Republik Demokratik Afghanistan
| 1978–1992 | |||||||||
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| Lagu kebangsaan: Garam shah lā garam shah گرم شاه، لا گرم شاه | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
| Ibu negara | Kabul | ||||||||
| Bahasa yang umum digunakan | Dari Pashto | ||||||||
| Agama | Islam | ||||||||
| Kerajaan | Negara satu parti sosialis (1979–87) Negara Islam (1987–92) | ||||||||
| Setiausaha Agung | |||||||||
• 1978–1979 | Nur Muhammad Taraki | ||||||||
• 1986–1992 | Mohammad Najibullah | ||||||||
| Ketua Negara | |||||||||
• 1978–1979 | Nur Muhammad Taraki | ||||||||
• 1992 | Abdul Rahim Hatif | ||||||||
| Perdana Menteri | |||||||||
• 1978–1979 | Nur Muhammad Taraki | ||||||||
• 1990–1992 | Fazal Haq Khaliqyar | ||||||||
| Badan perundangan | Dewan Revolusi | ||||||||
| Era Sejarah | Perang Dingin | ||||||||
| 27–28 April 1978 | |||||||||
• Didirikan | 30 April 1978 | ||||||||
| 27 Disember 1979 | |||||||||
• Tentera Soviet keluar | 15 Februari 1989 | ||||||||
| 28 April 1992 | |||||||||
| Keluasan | |||||||||
| 1992 | 647,500 km2 (250,000 bt2) | ||||||||
| Populasi | |||||||||
• 1992 | 13811900 | ||||||||
| Mata wang | Afghani (AFA) | ||||||||
| Kod ISO 3166 | AF | ||||||||
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Republik Demokratik Afghanistan (DRA), (Pashto: دافغانستان دمکراتی جمهوریت, Dǝ Afġānistān Dimukratī Jumhūriyat, Dari: جمهوری دمکراتی افغانستان, Jumhūri-ye Dimukrātī-ye Afġānistān dinamakan semula kepada Republik Afghanistan Pashto: د افغانستان جمهوریت, Dǝ Afġānistān Jumhūriyat, Dari: جمهوری افغانستان, Jumhūrī-ye Afġānistān pada tahun 1987, merangkumi sejarah kebangsaan Afghanistan dari 1978 hingga 1992, semasa pemerintahan satu parti Rakyat Parti Demokratik Afghanistan (PDPA).
Bibliografi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Achcar, Gilbert (2004). Eastern Cauldron: Islam, Afghanistan and Palestine in the Mirror of Marxism. Pluto Press. ISBN 978-0-7453-2203-2.
- Adamec, Ludwig (2011). Historical Dictionary of Afghanistan. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7815-0.
- Amtstutz, J. Bruce (1994a). Afghanistan: The First Five Years of Soviet Occupation. DIANE Publishing. ISBN 978-0788111112.
- Amtstutz, J. Bruce (1994b). Afghanistan: Past and Present. DIANE Publishing.
- Arnold, Anthony (1983). Afghanistan's Two-party Communism: Parcham and Khalq. Hoover Press. ISBN 978-0-8179-7792-4.
- Asthana, N.C.; Nirmal, A. (2009). Urban Terrorism: Myths and Realities. Pointer Publishers. m/s. 219. ISBN 978-81-7132-598-6.
- Bonosky, Phillip (2001). Afghanistan–Washington's Secret War. International Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7178-0732-1.
- Braithwaite, Rodric (2011). Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979–1989. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-983265-1.
- Brecher, Michael; Wilkenfeld, Jonathan (1997). A Study of Crisis. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-10806-0.
- Brown, Archie (2009). The Rise & Fall of Communism. London: Bodley Head. ISBN 978-0-224-07879-5.
- Camp, Dick (2012). Boots on the Ground: The Fight to Liberate Afghanistan from Al-Qaeda and the Taliban, 2001–2002. Zenith Imprint. ISBN 978-0-7603-4111-7.
- Christensen, Asger (1995). Aiding Afghanistan: The Background and Prospects for Reconstruction in a Fragmented Society. 25. NIAS Press. ISBN 978-87-87062-44-2.
- Dorronsoro, Gilles (2005). Revolution Unending: Afghanistan, 1979 to the Present. C. Hurst & Co Publishers. ISBN 978-1-85065-703-3.
- Edwards, David (2002). Before Taliban: Genealogies of the Afghan Jihad. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22861-0.
- Ende, Werner; Steinbach, Udo (2010). Islam in the World Today: a Handbook of Politics, Religion, Culture, and Society. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-4571-2.
- Garthoff, Raymond (1994). Détente and Confrontation: American–Soviet relations from Nixon to Reagan. Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 978-0-8157-3041-5.
- Girardet, Edward (1985). Afghanistan: The Soviet War. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-7099-3802-6.
- Giustozzi, Antonio (2000). War, Politics and Society in Afghanistan, 1978–1992. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. ISBN 978-1-85065-396-7.
- Gladstone, Cary (2001). Afghanistan Revisited. Nova Publishers. ISBN 978-1590334218.
- Hussain, Rizwan (2005). Pakistan and the Emergence of Islamic militancy in Afghanistan. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-4434-7.
- Isby, David (1986). Russia's War in Afghanistan. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85045-691-2.
- Jefferson, Thomas (2010). Afghanistan: a Cultural and Political History. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14568-6.
- Kakar, Hassan; Kakar, Mohammed (1997). Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979–1982. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-20893-3.
- Kalinovsky, Artemy (2011). A Long Goodbye: The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-05866-8.
- Kamali, Mohammad Hashim (1985). Law in Afghanistan: a Study of the Constitutions, Matrimonial law and the Judiciary. BRILL Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-07128-5.
- Kanet, Roger (1987). The Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, and the Third World. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-34459-3.
- Male, Beverley (1982). Revolutionary Afghanistan: A Reappraisal. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-7099-1716-8.
- Misdaq, Nabi (2006). Afghanistan: Political Frailty and External Interference. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0415702058.
- Otto, Jan Michiel (2010). Sharia Incorporated: A Comparative Overview of the Legal Systems of Twelve Muslim Countries in Past and Present. Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 978-90-8728-057-4.
- Tomsen, Peter (2011). The Wars of Afghanistan: Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflicts, and the Failures of Great Powers. PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-58648-763-8.
- Raciopi, Linda (1994). Soviet policy towards South Asia since 1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-41457-9.
- Rasanayagam, Angelo (2005). Afghanistan: A Modern History. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1850438571.
- Reese, Roger (2002). The Soviet Military Experience: A History of the Soviet Army, 1917–1991. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-203-01185-0.
- Runion, Meredith (2007). The History of Afghanistan. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-33798-7.
- Saikal, Amin; Maley, William (1989). The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-37588-7.
- Staff writers (2002). Regional Surveys of the World: Far East and Australasia 2003. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-85743-133-9.
- Tripathi, Deepak; Falk, Richard (2010). Breeding Ground: Afghanistan and the Origins of Islamist Terrorism. Potomac Books, Inc. ISBN 978-1-59797-530-8.
- Weiner, Myron; Banuazizi, Ali (1994). The Politics of Social Transformation in Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0-8156-2608-4.
- Yassari, Nadjma (2005). The Sharīʻa in the Constitutions of Afghanistan, Iran, and Egypt: Implications for Private Law. Mohr Siebeck. ISBN 978-3-16-148787-3.
- Lavigne, Marie (1992). The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in the Global Economy (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521414173.
Pautan luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Soviet Air Power: Tactics and Weapons Used in Afghanistan by Lieutenant Colonel Denny R. Nelson
- Video on Afghan-Soviet War from the Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
- Library of Congress Country Study — Afghanistan
- Soviet Documents
- Online Afghan Calendar with Historical dates
- Red Army in Afghanistan di YouTube