The study is on achieving higher GDP growth in Ghana: which sector is to lead. The main objective... more The study is on achieving higher GDP growth in Ghana: which sector is to lead. The main objective of this paper was to examine the contributions of the agricultural, service and industrial sectors to economic growth in Ghana. Time series data from 1966 to 2011 on all the variables of interest was obtained from the World Development Indicators 2012 series. The Ordinary Least Squares estimation technique was used for the analysis. The results showed that a 1% increase in the growth of the agricultural sector will cause GDP growth to increase by 0.452849%. Also, a 1% increase in the growth of the services sector will lead to 0.376308% increase in GDP growth. Finally, 1% increase in the growth of the industrial sector will bring 0.1827% increase in GDP growth. All the explanatory variables are statistically significant at the 5% level of significance. It is concluded that the agriculture sector contributed most to the overall growth. It is recommended that for Ghana to achieve higher GD...
The main aims of this study were to determine the conditions that influence electric power consum... more The main aims of this study were to determine the conditions that influence electric power consumption in Ghana and also estimate the extent to which electric power consumption impact on the various sectors of the Ghanaian economy. The ordinary least squares method of data estimation technique was used. The models specified were indentified to be good models. This revealed that the major factors that influence electricity consumption in Ghana are population, the size of the Ghanaian economy, foreign inflows, the general price level, and trade. The study also revealed that electric power consumption affected agricultural production in Ghana negatively and the margin of the decrease was 0.0284186. More so, the study identified that electricity consumption had a positive effect on manufacturing sector of the Ghanaian economy though its value was statistically insignificant. The degree of the elasticity was 0.072129. Finally, the study showed that electric power consumption affected the...
The abuse of incumbency during elections in order to retain power has become worldwide knowledge ... more The abuse of incumbency during elections in order to retain power has become worldwide knowledge and a contentious issue in Political Economics. This paper seeks to establish the evidence of political business cycle in Ghana. Data for the estimations were sourced from WDI, 2014. The data spanned from 1990 to 2013 within which Ghana has had six uninterrupted democratic elections and consistent democratic rule. Three different models were specified. The method of Ordinary Least Squares estimation technique was employed to determine the impact of election years on Government Consumption Expenditure, Fiscal Deficit and Real GDP. The results suggest that there are no significant impacts of election years on the changes in Government Consumption Expenditure, Fiscal Deficit and Real GDP in Ghana. However, it was determined that Government Consumption Expenditure and Fiscal Deficit have positive relationships with election years in Ghana, though statistically insignificantly. The study recommends that there should be more fiscal discipline, especially close to/or in election years in Ghana.
The topic of the study is Benefits of Fire Insurance and Consequences of Noncompliance. This stud... more The topic of the study is Benefits of Fire Insurance and Consequences of Noncompliance. This study was carried out to determine the level of public awareness of insurance benefits and to identify the reasons for non- compliance with fire insurance policies. Convenience sampling technique was used in the collection of data. The study indicated that electrical faults, carelessness, improper use of LPG gas and illegal connections cause fire outbreaks. Most Ghanaians do not comply with fire insurance policy; hence they do not know the benefit of fire insurance policy. Ghanaians do not comply with fire insurance policy due to inadequate education on fire insurance policies and their benefits, insurance companies not being reliable, lack of enforcement of the Insurance Act 2006, Act 724 section 184, and lack of interest in the fire insurance policy. Also the economy experiences unemployment, loss of property, loss of lives, decreases in output and low level of investment whenever there are fire outbreaks. The study revealed that the majority of Ghanaians are not aware of the Insurance Policy Act and its associated benefits. It is recommended that active education about the benefits of insurance and strict enforcement procedures should be followed.
The service sector in Ghana over the years has seen a tremendous growth, displacing both the agri... more The service sector in Ghana over the years has seen a tremendous growth, displacing both the agricultural and industrial sectors. Thus it is fitting to examine what drives this growth in the service sector of Ghana and also determine which of the sub-sectors is more potent. To achieve this, two models were specified. The method of Ordinary Least Squares estimation technique was employed to determine the potency of the service sub-sectors (transport and communication, tourism, financial institutions, health and education) and also to determine the contributions and impact of some macroeconomic variables (labour force, capital, real gross domestic product, service export and service import) on service output in Ghana. The study findings that financial institutions are the sub-sector that drives service output in Ghana. Also labour force and real gross domestic product per capita were determined as the key macroeconomic variables that drive the service sector growth in Ghana. Based on this, the study recommends that more investment be made in such areas.
The study seek to examine the awareness of Information and Communication Technology banking among... more The study seek to examine the awareness of Information and Communication Technology banking among customers; to analyze the usage of Information and Communication Technology in banking and to identify the benefits of Information and Communication Technology in banking. Convenience sampling technique was employed by the study. Questionnaire was used to collect the data. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data collected. Descriptive statistics (percentages and frequencies) was used to make inferences from the data analyzed. The findings regarding the study revealed that majority of the respondents (90%) have heard of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) whiles 10% said they were not aware of any banking services called Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The result also reveals that 41.1% use only ATM cards, the most widely used ICT products within the banks for transactions, however, significant proportion of respondents (22.2%) also uses combinations of ICT products. Results again show that ninety (90%) of respondents believed that ICT products and services have a positive effect, the most prominent effect was customers having more time for other businesses and administrative works get reduced drastically. Base on this, the researchers however, believed that considerable education and marketing of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) products and services of the banks will attract more customers and provide customer satisfaction.
This work presents the derivation of a mathematical model for extrapolating the population of Gha... more This work presents the derivation of a mathematical model for extrapolating the population of Ghana using Newton’s divided difference formula. Newton’s divided difference formula was used because of the uneven time intervals at which the population census was conducted. A simulation was done using mathematical software to estimate the parameters in the derived model because the exact solution was quite difficult. The model was able to predict the population of Ghana with a residual percentage error within 10%. We will therefore recommend the usage of this model to be used for countries in which the population censuses were conducted at uneven time intervals as was the case with Ghana.
This study identifies the macroeconomic factors which influence agricultural production in Ghana.... more This study identifies the macroeconomic factors which influence agricultural production in Ghana. The main purpose of the study is to find out the key macro factors that influence agricultural production in Ghana. The Cobb-Douglas production was employed and the Ordinary Least Squares estimation technique was used. Our dependent variable is agricultural output. The independent variables are labour force, inflation, real exchange rate and Real GDP per capita. We found that 1% increase in labour force caused agricultural production to decrease by 0.655946%. Also a 1% increase in inflation caused agricultural production to increase by 0.00459045%. In addition, a 1% increase in real exchange rate caused agricultural production to increase by 0.083949%. Finally, a 1% increase in real GDP per capita caused agricultural production to decrease by 1.05825%. Apart from inflation, labour force, real exchange rate and real GDP per capita were statistically significant. Therefore, the key macro economic factors that influence agricultural production in Ghana are labour force, real exchange rate and real GDP per capita. The agricultural sector should be made more attractive and conductive to ensure continuous production of food in Ghana.
This study examined the impact of tourism on economic performance in Ghana using Johansen's coint... more This study examined the impact of tourism on economic performance in Ghana using Johansen's cointegration approach. It was found that all the variables, nominal gross domestic product per capita, domestic tourism per capita and international tourism per capita were integrated at first order. The results of Johansen's cointegration test indicated that there exist only short run relationships among all the variables being considered. The study found out that previous record of the international tourism had a positive impact on nominal gross domestic product per capita and this impact is elastic. As a result, improvement in international tourism will lead to increase in nominal gross domestic product per capita. The Granger Causality test also showed that was unilateral causality between international tourism and nominal gross domestic product per capita and domestic tourism as well as international tourism. Finally, it was recommendations that international tourism should be encourage in all media to publish the tourism centers in Ghana to the outside world to attract more international tourists. Also, Ghanaians should be encouraged to patronize the tourist centers as domestic tourism caused international tourism to improve.
The study examined the effect of foreign trade on economic growth in Ghana by using a Johansen co... more The study examined the effect of foreign trade on economic growth in Ghana by using a Johansen cointegration analysis. It was found out that all the variables of interest; real gross domestic product, foreign direct investment exports, imports and foreign direct investment turned out to be non stationary at their levels but became stationary at their first difference. The results of Johansens's cointegration test indicated that there exist a long run and short run relationship among real gross domestic product, foreign direct investment, exports, imports and foreign direct investment in Ghana. The study found out that in the long run, exports had a positive effect on real gross domestic product and as a result, an increase in exports leads to an improvement in real gross domestic product. Imports and foreign direct investment had a negative effect on real gross domestic product, respectively. Therefore, a decline in both variables causes an improvement in real gross domestic product. In the long run all the variables were statistically significant at 5% significance level. The speed of adjustment was 4.57 percentage point taking place at each year towards the long run periods. Therefore, exports should be encouraged, diversified, processed raw materials before export to improve the real gross domestic product. Imports should be reduced by assisting our infant industries to produce more of our imported goods and services. Finally, foreign direct investment must be channeled to productive sectors of the economy (agriculture, education, health and housing) to improve the real gross domestic product of Ghana.
Grains are important dietary components, providing many nutrients including vitamins, minerals, p... more Grains are important dietary components, providing many nutrients including vitamins, minerals, protein, and complex carbohydrates. The objective of the study therefore was to determine the minimum dose of Gray that would be required to kill insects on or inside the grains without affecting the viability for experimental work and there by render the grains free of infestation for laboratory experiments. In this investigation, maize and cowpea seeds were infested with Sitophilus zeamais and Callosobruchus maculatus respectively for 52 days each. The cultures were further divided into fifty grams (50g) each and put into 42 plastic containers. The seeds were then irradiated in a Co-60 gamma cell with doses 40Gy [Gray], 80Gy, 150Gy, 200Gy, 300Gy and 500Gy. The irradiated seeds were then examined for the number of insects alive in each case and the effect of the gamma irradiation on viability of the grain seeds. It was concluded that both Sitophilus zeamais and Callosobruchus maculatus were susceptible to gamma doses between 200Gy-500Gy. As much as 100% mortality was recorded for both insect at some doses. Germination tests subsequently carried out showed that gamma irradiation had no effect on seed viability.
The main aims of this study were to determine the conditions that influence electric power consum... more The main aims of this study were to determine the conditions that influence electric power consumption in Ghana and also estimate the extent to which electric power consumption impact on the various sectors of the Ghanaian economy. The ordinary least squares method of data estimation technique was used. The models specified were identified to be good models. This revealed that the major factors that influence electricity consumption in Ghana are population, the size of the Ghanaian economy, foreign inflows, the general price level, and trade. The study also revealed that electric power consumption affected agricultural production in Ghana negatively and the margin of the decrease was 0.0284186. More so, the study identified that electricity consumption had a positive effect on manufacturing sector of the Ghanaian economy though its value was statistically insignificant. The degree of the elasticity was 0.072129. Finally, the study showed that electric power consumption affected the services output negatively. The degree of the effect was 0.0245882. This study strongly concludes that more electric power supply should be allocated to the manufacturing sector of Ghana to promote sustainable economic growth and development.
The study examined what causes an individual to dispose of waste improperly in Ghana? What effect... more The study examined what causes an individual to dispose of waste improperly in Ghana? What effects does poor sanitation bring to the citizens and the nation Ghana? And who is to ensure that Ghanaians do the right things in terms of sanitation issues? The study employed convenience sampling technique of sampling methods. It was discovered that most of the respondents had dust bins where they dispose-off their refuse. The majority of the respondents disposes-off their refuse every three days. According to the respondents Zoomlion Ghana Company was in charge of waste collection at Kaneshie. The majority of the respondents had an idea of communicable diseases that is being associated with indiscriminate solid waste disposal. The predominant communicable disease that the respondents knew was diarrhea. The respondents agree to the fact that air pollution and flooding were the major environmental effects of poor sanitation at Kaneshie. The majority of the respondents agreed that enforcement of sanitation bylaws could help manage the disposal of solid waste at Kaneshie. The majority of the respondents agreed to pay private companies to collect their waste. For poor sanitation most respondents blamed the individuals. It was discovered that private companies were doing better than government in the handling of waste management. The study suggested that there should be constant education on sanitation and its related issues, bylaws on sanitation should be properly insured to punish people who litter surroundings indiscriminately. People should develop proper attitudes and perception towards waste handling which should be achieved through both formal and informal education.
The study examined the effects of rural-urban migration in Ghana – a case study of Okaishie a sub... more The study examined the effects of rural-urban migration in Ghana – a case study of Okaishie a suburb of the Greater Accra region. The study employed convenience sampling technique. Well-structured questionnaires were used to gather the needed information. It revealed that the majority of the migrants were able bodied youth and majority of them were traders. The migrants’ main reason for migrating is to seek employment in the urban centers for better living. The other factor that motivated them to migrate from the rural areas to the urban center was access to good social amenities such as good drinking water, access to good and quality health care (hospital), good roads, good and quality education, access to electricity and entertainment. The migrants indicated that their respective villages lack these basic social amenities. Therefore, this study recommends that government should provide employment for the citizens in the rural areas by building more industries to prevent the rural folks from migrating into the urban centers. Also, private institutions can put up other food processing companies in the rural areas to provide employment for the youth. Farmers should be provided with loans for their businesses and extension officers should be sent regularly to the rural areas to educate the farmers on their farming activities for better yields. Finally, the government should provide basic necessities such as housing, education, hospitals, good roads, electricity, good drinking water and others in the rural areas of Ghana.
The main objectives of the study are to determine the impact of road traffic accidents on economi... more The main objectives of the study are to determine the impact of road traffic accidents on economic growth and also examine the effect that macroeconomic variables have on road traffic crashes in Ghana. The ordinary least squares method of statistical estimation was used in this study. The results obtained were very robust and valid. The study revealed that road traffic accidents affect economic growth negatively and the degree of the negative effect is 0.209588%, implying that, increase in road traffic accidents in Ghana, is a greater cost to the nation, all other things being constant. The study showed that, the major macroeconomic variables that affect road traffic accidents in Ghana are the size of the Ghanaian economy (GDP), standard of living of the citizens of Ghana (GDP per capita) and government spending. The study recommended that the use of safety helmet and belt must be enforced as well as strict rules regarding license issuing and ban of using mobile phone while driving.
The study determines the relationship between GDP (Gross Domestic Product) growth rate and inflat... more The study determines the relationship between GDP (Gross Domestic Product) growth rate and inflationary rate in Ghana from the period 1980 to 2012. The study employs the methods of scatter plot, correlation analysis and simple linear regression estimated using OLS (Ordinary Least Squares). All the three approaches proved that there is a strong negative linear relationship between GDP growth rate and inflation rate in Ghana. That is a 1% increase in inflation rate will cause GDP growth rate to decrease by 0.0864724%. However, a 1% decrease in inflation rate will cause GDP growth rate to increase by 0.0864724%. This value is statistically significant at the 5% level of significance. Therefore, policy makers should formulate and implement monetary, fiscal and physical policies that will continue to keep inflation rate downward to enhance economic growth and stability.
This study sought to find out the relationship between education and wages differentials and othe... more This study sought to find out the relationship between education and wages differentials and other factors that may account for the differences in wages among the various categories of workers as well as to determine factors that lead to investments in higher forms of education. The instrument employed for the investigation is mainly questionnaires. The research targeted a sample size of 100. The population considered was the labor force in Accra. However, considering the target group and how busy they are, resources and not having the luxury of time, we settled for a sample size of 100. The sampling technique employed was convenience sampling. The respondents were public and private sector workers. Pie charts, bar graphs, scatter diagrams and tables were employed to explain the pattern of some variables. Our findings showed that aside education, there were other factors that attributed to the existing wage differentials. Some of these factors include the sex of the worker, sector in which the worker works in, company policy, skills and working conditions. All these are significant causes of wage differentials.
This paper examined the macroeconomic determinants of inflation in Ghana using a cointegration ap... more This paper examined the macroeconomic determinants of inflation in Ghana using a cointegration approach. The main purpose of the paper is to investigate whether population growth, foreign direct investment, foreign aid, agricultural and service’s output have a significance influence on the inflationary situations experienced in Ghana over the study period. The method of analysis was the cointegration analysis. The stationarity properties of all the variables of interest were checked and established. All the variables under consideration were found to be integrated of order one, that is, I (1). Johansen cointegration approach showed that there is both long and short run relationship among the variables; therefore, the vector error correction model was estimated. The study identified population growth, foreign direct investment, foreign aid, and service’s output as major long run determinants of inflation in Ghana.
The study is on achieving higher GDP growth in Ghana: which sector is to lead. The main objective... more The study is on achieving higher GDP growth in Ghana: which sector is to lead. The main objective of this paper was to examine the contributions of the agricultural, service and industrial sectors to economic growth in Ghana. Time series data from 1966 to 2011 on all the variables of interest was obtained from the World Development Indicators 2012 series. The Ordinary Least Squares estimation technique was used for the analysis. The results showed that a 1% increase in the growth of the agricultural sector will cause GDP growth to increase by 0.452849%. Also, a 1% increase in the growth of the services sector will lead to 0.376308% increase in GDP growth. Finally, 1% increase in the growth of the industrial sector will bring 0.1827% increase in GDP growth. All the explanatory variables are statistically significant at the 5% level of significance. It is concluded that the agriculture sector contributed most to the overall growth. It is recommended that for Ghana to achieve higher GD...
The main aims of this study were to determine the conditions that influence electric power consum... more The main aims of this study were to determine the conditions that influence electric power consumption in Ghana and also estimate the extent to which electric power consumption impact on the various sectors of the Ghanaian economy. The ordinary least squares method of data estimation technique was used. The models specified were indentified to be good models. This revealed that the major factors that influence electricity consumption in Ghana are population, the size of the Ghanaian economy, foreign inflows, the general price level, and trade. The study also revealed that electric power consumption affected agricultural production in Ghana negatively and the margin of the decrease was 0.0284186. More so, the study identified that electricity consumption had a positive effect on manufacturing sector of the Ghanaian economy though its value was statistically insignificant. The degree of the elasticity was 0.072129. Finally, the study showed that electric power consumption affected the...
The abuse of incumbency during elections in order to retain power has become worldwide knowledge ... more The abuse of incumbency during elections in order to retain power has become worldwide knowledge and a contentious issue in Political Economics. This paper seeks to establish the evidence of political business cycle in Ghana. Data for the estimations were sourced from WDI, 2014. The data spanned from 1990 to 2013 within which Ghana has had six uninterrupted democratic elections and consistent democratic rule. Three different models were specified. The method of Ordinary Least Squares estimation technique was employed to determine the impact of election years on Government Consumption Expenditure, Fiscal Deficit and Real GDP. The results suggest that there are no significant impacts of election years on the changes in Government Consumption Expenditure, Fiscal Deficit and Real GDP in Ghana. However, it was determined that Government Consumption Expenditure and Fiscal Deficit have positive relationships with election years in Ghana, though statistically insignificantly. The study recommends that there should be more fiscal discipline, especially close to/or in election years in Ghana.
The topic of the study is Benefits of Fire Insurance and Consequences of Noncompliance. This stud... more The topic of the study is Benefits of Fire Insurance and Consequences of Noncompliance. This study was carried out to determine the level of public awareness of insurance benefits and to identify the reasons for non- compliance with fire insurance policies. Convenience sampling technique was used in the collection of data. The study indicated that electrical faults, carelessness, improper use of LPG gas and illegal connections cause fire outbreaks. Most Ghanaians do not comply with fire insurance policy; hence they do not know the benefit of fire insurance policy. Ghanaians do not comply with fire insurance policy due to inadequate education on fire insurance policies and their benefits, insurance companies not being reliable, lack of enforcement of the Insurance Act 2006, Act 724 section 184, and lack of interest in the fire insurance policy. Also the economy experiences unemployment, loss of property, loss of lives, decreases in output and low level of investment whenever there are fire outbreaks. The study revealed that the majority of Ghanaians are not aware of the Insurance Policy Act and its associated benefits. It is recommended that active education about the benefits of insurance and strict enforcement procedures should be followed.
The service sector in Ghana over the years has seen a tremendous growth, displacing both the agri... more The service sector in Ghana over the years has seen a tremendous growth, displacing both the agricultural and industrial sectors. Thus it is fitting to examine what drives this growth in the service sector of Ghana and also determine which of the sub-sectors is more potent. To achieve this, two models were specified. The method of Ordinary Least Squares estimation technique was employed to determine the potency of the service sub-sectors (transport and communication, tourism, financial institutions, health and education) and also to determine the contributions and impact of some macroeconomic variables (labour force, capital, real gross domestic product, service export and service import) on service output in Ghana. The study findings that financial institutions are the sub-sector that drives service output in Ghana. Also labour force and real gross domestic product per capita were determined as the key macroeconomic variables that drive the service sector growth in Ghana. Based on this, the study recommends that more investment be made in such areas.
The study seek to examine the awareness of Information and Communication Technology banking among... more The study seek to examine the awareness of Information and Communication Technology banking among customers; to analyze the usage of Information and Communication Technology in banking and to identify the benefits of Information and Communication Technology in banking. Convenience sampling technique was employed by the study. Questionnaire was used to collect the data. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data collected. Descriptive statistics (percentages and frequencies) was used to make inferences from the data analyzed. The findings regarding the study revealed that majority of the respondents (90%) have heard of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) whiles 10% said they were not aware of any banking services called Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The result also reveals that 41.1% use only ATM cards, the most widely used ICT products within the banks for transactions, however, significant proportion of respondents (22.2%) also uses combinations of ICT products. Results again show that ninety (90%) of respondents believed that ICT products and services have a positive effect, the most prominent effect was customers having more time for other businesses and administrative works get reduced drastically. Base on this, the researchers however, believed that considerable education and marketing of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) products and services of the banks will attract more customers and provide customer satisfaction.
This work presents the derivation of a mathematical model for extrapolating the population of Gha... more This work presents the derivation of a mathematical model for extrapolating the population of Ghana using Newton’s divided difference formula. Newton’s divided difference formula was used because of the uneven time intervals at which the population census was conducted. A simulation was done using mathematical software to estimate the parameters in the derived model because the exact solution was quite difficult. The model was able to predict the population of Ghana with a residual percentage error within 10%. We will therefore recommend the usage of this model to be used for countries in which the population censuses were conducted at uneven time intervals as was the case with Ghana.
This study identifies the macroeconomic factors which influence agricultural production in Ghana.... more This study identifies the macroeconomic factors which influence agricultural production in Ghana. The main purpose of the study is to find out the key macro factors that influence agricultural production in Ghana. The Cobb-Douglas production was employed and the Ordinary Least Squares estimation technique was used. Our dependent variable is agricultural output. The independent variables are labour force, inflation, real exchange rate and Real GDP per capita. We found that 1% increase in labour force caused agricultural production to decrease by 0.655946%. Also a 1% increase in inflation caused agricultural production to increase by 0.00459045%. In addition, a 1% increase in real exchange rate caused agricultural production to increase by 0.083949%. Finally, a 1% increase in real GDP per capita caused agricultural production to decrease by 1.05825%. Apart from inflation, labour force, real exchange rate and real GDP per capita were statistically significant. Therefore, the key macro economic factors that influence agricultural production in Ghana are labour force, real exchange rate and real GDP per capita. The agricultural sector should be made more attractive and conductive to ensure continuous production of food in Ghana.
This study examined the impact of tourism on economic performance in Ghana using Johansen's coint... more This study examined the impact of tourism on economic performance in Ghana using Johansen's cointegration approach. It was found that all the variables, nominal gross domestic product per capita, domestic tourism per capita and international tourism per capita were integrated at first order. The results of Johansen's cointegration test indicated that there exist only short run relationships among all the variables being considered. The study found out that previous record of the international tourism had a positive impact on nominal gross domestic product per capita and this impact is elastic. As a result, improvement in international tourism will lead to increase in nominal gross domestic product per capita. The Granger Causality test also showed that was unilateral causality between international tourism and nominal gross domestic product per capita and domestic tourism as well as international tourism. Finally, it was recommendations that international tourism should be encourage in all media to publish the tourism centers in Ghana to the outside world to attract more international tourists. Also, Ghanaians should be encouraged to patronize the tourist centers as domestic tourism caused international tourism to improve.
The study examined the effect of foreign trade on economic growth in Ghana by using a Johansen co... more The study examined the effect of foreign trade on economic growth in Ghana by using a Johansen cointegration analysis. It was found out that all the variables of interest; real gross domestic product, foreign direct investment exports, imports and foreign direct investment turned out to be non stationary at their levels but became stationary at their first difference. The results of Johansens's cointegration test indicated that there exist a long run and short run relationship among real gross domestic product, foreign direct investment, exports, imports and foreign direct investment in Ghana. The study found out that in the long run, exports had a positive effect on real gross domestic product and as a result, an increase in exports leads to an improvement in real gross domestic product. Imports and foreign direct investment had a negative effect on real gross domestic product, respectively. Therefore, a decline in both variables causes an improvement in real gross domestic product. In the long run all the variables were statistically significant at 5% significance level. The speed of adjustment was 4.57 percentage point taking place at each year towards the long run periods. Therefore, exports should be encouraged, diversified, processed raw materials before export to improve the real gross domestic product. Imports should be reduced by assisting our infant industries to produce more of our imported goods and services. Finally, foreign direct investment must be channeled to productive sectors of the economy (agriculture, education, health and housing) to improve the real gross domestic product of Ghana.
Grains are important dietary components, providing many nutrients including vitamins, minerals, p... more Grains are important dietary components, providing many nutrients including vitamins, minerals, protein, and complex carbohydrates. The objective of the study therefore was to determine the minimum dose of Gray that would be required to kill insects on or inside the grains without affecting the viability for experimental work and there by render the grains free of infestation for laboratory experiments. In this investigation, maize and cowpea seeds were infested with Sitophilus zeamais and Callosobruchus maculatus respectively for 52 days each. The cultures were further divided into fifty grams (50g) each and put into 42 plastic containers. The seeds were then irradiated in a Co-60 gamma cell with doses 40Gy [Gray], 80Gy, 150Gy, 200Gy, 300Gy and 500Gy. The irradiated seeds were then examined for the number of insects alive in each case and the effect of the gamma irradiation on viability of the grain seeds. It was concluded that both Sitophilus zeamais and Callosobruchus maculatus were susceptible to gamma doses between 200Gy-500Gy. As much as 100% mortality was recorded for both insect at some doses. Germination tests subsequently carried out showed that gamma irradiation had no effect on seed viability.
The main aims of this study were to determine the conditions that influence electric power consum... more The main aims of this study were to determine the conditions that influence electric power consumption in Ghana and also estimate the extent to which electric power consumption impact on the various sectors of the Ghanaian economy. The ordinary least squares method of data estimation technique was used. The models specified were identified to be good models. This revealed that the major factors that influence electricity consumption in Ghana are population, the size of the Ghanaian economy, foreign inflows, the general price level, and trade. The study also revealed that electric power consumption affected agricultural production in Ghana negatively and the margin of the decrease was 0.0284186. More so, the study identified that electricity consumption had a positive effect on manufacturing sector of the Ghanaian economy though its value was statistically insignificant. The degree of the elasticity was 0.072129. Finally, the study showed that electric power consumption affected the services output negatively. The degree of the effect was 0.0245882. This study strongly concludes that more electric power supply should be allocated to the manufacturing sector of Ghana to promote sustainable economic growth and development.
The study examined what causes an individual to dispose of waste improperly in Ghana? What effect... more The study examined what causes an individual to dispose of waste improperly in Ghana? What effects does poor sanitation bring to the citizens and the nation Ghana? And who is to ensure that Ghanaians do the right things in terms of sanitation issues? The study employed convenience sampling technique of sampling methods. It was discovered that most of the respondents had dust bins where they dispose-off their refuse. The majority of the respondents disposes-off their refuse every three days. According to the respondents Zoomlion Ghana Company was in charge of waste collection at Kaneshie. The majority of the respondents had an idea of communicable diseases that is being associated with indiscriminate solid waste disposal. The predominant communicable disease that the respondents knew was diarrhea. The respondents agree to the fact that air pollution and flooding were the major environmental effects of poor sanitation at Kaneshie. The majority of the respondents agreed that enforcement of sanitation bylaws could help manage the disposal of solid waste at Kaneshie. The majority of the respondents agreed to pay private companies to collect their waste. For poor sanitation most respondents blamed the individuals. It was discovered that private companies were doing better than government in the handling of waste management. The study suggested that there should be constant education on sanitation and its related issues, bylaws on sanitation should be properly insured to punish people who litter surroundings indiscriminately. People should develop proper attitudes and perception towards waste handling which should be achieved through both formal and informal education.
The study examined the effects of rural-urban migration in Ghana – a case study of Okaishie a sub... more The study examined the effects of rural-urban migration in Ghana – a case study of Okaishie a suburb of the Greater Accra region. The study employed convenience sampling technique. Well-structured questionnaires were used to gather the needed information. It revealed that the majority of the migrants were able bodied youth and majority of them were traders. The migrants’ main reason for migrating is to seek employment in the urban centers for better living. The other factor that motivated them to migrate from the rural areas to the urban center was access to good social amenities such as good drinking water, access to good and quality health care (hospital), good roads, good and quality education, access to electricity and entertainment. The migrants indicated that their respective villages lack these basic social amenities. Therefore, this study recommends that government should provide employment for the citizens in the rural areas by building more industries to prevent the rural folks from migrating into the urban centers. Also, private institutions can put up other food processing companies in the rural areas to provide employment for the youth. Farmers should be provided with loans for their businesses and extension officers should be sent regularly to the rural areas to educate the farmers on their farming activities for better yields. Finally, the government should provide basic necessities such as housing, education, hospitals, good roads, electricity, good drinking water and others in the rural areas of Ghana.
The main objectives of the study are to determine the impact of road traffic accidents on economi... more The main objectives of the study are to determine the impact of road traffic accidents on economic growth and also examine the effect that macroeconomic variables have on road traffic crashes in Ghana. The ordinary least squares method of statistical estimation was used in this study. The results obtained were very robust and valid. The study revealed that road traffic accidents affect economic growth negatively and the degree of the negative effect is 0.209588%, implying that, increase in road traffic accidents in Ghana, is a greater cost to the nation, all other things being constant. The study showed that, the major macroeconomic variables that affect road traffic accidents in Ghana are the size of the Ghanaian economy (GDP), standard of living of the citizens of Ghana (GDP per capita) and government spending. The study recommended that the use of safety helmet and belt must be enforced as well as strict rules regarding license issuing and ban of using mobile phone while driving.
The study determines the relationship between GDP (Gross Domestic Product) growth rate and inflat... more The study determines the relationship between GDP (Gross Domestic Product) growth rate and inflationary rate in Ghana from the period 1980 to 2012. The study employs the methods of scatter plot, correlation analysis and simple linear regression estimated using OLS (Ordinary Least Squares). All the three approaches proved that there is a strong negative linear relationship between GDP growth rate and inflation rate in Ghana. That is a 1% increase in inflation rate will cause GDP growth rate to decrease by 0.0864724%. However, a 1% decrease in inflation rate will cause GDP growth rate to increase by 0.0864724%. This value is statistically significant at the 5% level of significance. Therefore, policy makers should formulate and implement monetary, fiscal and physical policies that will continue to keep inflation rate downward to enhance economic growth and stability.
This study sought to find out the relationship between education and wages differentials and othe... more This study sought to find out the relationship between education and wages differentials and other factors that may account for the differences in wages among the various categories of workers as well as to determine factors that lead to investments in higher forms of education. The instrument employed for the investigation is mainly questionnaires. The research targeted a sample size of 100. The population considered was the labor force in Accra. However, considering the target group and how busy they are, resources and not having the luxury of time, we settled for a sample size of 100. The sampling technique employed was convenience sampling. The respondents were public and private sector workers. Pie charts, bar graphs, scatter diagrams and tables were employed to explain the pattern of some variables. Our findings showed that aside education, there were other factors that attributed to the existing wage differentials. Some of these factors include the sex of the worker, sector in which the worker works in, company policy, skills and working conditions. All these are significant causes of wage differentials.
This paper examined the macroeconomic determinants of inflation in Ghana using a cointegration ap... more This paper examined the macroeconomic determinants of inflation in Ghana using a cointegration approach. The main purpose of the paper is to investigate whether population growth, foreign direct investment, foreign aid, agricultural and service’s output have a significance influence on the inflationary situations experienced in Ghana over the study period. The method of analysis was the cointegration analysis. The stationarity properties of all the variables of interest were checked and established. All the variables under consideration were found to be integrated of order one, that is, I (1). Johansen cointegration approach showed that there is both long and short run relationship among the variables; therefore, the vector error correction model was estimated. The study identified population growth, foreign direct investment, foreign aid, and service’s output as major long run determinants of inflation in Ghana.
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estimations were sourced from WDI, 2014. The data spanned from 1990 to 2013 within which Ghana has had six uninterrupted democratic elections and consistent democratic rule. Three different models were specified. The method of Ordinary Least Squares estimation technique was employed to determine the impact of election years on Government Consumption Expenditure, Fiscal Deficit and Real GDP. The results suggest that there are no significant impacts of election years on the changes in Government Consumption Expenditure, Fiscal Deficit and Real GDP in Ghana. However, it was determined that Government Consumption Expenditure and Fiscal Deficit have positive relationships with election years in Ghana, though statistically insignificantly. The study recommends that there should be more fiscal discipline, especially close to/or in election years in Ghana.
growth in the service sector of Ghana and also determine which of the sub-sectors is more potent. To achieve this, two models were specified. The method of Ordinary Least Squares estimation technique was employed to determine the potency of the service sub-sectors (transport and communication, tourism, financial institutions, health and education) and also to determine the contributions and impact of some macroeconomic variables (labour force, capital, real gross domestic product, service export and service import) on service output in Ghana. The study findings that financial institutions are the sub-sector that drives service output in Ghana. Also labour force and real gross domestic product per capita were determined as the key macroeconomic variables that drive the service sector growth in Ghana. Based on this, the study recommends that more investment be made in such areas.
the respondents (90%) have heard of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) whiles 10% said they were not aware of any banking services called Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The result also reveals that
41.1% use only ATM cards, the most widely used ICT products within the banks for transactions, however, significant proportion of respondents (22.2%) also uses combinations of ICT products. Results again show that ninety (90%) of
respondents believed that ICT products and services have a positive effect, the most prominent effect was customers having more time for other businesses and administrative works get reduced drastically. Base on this, the researchers
however, believed that considerable education and marketing of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) products and services of the banks will attract more customers and provide customer satisfaction.
agricultural production in Ghana. The Cobb-Douglas production was employed and the Ordinary Least Squares estimation technique was used. Our dependent variable is agricultural output. The independent variables are labour force, inflation, real exchange rate and Real GDP per capita. We found that 1% increase in labour force caused agricultural production to decrease by 0.655946%. Also a 1% increase in inflation caused agricultural production to increase by 0.00459045%. In addition, a 1% increase in real exchange rate caused agricultural production to increase by 0.083949%. Finally, a 1% increase in real GDP per capita caused agricultural production to decrease by 1.05825%. Apart from inflation, labour force, real exchange rate and real GDP per capita were statistically significant. Therefore, the key macro economic factors that influence agricultural production in Ghana are labour force, real exchange rate and real GDP per capita. The agricultural
sector should be made more attractive and conductive to ensure continuous production of food in Ghana.
capita and international tourism per capita were integrated at first order. The results of Johansen's cointegration test indicated that there exist only short run relationships among all the variables being considered. The study found out that previous record of the international tourism had a positive impact on nominal gross domestic product per capita and this impact is elastic. As a result, improvement in international tourism will lead to increase in nominal gross domestic product per capita. The Granger Causality test also showed that was unilateral causality between international tourism and nominal gross domestic product per capita and domestic tourism as well as international tourism. Finally, it was recommendations that international tourism should be encourage in all media to publish the tourism centers in Ghana to the outside world to attract more international tourists. Also, Ghanaians should
be encouraged to patronize the tourist centers as domestic tourism caused international tourism to improve.
the viability for experimental work and there by render the grains free of
infestation for laboratory experiments. In this investigation, maize and
cowpea seeds were infested with Sitophilus zeamais and Callosobruchus maculatus respectively for 52 days each. The cultures were further divided into fifty grams (50g) each and put into 42 plastic containers. The seeds were then irradiated in a Co-60 gamma cell with doses 40Gy [Gray], 80Gy, 150Gy, 200Gy, 300Gy and 500Gy. The irradiated seeds were then examined
for the number of insects alive in each case and the effect of the gamma irradiation on viability of the grain seeds. It was concluded that both Sitophilus zeamais and Callosobruchus maculatus were susceptible to gamma doses between 200Gy-500Gy. As much as 100% mortality was recorded for both insect at some doses. Germination tests subsequently carried out showed that gamma irradiation had no effect on seed viability.
estimated using OLS (Ordinary Least Squares). All the three approaches proved that there is a strong negative linear relationship between GDP growth rate and inflation
rate in Ghana. That is a 1% increase in inflation rate will cause GDP growth rate to decrease by 0.0864724%. However, a 1% decrease in inflation rate will cause GDP growth rate to increase by 0.0864724%. This value is statistically significant at the
5% level of significance. Therefore, policy makers should formulate and implement monetary, fiscal and physical policies that will continue to keep inflation rate downward to enhance economic growth and stability.
estimations were sourced from WDI, 2014. The data spanned from 1990 to 2013 within which Ghana has had six uninterrupted democratic elections and consistent democratic rule. Three different models were specified. The method of Ordinary Least Squares estimation technique was employed to determine the impact of election years on Government Consumption Expenditure, Fiscal Deficit and Real GDP. The results suggest that there are no significant impacts of election years on the changes in Government Consumption Expenditure, Fiscal Deficit and Real GDP in Ghana. However, it was determined that Government Consumption Expenditure and Fiscal Deficit have positive relationships with election years in Ghana, though statistically insignificantly. The study recommends that there should be more fiscal discipline, especially close to/or in election years in Ghana.
growth in the service sector of Ghana and also determine which of the sub-sectors is more potent. To achieve this, two models were specified. The method of Ordinary Least Squares estimation technique was employed to determine the potency of the service sub-sectors (transport and communication, tourism, financial institutions, health and education) and also to determine the contributions and impact of some macroeconomic variables (labour force, capital, real gross domestic product, service export and service import) on service output in Ghana. The study findings that financial institutions are the sub-sector that drives service output in Ghana. Also labour force and real gross domestic product per capita were determined as the key macroeconomic variables that drive the service sector growth in Ghana. Based on this, the study recommends that more investment be made in such areas.
the respondents (90%) have heard of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) whiles 10% said they were not aware of any banking services called Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The result also reveals that
41.1% use only ATM cards, the most widely used ICT products within the banks for transactions, however, significant proportion of respondents (22.2%) also uses combinations of ICT products. Results again show that ninety (90%) of
respondents believed that ICT products and services have a positive effect, the most prominent effect was customers having more time for other businesses and administrative works get reduced drastically. Base on this, the researchers
however, believed that considerable education and marketing of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) products and services of the banks will attract more customers and provide customer satisfaction.
agricultural production in Ghana. The Cobb-Douglas production was employed and the Ordinary Least Squares estimation technique was used. Our dependent variable is agricultural output. The independent variables are labour force, inflation, real exchange rate and Real GDP per capita. We found that 1% increase in labour force caused agricultural production to decrease by 0.655946%. Also a 1% increase in inflation caused agricultural production to increase by 0.00459045%. In addition, a 1% increase in real exchange rate caused agricultural production to increase by 0.083949%. Finally, a 1% increase in real GDP per capita caused agricultural production to decrease by 1.05825%. Apart from inflation, labour force, real exchange rate and real GDP per capita were statistically significant. Therefore, the key macro economic factors that influence agricultural production in Ghana are labour force, real exchange rate and real GDP per capita. The agricultural
sector should be made more attractive and conductive to ensure continuous production of food in Ghana.
capita and international tourism per capita were integrated at first order. The results of Johansen's cointegration test indicated that there exist only short run relationships among all the variables being considered. The study found out that previous record of the international tourism had a positive impact on nominal gross domestic product per capita and this impact is elastic. As a result, improvement in international tourism will lead to increase in nominal gross domestic product per capita. The Granger Causality test also showed that was unilateral causality between international tourism and nominal gross domestic product per capita and domestic tourism as well as international tourism. Finally, it was recommendations that international tourism should be encourage in all media to publish the tourism centers in Ghana to the outside world to attract more international tourists. Also, Ghanaians should
be encouraged to patronize the tourist centers as domestic tourism caused international tourism to improve.
the viability for experimental work and there by render the grains free of
infestation for laboratory experiments. In this investigation, maize and
cowpea seeds were infested with Sitophilus zeamais and Callosobruchus maculatus respectively for 52 days each. The cultures were further divided into fifty grams (50g) each and put into 42 plastic containers. The seeds were then irradiated in a Co-60 gamma cell with doses 40Gy [Gray], 80Gy, 150Gy, 200Gy, 300Gy and 500Gy. The irradiated seeds were then examined
for the number of insects alive in each case and the effect of the gamma irradiation on viability of the grain seeds. It was concluded that both Sitophilus zeamais and Callosobruchus maculatus were susceptible to gamma doses between 200Gy-500Gy. As much as 100% mortality was recorded for both insect at some doses. Germination tests subsequently carried out showed that gamma irradiation had no effect on seed viability.
estimated using OLS (Ordinary Least Squares). All the three approaches proved that there is a strong negative linear relationship between GDP growth rate and inflation
rate in Ghana. That is a 1% increase in inflation rate will cause GDP growth rate to decrease by 0.0864724%. However, a 1% decrease in inflation rate will cause GDP growth rate to increase by 0.0864724%. This value is statistically significant at the
5% level of significance. Therefore, policy makers should formulate and implement monetary, fiscal and physical policies that will continue to keep inflation rate downward to enhance economic growth and stability.