The purpose of this study was (1) to determine if the ambulance report form (ARF) can be used as ... more The purpose of this study was (1) to determine if the ambulance report form (ARF) can be used as an appropriate sole data source for E-Coding of patients transported by ambulance and (2) to determine if non-hospital data collectors/abstractors can appropriately perform E-Coding using the ARF as the sole data source. The study was retrospective and cross-sectional. The time period was from March 1, 1992 through June 30, 1992. The study population was patients, 19 years of age or less, who were injured and were transferred from the scene of their injuries to a hospital by ambulance. Of the 2363 patients sustaining injuries, 2108 (89.20%) had an E-Code that had been determined from the ARF by paramedical or nurse abstractors. Only 11 (0.05%) were non-existent codes. Fifty-six (2.76%) were coded for unspecified motor vehicle crashes, fractures, falls or other incidents. This study suggests that the ARF can be used as the sole data source for E-Coding and that paramedics and/or nurses can do the coding from this data source. Future studies should determine the accuracy and reliability of E-Coding using the ARF as the sole data source. For the covering abstract of the conference see TRIS 00663162.
Abstract: Using an expert panel, we conducted a prospective study of all deaths due to injury occ... more Abstract: Using an expert panel, we conducted a prospective study of all deaths due to injury occurring in 24 non-MSA counties to determine the preventable death rate (PDR) and to identify the frequency and nature of inappropriate medical care associated with those ...
A preliminary, prospective study if injured adolescents, ages, 12-20, was conducted at two emerge... more A preliminary, prospective study if injured adolescents, ages, 12-20, was conducted at two emergency departments - a university hospital and an urban teaching hospital. Clinical information was collected from 380 subjects. Consent was obtained from 321 patients (and parents of those under 18) for a saliva alcohol test and a questionnaire covering demographics, alcohol use and misuse. Questionnaires were completed by 263 adolescents. Ninety-five (25%) were involved in motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). Positive alcohol tests were obtained from 8.3%, compared to 3.7% from those with injuries from other etiologies. Questionnaire data covering the past year showed that most MVC subjects reported using alcohol. More than half reported at least one negative consequence of drinking. Nearly half reported consuming 5+ drinks (binge drinking) at least once. Two-thirds reported drinking in settings unsupervised by adults. Regarding alcohol and motor vehicles: 24.2% drank alcohol riding around in a car; 18.2% drove after drinking; and 36.4% rode with a driver who had been drinking. MVC subjects were less likely to be in school, and more likely to report binge drinking. While only a small percentage of injured adolescents tested positive for alcohol when treated in the emergency department, questionnaires indicated extensive alcohol use and misuse at other times, especially in motor vehicles. This information should be used to intervene to prevent future alcohol-related injury. Measures of self-reported alcohol use and misuse are rarely obtained, but are good indicators of problematic alcohol use in adolescents.
Since its formal recognition as a medical specialty, the field of pediatric emergency medicine ha... more Since its formal recognition as a medical specialty, the field of pediatric emergency medicine has made substantial advances with respect to its scope and sophistication. These advances have occurred in clinical practice as well as in the research base to improve clinical practice. There remain, however, many areas in emergency medical services for children (EMSC), in the out-of-hospital as well as the emergency department (ED) and hospital settings, that suffer from a lack of data to guide practice. In an effort to expand the quality and quantity of research in pediatric emergency care, the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) was created in October 2001. PECARN is the first federally funded national network for research in EMSC. PECARN is the result of Cooperative Agreement grants funded through the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) with the purpose of developing an infrastructure capable of overcoming inherent barriers to pediatric EMSC research. Among these recognized barriers are low incidence rates of serious pediatric emergency events, the need for large numbers of children from varied backgrounds to achieve broadly representative study samples, lack of an infrastructure to test the efficacy of pediatric emergency care, and the need for a mechanism to translate study results into clinical practice. PECARN will serve as a national platform for collaborative research involving the continuum of care within the EMSC system, including out-of-hospital care, patient transport, ED and in-hospital care, and rehabilitation. This article describes the history of EMSC, the need for a national collaborative research network in EMSC, the organization and development of PECARN, and the work plan for the Network.
1. Acad Emerg Med. 2007 Apr;14(4):e41-2. Epub 2007 Feb 25. Food and Drug Administration public he... more 1. Acad Emerg Med. 2007 Apr;14(4):e41-2. Epub 2007 Feb 25. Food and Drug Administration public hearing on the conduct of emergency clinical research: testimony of Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network. ...
The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2007
This study examines a consecutive cohort of patients (n = 219) presenting to an urban Emergency D... more This study examines a consecutive cohort of patients (n = 219) presenting to an urban Emergency Department (ED) for cocaine-related chest pain (June 2002 to February 2005). Patients were interviewed regarding violence, substance use, and psychosocial factors. Significant markers of violence were increases in: past-year medical service use, binge drinking, marijuana use, cocaine diagnosis, but not cocaine use days. Rates and correlates of violence differed by relationship type (intimate partner, nonpartner) and role context (victimization, perpetration). Understanding these correlates has public health implications, both for preventing future violence and its associated ED service utilization, and for future interventions in cocaine users presenting to the ED.
The purpose of this study was (1) to determine if the ambulance report form (ARF) can be used as ... more The purpose of this study was (1) to determine if the ambulance report form (ARF) can be used as an appropriate sole data source for E-Coding of patients transported by ambulance and (2) to determine if non-hospital data collectors/abstractors can appropriately perform E-Coding using the ARF as the sole data source. The study was retrospective and cross-sectional. The time period was from March 1, 1992 through June 30, 1992. The study population was patients, 19 years of age or less, who were injured and were transferred from the scene of their injuries to a hospital by ambulance. Of the 2363 patients sustaining injuries, 2108 (89.20%) had an E-Code that had been determined from the ARF by paramedical or nurse abstractors. Only 11 (0.05%) were non-existent codes. Fifty-six (2.76%) were coded for unspecified motor vehicle crashes, fractures, falls or other incidents. This study suggests that the ARF can be used as the sole data source for E-Coding and that paramedics and/or nurses can do the coding from this data source. Future studies should determine the accuracy and reliability of E-Coding using the ARF as the sole data source. For the covering abstract of the conference see TRIS 00663162.
Abstract: Using an expert panel, we conducted a prospective study of all deaths due to injury occ... more Abstract: Using an expert panel, we conducted a prospective study of all deaths due to injury occurring in 24 non-MSA counties to determine the preventable death rate (PDR) and to identify the frequency and nature of inappropriate medical care associated with those ...
A preliminary, prospective study if injured adolescents, ages, 12-20, was conducted at two emerge... more A preliminary, prospective study if injured adolescents, ages, 12-20, was conducted at two emergency departments - a university hospital and an urban teaching hospital. Clinical information was collected from 380 subjects. Consent was obtained from 321 patients (and parents of those under 18) for a saliva alcohol test and a questionnaire covering demographics, alcohol use and misuse. Questionnaires were completed by 263 adolescents. Ninety-five (25%) were involved in motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). Positive alcohol tests were obtained from 8.3%, compared to 3.7% from those with injuries from other etiologies. Questionnaire data covering the past year showed that most MVC subjects reported using alcohol. More than half reported at least one negative consequence of drinking. Nearly half reported consuming 5+ drinks (binge drinking) at least once. Two-thirds reported drinking in settings unsupervised by adults. Regarding alcohol and motor vehicles: 24.2% drank alcohol riding around in a car; 18.2% drove after drinking; and 36.4% rode with a driver who had been drinking. MVC subjects were less likely to be in school, and more likely to report binge drinking. While only a small percentage of injured adolescents tested positive for alcohol when treated in the emergency department, questionnaires indicated extensive alcohol use and misuse at other times, especially in motor vehicles. This information should be used to intervene to prevent future alcohol-related injury. Measures of self-reported alcohol use and misuse are rarely obtained, but are good indicators of problematic alcohol use in adolescents.
Since its formal recognition as a medical specialty, the field of pediatric emergency medicine ha... more Since its formal recognition as a medical specialty, the field of pediatric emergency medicine has made substantial advances with respect to its scope and sophistication. These advances have occurred in clinical practice as well as in the research base to improve clinical practice. There remain, however, many areas in emergency medical services for children (EMSC), in the out-of-hospital as well as the emergency department (ED) and hospital settings, that suffer from a lack of data to guide practice. In an effort to expand the quality and quantity of research in pediatric emergency care, the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) was created in October 2001. PECARN is the first federally funded national network for research in EMSC. PECARN is the result of Cooperative Agreement grants funded through the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) with the purpose of developing an infrastructure capable of overcoming inherent barriers to pediatric EMSC research. Among these recognized barriers are low incidence rates of serious pediatric emergency events, the need for large numbers of children from varied backgrounds to achieve broadly representative study samples, lack of an infrastructure to test the efficacy of pediatric emergency care, and the need for a mechanism to translate study results into clinical practice. PECARN will serve as a national platform for collaborative research involving the continuum of care within the EMSC system, including out-of-hospital care, patient transport, ED and in-hospital care, and rehabilitation. This article describes the history of EMSC, the need for a national collaborative research network in EMSC, the organization and development of PECARN, and the work plan for the Network.
1. Acad Emerg Med. 2007 Apr;14(4):e41-2. Epub 2007 Feb 25. Food and Drug Administration public he... more 1. Acad Emerg Med. 2007 Apr;14(4):e41-2. Epub 2007 Feb 25. Food and Drug Administration public hearing on the conduct of emergency clinical research: testimony of Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network. ...
The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2007
This study examines a consecutive cohort of patients (n = 219) presenting to an urban Emergency D... more This study examines a consecutive cohort of patients (n = 219) presenting to an urban Emergency Department (ED) for cocaine-related chest pain (June 2002 to February 2005). Patients were interviewed regarding violence, substance use, and psychosocial factors. Significant markers of violence were increases in: past-year medical service use, binge drinking, marijuana use, cocaine diagnosis, but not cocaine use days. Rates and correlates of violence differed by relationship type (intimate partner, nonpartner) and role context (victimization, perpetration). Understanding these correlates has public health implications, both for preventing future violence and its associated ED service utilization, and for future interventions in cocaine users presenting to the ED.
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Papers by Ronald Maio