Padma Vibhushan

Padma Vibhushan
Padma Vibhushan
पद्म विभूषण
	Obverse
Dianugerahkan oleh ; ; Kerajaan India
Jenis	National Civilian
Dizahirkan	1954
Negara	India
Reben
Perangkaan
Pelantikan pertama	1954 Satyendra Nath Bose; Nandalal Bose; Zakir Husain; Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher; V. K. Krishna Menon; Jigme Dorji Wangchuck;
Pelantikan terakhir	2019 Teejan Bai; Ismaïl Omar Guelleh ; Anil Manibhai Naik; Balwant Moreshwar Purandare;
Jumlah lantikan	307
Susunan keutamaan
Lebih tinggi	Bharat Ratna
Lebih rendah	Padma Bhushan
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Padma Vibhushan ialah penghargaan awam tertinggi kedua dari Republik India, yang kedua hanya kepada Bharat Ratna. Ditubuhkan pada 2 Januari 1954, anugerah ini diberikan untuk "perkhidmatan yang luar biasa dan cemerlang", tanpa perbezaan kaum, pekerjaan, jawatan, atau jantina. Kriteria penghargaan termasuk "perkhidmatan dalam mana-mana bidang termasuk perkhidmatan yang diberikan oleh pegawai Kerajaan" termasuk doktor dan saintis, tetapi tidak termasuk mereka yang bekerja dengan sektor awam. Setakat 2019^{[kemas kini]}, anugerah ini telah diberikan kepada 307 individu, termasuk dua belas anumerta dan 20 penerima bukan warganegara.^[1]^[2]

Rujukan

^ Lal, Shavax A. (1954). "The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I" (PDF). The Gazette of India. The President's Secretariat (diterbitkan 2 January 1954): 2. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 14 May 2014. Dicapai pada 26 September 2015. The President is pleased to institute an award to be designated 'Padma Vibhushan' in three classes, namely: 'Pahla Varg', 'Dusra Varg' and 'Tisra Varg'
^ Ayyar, N. M. (1955). "The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I" (PDF). The Gazette of India. The President's Secretariat (diterbitkan 15 January 1955): 8. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 18 May 2014. Dicapai pada 26 September 2015. All persons upon whom the decoration of Padma Vibhushan (Pahela Warg) was conferred under the Regulations issued with Notification No. 2-Pres./54, dated the 2nd January, 1954, shall, for all purposes of these regulations, be deemed to be persons on whom the decoration of Padma Vibhushan has been conferred by the President.

Bibliografi

Bhattacherje, S. B. (2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 978-81-207-4074-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Edgar, Thorpe (2011). The Pearson General Knowledge Manual 2011. Pearson Education India. ISBN 978-81-317-5640-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Hoiberg, Dale; Ramchandani, Indu (2000). Students' Britannica India. 1–5. Popular Prakashan. ISBN 978-81-7156-112-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Pautan luar

Tapak web rasmi
"Awards & Medals". Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 14 September 2015. Dicapai pada 22 October 2015.

[award1954-1] Lal, Shavax A. (1954). "The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I" (PDF). The Gazette of India. The President's Secretariat (diterbitkan 2 January 1954): 2. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 14 May 2014. Dicapai pada 26 September 2015. The President is pleased to institute an award to be designated 'Padma Vibhushan' in three classes, namely: 'Pahla Varg', 'Dusra Varg' and 'Tisra Varg'

[award1955-2] Ayyar, N. M. (1955). "The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I" (PDF). The Gazette of India. The President's Secretariat (diterbitkan 15 January 1955): 8. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 18 May 2014. Dicapai pada 26 September 2015. All persons upon whom the decoration of Padma Vibhushan (Pahela Warg) was conferred under the Regulations issued with Notification No. 2-Pres./54, dated the 2nd January, 1954, shall, for all purposes of these regulations, be deemed to be persons on whom the decoration of Padma Vibhushan has been conferred by the President.

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