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Nasionalisme kulit putih

Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.

Nasionalisme kulit putih ialah gagasan nasionalisme atau pan-nasionalisme yang menyatakan bahawa orang kulit putih ialah suatu perkauman.[1] Ahli gagasan ini ingin membangunkan dan mempertahankan identiti nasionalis kulit putih.[2][3][4] Para penyokongnya juga menggagas konsep "bangsa kulit putih".[5] Mereka menyatakan bahawa mereka ingin memastikan kelangsungan orang kulit putih dan juga budaya negara-negara yang didominasi oleh orang-orang kulit putih. Mereka merasakan bahawa orang berkulit putih sebaiknya tetap menjadi majoriti di negara-negara tersebut, tetap mempertahankan dominasi ekonomi dan politik mereka, dan budaya mereka harus diutamakan.[4] Banyak kumpulan nasionalis kulit putih yang berkeyakinan bahawa perkahwinan campur, multibudayalisme, kedatangan orang-orang yang bukan kulit putih, dan kadar kesuburan yang rendah kini mengancam kelangsungan hidup orang berkulit putih,[6] dan bahkan ada yang mendakwa bahawa konspirasi genosid kulit putih telah berlaku.[6]

Gagasan ini sering kali dikaitkan dengan konsep separatisme kulit putih dan ketuanan kulit putih; separatis ingin mewujudkan negara khusus orang kulit putih, sementara ketuanan merasa bahawa orang kulit putih ialah kaum terbaik di dunia[4] dan diinspirasi dari Darwinisme sosial dan Nazisme.[7] Dua kumpulan penganut gagasan ini menghindari istilah "ketuanan" kerana memiliki konotasi yang negatif.[8]

Para pengkritik gagasan nasionalisme kulit putih menyatakan bahawa gagasan ini beserta konsep kebanggaan kulit putih hanya menjadi samaran untuk gagasan ketuanan kulit putih.

Nota kaki

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  1. ^ Heidi Beirich and Kevin Hicks. "Chapter 7: White nationalism in America". In Perry, Barbara. Hate Crimes. Greenwood Publishing, 2009. hlm.114-115
  2. ^ Conversi, Daniele (July 2004). "Can nationalism studies and ethnic/racial studies be brought together?". Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. Taylor and Francis. 30 (4): 815–29. doi:10.1080/13691830410001699649.CS1 maint: postscript (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  3. ^ Heidi Beirich and Kevin Hicks. "Chapter 7: White Nationalism in America". In Perry, Barbara. Hate Crimes. Greenwood Publishing, 2009. hlm.119. "One of the primary political goals of white nationalism is to forge a white identity".
  4. ^ a b c "White Nationalism, Explained". The New York Times. 21 November 2016. "White nationalism, he said, is the belief that national identity should be built around white ethnicity, and that white people should therefore maintain both a demographic majority and dominance of the nation’s culture and public life. [...] white nationalism is about maintaining political and economic dominance, not just a numerical majority or cultural hegemony".
  5. ^ Rothì, Despina M.; Lyons, Evanthia; Chryssochoou, Xenia (February 2005). "National attachment and patriotism in a European nation: a British study". Political Psychology. Wiley. 26 (1): 135–55. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2005.00412.x.CS1 maint: postscript (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) In this paper, nationalism is termed "identity content" and patriotism "relational orientation".
  6. ^ a b FBI Counterterrorism Division (13 December 2006). State of domestic white nationalist extremist movement in the United States. FBI Intelligence Assessment. m/s. 4.
  7. ^ Loftis, Susanne (April 11, 2003). "Interviews offer unprecedented look into the world and words of the new white nationalism". Vanderbilt News. Vanderbilt University.
  8. ^ Zeskind, Leonard (November 2005). "The New Nativism: The alarming overlap between white nationalists and mainstream anti-immigrant forces". The American Prospect. The American Prospect, Inc. 16 (11).CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Bacaan lanjut

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  • Ankerl, Guy (2000). Coexisting Contemporary Civilizations. Geneva: INUPRESS. ISBN 0-9656383-2-4.
  • Josey, Charles Conant (1983) [1923]. The Philosophy of Nationalism. Washington, D.C.: Cliveden Press. ISBN 1-878465-10-4.
  • Levin, Michael E. (1997). Why Race Matters: Race Differences and What They Mean. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0-275-95789-6.
  • McDaniel, George (ed.) (2003). A Race Against Time: Racial Heresies for the 21st Century. Oakton, VA: New Century Foundation.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  • Robertson, Wilmot (1981). The Dispossessed Majority. Cape Canaveral, FL: Howard Allen. ISBN 0-914576-15-1.
  • Robertson, Wilmot (1993). The Ethnostate. Cape Canaveral, FL: Howard Allen. ISBN 0-914576-22-4.
  • Swain, Carol M. (2003). Contemporary Voices of White Nationalism in America. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-01693-2.