to leverage e-government lessons already learnt in the developing world to maximize the chances of success for future e-government
projects. A number of successful and unsuccessful ICT projects were critically studied. This
dissertation looks at how these projects were designed and implemented (planning, development, communication, integration and management). The study therefore developed a systematic approach for designing and implementing e-government in the developing world.
The study realised that it is important to have a nuanced reading of stake holders in the e-government systems domain to understand the origin of conflict and resistance to such
systems. Funding from the government and other stake holders is highly essential. Sensitisation
of all the stake holders and especially the users is inevitable. Corruption and bribery, resistance to the system, lack of trained staff, lack of trust in the system and lack of political
will/interest were seen by the research as the greatest challenges faced during the design and
implementation of e-government in the developing world. The practice of ”cut” from Europe and ”paste” in the developing world must be avoided because these are two different worlds.

E-voting has been fronted as the best solution to renew electoral processes and curb election malpractice in developing countries. Building an e-voting service on
a widely used platform such as the mobile phone in developing countries has cost and effectiveness advantages over other less widely used and familiar ICTs like the
marksense, punch card, mechanical lever machine and direct electronic recording. However, the most notable challenge that still needs to be addressed for successful implementation and usage of mobile phones for voting is poor user experience in particular the before use component of user experience. Due to this gap, mobile phones have failed to gain much acceptance and satisfaction as an e-voting tool in developing countries. This paper discusses why user experience of using mobile phones as a voting tool in developing countries is still poor despite the advantages they have over other ICTs in aiding more efficient and effective elections and presents a proposal for a possible solution.

Voter turn-up in many developing countries is unpredictable due to violence, intimidation, dictatorship and many other reasons. Mobile phone technology could offer governments of developing countries a direct conduit to its citizens which potentially increase citizen participation in voting and decision making. However, studies show that mobile phones have failed to gain much acceptance and satisfaction as an e-voting tool in developing countries. In this paper, we discuss the extent to which persuasion and acceptance design principles can contribute to the acceptance and usage of mobile phones as an end device for voting in a developing country like Uganda. This study used a quantitative approach where 900 questionnaires were given to respondents of voting age, mixed in gender, literacy levels, income levels, occupation and type of mobile phone owned. Using this sample space, we explored the different design principles of persuasion and acceptance towards the use of mobile phones as a voting tool i.e. whether the respondents would be encouraged to use their mobile phones for voting if certain persuasive and acceptance design conditions are met. The study found out that the principle of tunneling, effective computing and credibility, social/political learning, and perceived usefulness greatly influences persuasion and acceptance towards using mobile phones for voting in developing countries.

Because of defective elective elections which have been witnessed in the African continent for decades, some African countries have jumped onto the bandwagon of using electronic voting (e-Voting). E-Voting entails the use of technology in the voting processes. This chapter brings out the process that has been made so far in e-Voting and comments on the extent to which this impacts on advancing the overall principles of a democracy. The lessons outlined in the chapter may go a long way in informing future e-Voting interventions especially in a developing world context

In the last decade pressure drop correlations for two-phase flow in wells have moved away from empirical correlations to being increasingly based on the description of physical characteristics of the flow. Two of these correlations, Ansari and Drift Flux were evaluated in our in-house ...

The company aims to achieve maximum bene t with lower production costs to a minimum. If cost is really happening is greater than the standards established by the company, it will result in expenditures that exceed production costs than budgeted. Management of this deviation can detect activity within a company whose costs deviate from the standard set fee. This study aims to determine whether there is a di erence between production costs and to eval- uate the cause of the di erence in cost of production. Data analysis was performed by comparing the standard cost and actual cost to nd the di erence in cost, and then allocated the cost di erence to the pro t and loss account. After conducting research and analyzing it, it can be determined that the company can run the di erence in standard cost analysis as cost control in companies with good production, proved only on the di erence in cost of raw materials in Au- gust the company experienced the di erence in loss, while the other companies experience pro t margin.

Predictors of duodenal ulcer healing and relapse were examined in a population known to have a high healing incidence. Two double-blind prospective studies were performed in 134 patients over 4 wk and in 66 patients over 1 yr, respectively. Short-term treatment consisted either of cimetidine 1 g/day, pirenzepine 75 mg/day, or placebo. In a multiple stepwise linear regression analysis the following factors proved to increase healing incidence in decreasing order of importance: female sex, moderate alcohol consumption, abstinence from smoking, young age, and cimetidine treatment. The following factors had no influence on duodenal ulcer healing: number and total area of peptic lesions, concomitant disease, relatives with duodenal ulcer, duration of duodenal ulcer disease, and status as a migrant worker. In the long-term study, treatment consisted either of cimetidine 400 mg at bedtime, pirenzepine 30 mg at bedtime, or placebo. Cimetidine prevented ulcer relapse. Smoking favored duodenal ulcer relapse in the placebo group, but not in the cimetidine and pirenzepine group. For all the other factors no statistically significant effect was found. It is concluded that in a population with high spontaneous healing incidence (a) factors other than drug treatment such as sex, alcohol intake, smoking, and age are at least as important predictors of the outcome of short-term treatment as the drug treatment itself; (b) moderate alcohol intake might favor ulcer healing; (c) the unfavorable effect of smoking on ulcer relapse is overcome by low-dose, long-term, antisecretory treatment.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of product variety, price and location towards buying decision. This study uses quantitative data analysis and the data used in this research is primary data. The SPSS is used for processing statistical data. The result of the data processing states that the variable of product variety partially has a positive and significant effect towards buying decision with value of t count (2,138) > t table (1,98498), which means that H 0 is rejected and H 1 is accepted. The variable of price partially has a positive and significant effect towards buying decision with value of t count (2,926) > t table (1,98498), which means that H 0 is rejected and H 1 is accepted. The variable of location partially has a positive and significant effect towards buying decision with value of t count (4,211) > t table (1,98498), which means that H 0 is rejected and H 1 is accepted. And simultaneously the variables of product variety, price and locatio...