Spiralia

Spiralia; Julat zaman: Cambrian–Recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N Possible Ediacaran fossil
Pengelasan saintifik
Domain:	Eukaryota
Alam:	Animalia
Subalam:	Eumetazoa
Klad:	ParaHoxozoa
Klad:	Bilateria
Klad:	Nefrozoa
(tanpa pangkat):	Protostomia
(tanpa pangkat):	Spiralia; sensu Edgecombe et al. 2011
Phyla
	Bryozoa; Cycliophora; Entoprocta; †Macrodontophion?; Platyzoa Gastrotricha; Gnathifera; Platyhelminthes; Mesozoa Dicyemida; Monoblastozoa?; Orthonectida?; ; ; Trochozoa Mollusca; Nemertea; Annelida; Brachiozoa †"Tommotiida" (paraphyletic); Brachiopoda; Phoronida; ; ;

Spiralia adalah kumpulan klad haiwan protostom yang beraneka ragam secara morfologi, termasuk di dalam bilangan mereka molluska, annelida, platyhelminth dan takson lain.^[5] Istilah Spiralia digunakan untuk phyla yang menunjukkan belahan spiral kanonikal, satu corak perkembangan awal yang terdapat dalam kebanyakan (tetapi tidak semua) ahli Lophotrochozoa.^[6]

Rujukan

^ Telford, Maximilian J. (2019). "Evolution: Arrow Worms Find Their Place on the Tree of Life". Current Biology. 29 (5): R152–R154. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.12.029. PMID 30836082.
^ Fedonkin, M.A.; Waggoner, B.M. (28 August 1997). "The Late Precambrian fossil Kimberella is a mollusc-like bilaterian organism". Nature. 388 (6645): 868. Bibcode:1997Natur.388..868F. doi:10.1038/42242. S2CID 4395089.
^ Fedonkin, M.A.; Simonetta, A.; Ivantsov, A.Y. (2007). "New data on Kimberella, the Vendian mollusc-like organism (White Sea region, Russia): palaeoecological and evolutionary implications" (PDF). Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 286 (1): 157–179. Bibcode:2007GSLSP.286..157F. doi:10.1144/SP286.12. S2CID 331187. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 November 2012. Retrieved 10 July 2008.
^ Polyzoa is back: The effect of complete gene sets on the placement of Ectoprocta and Entoprocta - Science
^ Giribet, G. (April 2008). "Mensatukan pokok kehidupan lophotrochozoan (=spiralian)". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 363 (1496): 1513–22. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2241. PMC 2614230. PMID 18192183.
^ "Explanations.html". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-02-07. Dicapai pada 2009-06-28.

[1] Telford, Maximilian J. (2019). "Evolution: Arrow Worms Find Their Place on the Tree of Life". Current Biology. 29 (5): R152–R154. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.12.029. PMID 30836082.

[2] Fedonkin, M.A.; Waggoner, B.M. (28 August 1997). "The Late Precambrian fossil Kimberella is a mollusc-like bilaterian organism". Nature. 388 (6645): 868. Bibcode:1997Natur.388..868F. doi:10.1038/42242. S2CID 4395089.

[3] Fedonkin, M.A.; Simonetta, A.; Ivantsov, A.Y. (2007). "New data on Kimberella, the Vendian mollusc-like organism (White Sea region, Russia): palaeoecological and evolutionary implications" (PDF). Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 286 (1): 157–179. Bibcode:2007GSLSP.286..157F. doi:10.1144/SP286.12. S2CID 331187. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 November 2012. Retrieved 10 July 2008.

[4] Polyzoa is back: The effect of complete gene sets on the placement of Ectoprocta and Entoprocta - Science

[pmid18192183-5] Giribet, G. (April 2008). "Mensatukan pokok kehidupan lophotrochozoan (=spiralian)". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 363 (1496): 1513–22. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2241. PMC 2614230. PMID 18192183.

[urlExplanations.html-6] "Explanations.html". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-02-07. Dicapai pada 2009-06-28.

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