Ishtseren Lochin
Phone: 976-88090915
Address: Jucov-77, Ulaanbaatar-13343
Bayanzurkh district, Mongolia
Tel: 976-11-455028
Mobile: 976-88090915
Fax: 976-11-458305
Address: Jucov-77, Ulaanbaatar-13343
Bayanzurkh district, Mongolia
Tel: 976-11-455028
Mobile: 976-88090915
Fax: 976-11-458305
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Therefore, bronze knifes are important artifacts that can shed light on the technological advances of ancient nomadic people. We studied designs and production methods of bronze knifes and traced changes over time since the 1st millennium BCE. Our analysis demonstrates a noticeable change in knifes. We suggest that the changes might have been triggered by the formation of equestrian nomadic cultures as well as environmental changes.
анализов, сделанных на 6 пробах, изъятых с остатков печей для плавки
железной руды и на 4 пробах, взятых с печи для обжига глиняных
изделий. Данные печи были обнаружены в 2011 году в рамках работ по
реализации совместного Монголо-Японского проекта “История металла
в Монголии”.
Полевой отряд данного проекта провел раскопочные работы на
трех площадках, из которых на площадке Ех.11.01 обнаружены остатки
печей для плавки железа, такие как фрагменты горнов для наддува,
шлак, некоторые фрагменты стенок печей. Из раскопов печей был
выявлен древесный уголь и по результатам лабораторных анализов,
печи датируются I веком. Однако, пробы, взятые с близлежащей
площадки, где были обнаружены шлак и фрагменты горнов, датируются
I веком до н.э.. В рамках проекта также были взяты пробы древесного
угля с остатков печи для обжига глиняных изделий, расположенных
неподалеку от печей для плавки железа, и они имеют примерно тот -
же возраст. Исходя из этого участники проекта предполагают, что печи
из местности Хустын булаг, являющиеся свидетельствами производства
железа и керамических изделий и относящиеся к промежутку времени
от I века до н.э. до I века, являются памятниками Хунну.
technologies among the nomadic pastoralists is a
highly debated, and yet poorly understood topic among
archaeologists. The main focus of this research is to find
answers to questions on how metallurgy affected the
formation of early statehood in the steppe by the nomadic
people as well as how they created a production and a supply
chain to sustain their needs. For that, 6 metallurgical sites,
which were found in Mongolia, from the Xiongnu period
have been thoroughly analyzed and have been compared
with metal objects found within mortuary features. In
addition, typological comparisons have been made with
metal artifacts recovered from sites in Minusinsk, Tuva,
and Baikal lake region
Ongoing study of
(panicum miliaceum L.) impression on the
vessels from xiongnu potteries
Keywords: Impression method, Xiongnu’s agriculture, panicum
miliaceum L., pottery, settlement of Boroo gol, settlement of
Ivolga, Noyon uul
We publishing study of impression method on the vessels
from xiongnu potteries result in Institute of Archaeology,
Mongolian Academy of sciences. We choice the six
different sites of the xiongnu and six potteries, collected
thirteen samples of seeds and insect from potteries surface
at small holes. That’s seeds were millet, but all potteries
found in the six different cemetery sites. That’s result is so
interesting and we had some research question. How is that
millets mixed on potteries, using process? or crafting process?
That seeds were mixed on the potteries in the crafting
place, when it made in clay. We assume, crafting place had
been so close from seeds storage.
in Avarga Palace ruin
One of important result of 2015 fieldwork
is the newly found iron melting furnace in
Avarga Palace ruin, and some of analyzes of
the ground hearth is presented in this article.
This ground furnace was used in the second
half of XIII century or 1225-1295 cal AD
(2σ: IAAA-150907). Some of important data
to confirm the last product producing in the
furnace found close to the site as iron knife,
ingot and nails. Consequently, a part of small
vase which has cold (Au-76%), and silver
(Ag-13%) adhesion in the inner side is the
confirmation of cast work in this site. This kind
of cast vase has found first in Mongolia. By
the result of the study, the sitting pose of black
smiths` work place is determined. Because,
the standing pose of black smiths` place
confirmed by previous excavation, it could be
considered that many steps of black smiths has
been worked and produced iron products by
own technologies in Avarga Palace.
soum, Tuv province, the authors of this paper introduce a comparative research
on the iron smelting furnaces that have been found in Mongolia and Russia.
Iron smelting furnaces that associated with the Xiongnu Empire were involved
in the comparative analyses – the site of Baga Nariiny Am, Khar Khorum
soum, Uvurkhangai province and the furnaces in the Minusinsk basin and
Baikal Lake. As a result, the researchers determined that these sites have similar
pit furnaces that would fall into three main types by design and chronology.
Through this research the authors investigated iron production system of the
Xiongnu in depth, revealing technological differences from the Han dynasty
iron production.
Therefore, bronze knifes are important artifacts that can shed light on the technological advances of ancient nomadic people. We studied designs and production methods of bronze knifes and traced changes over time since the 1st millennium BCE. Our analysis demonstrates a noticeable change in knifes. We suggest that the changes might have been triggered by the formation of equestrian nomadic cultures as well as environmental changes.
анализов, сделанных на 6 пробах, изъятых с остатков печей для плавки
железной руды и на 4 пробах, взятых с печи для обжига глиняных
изделий. Данные печи были обнаружены в 2011 году в рамках работ по
реализации совместного Монголо-Японского проекта “История металла
в Монголии”.
Полевой отряд данного проекта провел раскопочные работы на
трех площадках, из которых на площадке Ех.11.01 обнаружены остатки
печей для плавки железа, такие как фрагменты горнов для наддува,
шлак, некоторые фрагменты стенок печей. Из раскопов печей был
выявлен древесный уголь и по результатам лабораторных анализов,
печи датируются I веком. Однако, пробы, взятые с близлежащей
площадки, где были обнаружены шлак и фрагменты горнов, датируются
I веком до н.э.. В рамках проекта также были взяты пробы древесного
угля с остатков печи для обжига глиняных изделий, расположенных
неподалеку от печей для плавки железа, и они имеют примерно тот -
же возраст. Исходя из этого участники проекта предполагают, что печи
из местности Хустын булаг, являющиеся свидетельствами производства
железа и керамических изделий и относящиеся к промежутку времени
от I века до н.э. до I века, являются памятниками Хунну.
technologies among the nomadic pastoralists is a
highly debated, and yet poorly understood topic among
archaeologists. The main focus of this research is to find
answers to questions on how metallurgy affected the
formation of early statehood in the steppe by the nomadic
people as well as how they created a production and a supply
chain to sustain their needs. For that, 6 metallurgical sites,
which were found in Mongolia, from the Xiongnu period
have been thoroughly analyzed and have been compared
with metal objects found within mortuary features. In
addition, typological comparisons have been made with
metal artifacts recovered from sites in Minusinsk, Tuva,
and Baikal lake region
Ongoing study of
(panicum miliaceum L.) impression on the
vessels from xiongnu potteries
Keywords: Impression method, Xiongnu’s agriculture, panicum
miliaceum L., pottery, settlement of Boroo gol, settlement of
Ivolga, Noyon uul
We publishing study of impression method on the vessels
from xiongnu potteries result in Institute of Archaeology,
Mongolian Academy of sciences. We choice the six
different sites of the xiongnu and six potteries, collected
thirteen samples of seeds and insect from potteries surface
at small holes. That’s seeds were millet, but all potteries
found in the six different cemetery sites. That’s result is so
interesting and we had some research question. How is that
millets mixed on potteries, using process? or crafting process?
That seeds were mixed on the potteries in the crafting
place, when it made in clay. We assume, crafting place had
been so close from seeds storage.
in Avarga Palace ruin
One of important result of 2015 fieldwork
is the newly found iron melting furnace in
Avarga Palace ruin, and some of analyzes of
the ground hearth is presented in this article.
This ground furnace was used in the second
half of XIII century or 1225-1295 cal AD
(2σ: IAAA-150907). Some of important data
to confirm the last product producing in the
furnace found close to the site as iron knife,
ingot and nails. Consequently, a part of small
vase which has cold (Au-76%), and silver
(Ag-13%) adhesion in the inner side is the
confirmation of cast work in this site. This kind
of cast vase has found first in Mongolia. By
the result of the study, the sitting pose of black
smiths` work place is determined. Because,
the standing pose of black smiths` place
confirmed by previous excavation, it could be
considered that many steps of black smiths has
been worked and produced iron products by
own technologies in Avarga Palace.
soum, Tuv province, the authors of this paper introduce a comparative research
on the iron smelting furnaces that have been found in Mongolia and Russia.
Iron smelting furnaces that associated with the Xiongnu Empire were involved
in the comparative analyses – the site of Baga Nariiny Am, Khar Khorum
soum, Uvurkhangai province and the furnaces in the Minusinsk basin and
Baikal Lake. As a result, the researchers determined that these sites have similar
pit furnaces that would fall into three main types by design and chronology.
Through this research the authors investigated iron production system of the
Xiongnu in depth, revealing technological differences from the Han dynasty
iron production.