Iwi

Iwi ([i.wi]) merupakan unit masyarakat terbesar yang ada dalam kalangan orang Māori iaitu masyarakat peribumi New Zealand sepadan dengan "bangsa" (nation)^[1] atau "suku" (tribe).^[2] Unit ini dibentuk secara simbolik didasarkan kepada kelompok-kelompok orang yang berhijrah dari Polinesia (terutamanya dari rantau Hawaiki) melalui suatu salasilah keluarga (whakapapa) dan kumpulan yang mendayung dalam perahu-perahu khas iaitu waka.

Iwi-iwi ini memainkan peranan penting dalam masyarakat serta politik New Zealand moden lagi-lagi sebagai pemegang kuasa dalam hal pengurusan tanah berikutan penandatanganan Perjanjian Waitangi.

Pengistilahan

Iwi pada asalnya bermaksud "tulang"^[3] dalam bahasa Māori, ia turunan bahasa Proto-Oseanik *suRi₁ yang bermaksud "duri", "selumbar" atau "tulang ikan" seterusnya dilanjutkan makna kepada "tulang" sendiri menggantikan kata akar *Cuqelaŋ dalam Bahasa Proto-Austronesia.^[4]

Setiap iwi terdiri kepada beberapa unit mirip suku dipanggil "hapū"; banyak iwi-iwi ini diberi nama berhujung "Ngāti" ([ngaa.ti]), "Ngāi" ([ngaai], dua-dua di Pulau Utara), "Kāti" ([kaa.ti]) atau "Kāi" ([kaai], dua-dua di Pulau Selatan) yang bermaksud "peranakan".

Lihat juga

Rujukan

^ Back cover: Ballara, A. (1998). Iwi: The dynamics of Māori tribal organisation from c.1769 to c.1945. Wellington, New Zealand: Victoria University Press. - See also: Durie, A. (1999). Emancipatory Māori education: Speaking from the heart. In S. May (Ed.), Indigenous community education (pp. 67–78). Philadelphia, PA: Multilingual Matters. - See also: Healey, S. M. (2006). The nature of the relationship of the Crown in New Zealand with iwi Māori. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Auckland, New Zealand. - See also: Sharp, A. (1999). What if value and rights lie foundationally in groups? The Maori case. Critical Review of International, Social and Political Philosophy, 2(2), 1–28.
^ Taylor, R. (1848). A leaf from the natural history of New Zealand, or, A vocabulary of its different productions, &c., &c., with their native names. - White, J. (1887). The ancient history of the Maori, his mythology and traditions. - Smith, S. P. (1910). Maori wars of the nineteenth century; the struggle of the northern against the southern Maori tribes prior to the colonisation of New Zealand in 1840. - Best, E. (1934). The Maori as he was: A brief account of Maori life as it was in pre-European days. - Buck, P. (1949). The coming of the Maori.
^ "Iwi: glossary definition". National Library of New Zealand. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2011-12-14. Dicapai pada 9 September 2012.
^ Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen (2010). "*suRi₁: thorn, splinter, fish bone". Austronesian Comparative Dictionary. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Dicapai pada 28 Julai 2022.

Pautan luar

Tribal organisation - Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand

[1] Back cover: Ballara, A. (1998). Iwi: The dynamics of Māori tribal organisation from c.1769 to c.1945. Wellington, New Zealand: Victoria University Press. - See also: Durie, A. (1999). Emancipatory Māori education: Speaking from the heart. In S. May (Ed.), Indigenous community education (pp. 67–78). Philadelphia, PA: Multilingual Matters. - See also: Healey, S. M. (2006). The nature of the relationship of the Crown in New Zealand with iwi Māori. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Auckland, New Zealand. - See also: Sharp, A. (1999). What if value and rights lie foundationally in groups? The Maori case. Critical Review of International, Social and Political Philosophy, 2(2), 1–28.

[2] Taylor, R. (1848). A leaf from the natural history of New Zealand, or, A vocabulary of its different productions, &c., &c., with their native names. - White, J. (1887). The ancient history of the Maori, his mythology and traditions. - Smith, S. P. (1910). Maori wars of the nineteenth century; the struggle of the northern against the southern Maori tribes prior to the colonisation of New Zealand in 1840. - Best, E. (1934). The Maori as he was: A brief account of Maori life as it was in pre-European days. - Buck, P. (1949). The coming of the Maori.

[3] "Iwi: glossary definition". National Library of New Zealand. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2011-12-14. Dicapai pada 9 September 2012.

[ACD-4] Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen (2010). "*suRi₁: thorn, splinter, fish bone". Austronesian Comparative Dictionary. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Dicapai pada 28 Julai 2022.

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