ABSTRACT To develop in vitro callus induction of Phyllanthus pulcher and investigate secondary me... more ABSTRACT To develop in vitro callus induction of Phyllanthus pulcher and investigate secondary metabolite activities, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) as two abiotic elicitors were evaluated. Growth and secondary metabolite production of callus from P. pulcher grown in Murashige and Skoog medium, supplemented with 1 mg L−1 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2, 4-D) and SA with a lower concentration (≤5 mg L−1) showed a significant effect on callus fresh weight, while the dry weight was not affected significantly by higher concentrations. However, in secondary metabolite content, including total flavonoid and phenolic contents and antioxidant activities, significant differences among different SA concentrations were observed. The results revealed that the high concentration of MeJA (>10 mM) inhibits the callus growth, and 1 mM of MeJA resulted in the highest yield for total flavonoid and phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. A very strong positive relationship (0.969) among TFC, TPC, and antioxidant activity was revealed.
Changes in seed viability due to environmental conditions are crucial factors to preserve seed ge... more Changes in seed viability due to environmental conditions are crucial factors to preserve seed germination ability in equatorial zones. Influence of relative humidity (RH) and frozen storage on the seed viability, nutritional compositions, trace metals and macro-nutrients of three Onobrychis viciifolia varieties (Golpaygan-181, Orumieh-1763 and Gorgan-1601) were investigated. Mean relative humidity of 84% hastened the loss of seed viability during 6 months, while frozen seeds at-20ºC only exerted a minimal deteriorative effect on the germination of seed and vigor index. HPLC profiles differed in peak areas of the two important alkaloids, Berberine and Sanguinarine, in ambient humidity compared with control condition. Accumulation of crude protein (CP) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) were enhanced under ambient humidity and frozen storage in seed cells. Relative humidity indicated positive effects on seed quality by crude fibre (CF) reduction. The atomic spectroscopy analysis confirmed the increment of trace metals ratio (Fe, Mn and Cu) and reduction of macro-nutrients ratio (Ca, P and N) in frozen storage after 6 months. Although vigor index and germination speed were lower in frozen storage seeds compared with control seeds, the notable results can be optimized in future studies.
Leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Callistemon viminalis on hydrodistilation, gave 1.40 % and... more Leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Callistemon viminalis on hydrodistilation, gave 1.40 % and 0.80% w/w an oil dried weight basis, respectively. GC-MS analysis of the oils resulted in the identification of 18 and 7 constituents, repectively, representing 99.31% and 98.07%, respectively, of the oil. γ-terpinene (71.36%) and o-cymene (17.63%) were the major components of E. camaldulensis. While 1,8-cineole (61.51%) and α-pinene (21.53%) were the major components of C. viminalis. From the results; E. camaldulensis and C. viminalis leaf oils from Malaysia have great potential and can be utilized as cheap sources for the commercial isolation of γ-terpinene and 1,8-cineole.
—Oxalis triangularis is an attractive ornamental plant propagated by using bulbs and has no natur... more —Oxalis triangularis is an attractive ornamental plant propagated by using bulbs and has no natural viable seeds. It is an ideal decorative plant for growing in pots and other containers. The plant is not widely found in Malaysia and mostly obtained from Thailand. Hence, it is necessary to propagate this plant through tissue culture system for large scale production. In the present study, production of synthetic seeds was attempted from this species and the synthetic seeds managed to survive after 7 and 30 days after storage at 4°C. The rate of synthetic seeds conversion to complete plants after 7 days was 96.67% with 4.57 mean shoot numbers, while after 30 days of storage, the conversion rate slightly decreased to 90% with only 3.97 shoots formation per bead. The present work reports and discusses the potential of tissue culture technique as an alternative method for mass propagation and conservation of this interesting and attractive ornamental plant for future uses and exploitation.
Monitoring forage quality is one of the most important factors of essential and good management o... more Monitoring forage quality is one of the most important factors of essential and good management of a farm. The most important factor about plants and forage quality is growing stage which can help to identify the optimum time of harvest. As different varieties of plants have different harvest times and quality, in order to search the variety effect on forage yield and quality traits, three varieties of common millet (Panicum miliaceum), namely, KCM2, KCM7, and KCM9 in three phenological growth stages, including booting, milky, and seed maturity stages were studied. Experiments in factorial form were surveyed in Karaj district, Iran with three replications in the form of randomize complete blocks design in 2009. Except ash percentage, there were significant differences among three growth stages in other quality traits and forage yield (P < 0.01). Significant differences among varieties for dry and wet forage yield, dry matter digestibility (DMD), water soluble carbohydrates, and acid detergent fiber percentage were also observed. However, interaction effect of variety and phenological growth stage were not significantly different on acid detergent fiber, crude fiber (CF), and ash percentages. Almost in all varieties, the amount of crude protein (CP) and DMD decreased during developing growth stages, while the amount of CP increased. KCM2 variety had the highest forage quality based on measurement indices and it was chosen as the best variety with regard to the most desirable forage yield. Booting stage (first phenological stage) was the most desirable in quality traits among the three growth stages. However, considering the little difference between the first and second stages in dietary energy, the second stage (milky stage) was recommended as the most suitable time for harvesting, because of high yield and compatibility of farm to plant.
The Soybean contains many medicinal virtues. It helps
to maintain the intestinal health, prevent ... more The Soybean contains many medicinal virtues. It helps to maintain the intestinal health, prevent diseases (a lower risk of breast and prostate cancer) arising from defective digestion and retard the ageing process. In order to study advantages and disadvantages of herbicides on soya bean harvesting, 13 different concentrations of pre and post emergent herbicides were assessed in comparison with control (without any operation). The data were collected for increase percentage of the seed yield, 1000-grain weight, biomass and reduction percentage of the plant height, weed control efficiency and plant number (per m 2). There were significant differences among treatments (p<0.01) for all traits. Average of the plant height and number of plant decreased in the oxyfluorfen (0.48 kg/h, pre-emergence) at the highest percentage. Storm herbicide (1.06 kg a.i h -1, post-emergence) had the most percentage of the seed yield and biomass with 233.1% and 127.2%, respectively. After hand weeding, herbicide of the oxyfluorfen (0.48 kg a.i h -1, pre-emergence) also had effective role to decrease the percentage of the spurge, velvetleaf and dayflower.
Seventy two genotypes of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop) were sown using lattice design und... more Seventy two genotypes of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop) were sown using lattice design under irrigation condition in Alborz, station Karaj, Iran during 2009-10. Forage dry matter (DM) yield, leaf to stem ratio, growth condition, stem density, plant height, flowering time and resistance to sainfoin powder mildew were studied over 2 years. The analysis of variance showed significant differences for all traits (P< 0.01). The correlation coefficient between DM yield and growth condition, plant height and stem density was positive and significant. Resistance to disease had negative significant relationship with late-growing, plant height, stem density and forage yield. In addition, Ward cluster analysis was done and divided into 4 genotype groups. In coordinate axis, 1st and 2nd factors demonstrated a good agreement between cluster and factor analysis.
A wide variety of fungal and bacterial pathogens cause post-harvest disease in fruits and vegetab... more A wide variety of fungal and bacterial pathogens cause post-harvest disease in fruits and vegetables. Some of these infect produce before harvest and then remain quiescent until conditions are more favourable for disease development after harvest. Other pathogens infect produce during and after harvest through surface injuries. In the development of strategies for post-harvest disease control, it is imperative to take a step back and consider the production and post-harvest handling systems in their entirety. Traditionally fungicides have played a central role in postharvest disease control. However, trends towards reduced chemical usage in horticulture are forcing the development of new strategies. This provides an exciting challenge for the 21st century. The objectives of this chapter are: i) to maintain the good quality of the produce grown so that the produce can be competitive in the various market places i.e. local or overseas; and ii) to reduce loss in quantity or volume and ...
A successful micropropagation procedure heavily depends on keeping explants free from contaminati... more A successful micropropagation procedure heavily depends on keeping explants free from contaminations. This protocol starts with effective explant sterilization. To improve the in vitro propagation of Phyllanthus pulcher Wall. ex Mll. Arg. by using leaf and internode as explants, three various Clorox concentrations (10%, 15% and 20%), followed by different immersion times in 70% ethanol (1, 3 and 5 min), were carried out. A higher percentage of survival and a lower rate of contamination were observed in 15 min of immersion in Clorox (15% and 20%) followed by (1 and 5 min) immersion in ethanol (70%) of the leaf and internode explants, respectively. Callus induction experiments were conducted using leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal media supplemented with four different concentrations of 2,4-D (5, 10, 15 and 20 mg L-1). The highest callus induction (90%), callus fresh weight (109.5 ± 4.5 mg) and dry weight (36.58 ± 3.8 mg) were observed at 15 mg L-1 2,4-D.
ABSTRACT To develop in vitro callus induction of Phyllanthus pulcher and investigate secondary me... more ABSTRACT To develop in vitro callus induction of Phyllanthus pulcher and investigate secondary metabolite activities, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) as two abiotic elicitors were evaluated. Growth and secondary metabolite production of callus from P. pulcher grown in Murashige and Skoog medium, supplemented with 1 mg L−1 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2, 4-D) and SA with a lower concentration (≤5 mg L−1) showed a significant effect on callus fresh weight, while the dry weight was not affected significantly by higher concentrations. However, in secondary metabolite content, including total flavonoid and phenolic contents and antioxidant activities, significant differences among different SA concentrations were observed. The results revealed that the high concentration of MeJA (&gt;10 mM) inhibits the callus growth, and 1 mM of MeJA resulted in the highest yield for total flavonoid and phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. A very strong positive relationship (0.969) among TFC, TPC, and antioxidant activity was revealed.
Changes in seed viability due to environmental conditions are crucial factors to preserve seed ge... more Changes in seed viability due to environmental conditions are crucial factors to preserve seed germination ability in equatorial zones. Influence of relative humidity (RH) and frozen storage on the seed viability, nutritional compositions, trace metals and macro-nutrients of three Onobrychis viciifolia varieties (Golpaygan-181, Orumieh-1763 and Gorgan-1601) were investigated. Mean relative humidity of 84% hastened the loss of seed viability during 6 months, while frozen seeds at-20ºC only exerted a minimal deteriorative effect on the germination of seed and vigor index. HPLC profiles differed in peak areas of the two important alkaloids, Berberine and Sanguinarine, in ambient humidity compared with control condition. Accumulation of crude protein (CP) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) were enhanced under ambient humidity and frozen storage in seed cells. Relative humidity indicated positive effects on seed quality by crude fibre (CF) reduction. The atomic spectroscopy analysis confirmed the increment of trace metals ratio (Fe, Mn and Cu) and reduction of macro-nutrients ratio (Ca, P and N) in frozen storage after 6 months. Although vigor index and germination speed were lower in frozen storage seeds compared with control seeds, the notable results can be optimized in future studies.
Leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Callistemon viminalis on hydrodistilation, gave 1.40 % and... more Leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Callistemon viminalis on hydrodistilation, gave 1.40 % and 0.80% w/w an oil dried weight basis, respectively. GC-MS analysis of the oils resulted in the identification of 18 and 7 constituents, repectively, representing 99.31% and 98.07%, respectively, of the oil. γ-terpinene (71.36%) and o-cymene (17.63%) were the major components of E. camaldulensis. While 1,8-cineole (61.51%) and α-pinene (21.53%) were the major components of C. viminalis. From the results; E. camaldulensis and C. viminalis leaf oils from Malaysia have great potential and can be utilized as cheap sources for the commercial isolation of γ-terpinene and 1,8-cineole.
—Oxalis triangularis is an attractive ornamental plant propagated by using bulbs and has no natur... more —Oxalis triangularis is an attractive ornamental plant propagated by using bulbs and has no natural viable seeds. It is an ideal decorative plant for growing in pots and other containers. The plant is not widely found in Malaysia and mostly obtained from Thailand. Hence, it is necessary to propagate this plant through tissue culture system for large scale production. In the present study, production of synthetic seeds was attempted from this species and the synthetic seeds managed to survive after 7 and 30 days after storage at 4°C. The rate of synthetic seeds conversion to complete plants after 7 days was 96.67% with 4.57 mean shoot numbers, while after 30 days of storage, the conversion rate slightly decreased to 90% with only 3.97 shoots formation per bead. The present work reports and discusses the potential of tissue culture technique as an alternative method for mass propagation and conservation of this interesting and attractive ornamental plant for future uses and exploitation.
Monitoring forage quality is one of the most important factors of essential and good management o... more Monitoring forage quality is one of the most important factors of essential and good management of a farm. The most important factor about plants and forage quality is growing stage which can help to identify the optimum time of harvest. As different varieties of plants have different harvest times and quality, in order to search the variety effect on forage yield and quality traits, three varieties of common millet (Panicum miliaceum), namely, KCM2, KCM7, and KCM9 in three phenological growth stages, including booting, milky, and seed maturity stages were studied. Experiments in factorial form were surveyed in Karaj district, Iran with three replications in the form of randomize complete blocks design in 2009. Except ash percentage, there were significant differences among three growth stages in other quality traits and forage yield (P < 0.01). Significant differences among varieties for dry and wet forage yield, dry matter digestibility (DMD), water soluble carbohydrates, and acid detergent fiber percentage were also observed. However, interaction effect of variety and phenological growth stage were not significantly different on acid detergent fiber, crude fiber (CF), and ash percentages. Almost in all varieties, the amount of crude protein (CP) and DMD decreased during developing growth stages, while the amount of CP increased. KCM2 variety had the highest forage quality based on measurement indices and it was chosen as the best variety with regard to the most desirable forage yield. Booting stage (first phenological stage) was the most desirable in quality traits among the three growth stages. However, considering the little difference between the first and second stages in dietary energy, the second stage (milky stage) was recommended as the most suitable time for harvesting, because of high yield and compatibility of farm to plant.
The Soybean contains many medicinal virtues. It helps
to maintain the intestinal health, prevent ... more The Soybean contains many medicinal virtues. It helps to maintain the intestinal health, prevent diseases (a lower risk of breast and prostate cancer) arising from defective digestion and retard the ageing process. In order to study advantages and disadvantages of herbicides on soya bean harvesting, 13 different concentrations of pre and post emergent herbicides were assessed in comparison with control (without any operation). The data were collected for increase percentage of the seed yield, 1000-grain weight, biomass and reduction percentage of the plant height, weed control efficiency and plant number (per m 2). There were significant differences among treatments (p<0.01) for all traits. Average of the plant height and number of plant decreased in the oxyfluorfen (0.48 kg/h, pre-emergence) at the highest percentage. Storm herbicide (1.06 kg a.i h -1, post-emergence) had the most percentage of the seed yield and biomass with 233.1% and 127.2%, respectively. After hand weeding, herbicide of the oxyfluorfen (0.48 kg a.i h -1, pre-emergence) also had effective role to decrease the percentage of the spurge, velvetleaf and dayflower.
Seventy two genotypes of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop) were sown using lattice design und... more Seventy two genotypes of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop) were sown using lattice design under irrigation condition in Alborz, station Karaj, Iran during 2009-10. Forage dry matter (DM) yield, leaf to stem ratio, growth condition, stem density, plant height, flowering time and resistance to sainfoin powder mildew were studied over 2 years. The analysis of variance showed significant differences for all traits (P< 0.01). The correlation coefficient between DM yield and growth condition, plant height and stem density was positive and significant. Resistance to disease had negative significant relationship with late-growing, plant height, stem density and forage yield. In addition, Ward cluster analysis was done and divided into 4 genotype groups. In coordinate axis, 1st and 2nd factors demonstrated a good agreement between cluster and factor analysis.
A wide variety of fungal and bacterial pathogens cause post-harvest disease in fruits and vegetab... more A wide variety of fungal and bacterial pathogens cause post-harvest disease in fruits and vegetables. Some of these infect produce before harvest and then remain quiescent until conditions are more favourable for disease development after harvest. Other pathogens infect produce during and after harvest through surface injuries. In the development of strategies for post-harvest disease control, it is imperative to take a step back and consider the production and post-harvest handling systems in their entirety. Traditionally fungicides have played a central role in postharvest disease control. However, trends towards reduced chemical usage in horticulture are forcing the development of new strategies. This provides an exciting challenge for the 21st century. The objectives of this chapter are: i) to maintain the good quality of the produce grown so that the produce can be competitive in the various market places i.e. local or overseas; and ii) to reduce loss in quantity or volume and ...
A successful micropropagation procedure heavily depends on keeping explants free from contaminati... more A successful micropropagation procedure heavily depends on keeping explants free from contaminations. This protocol starts with effective explant sterilization. To improve the in vitro propagation of Phyllanthus pulcher Wall. ex Mll. Arg. by using leaf and internode as explants, three various Clorox concentrations (10%, 15% and 20%), followed by different immersion times in 70% ethanol (1, 3 and 5 min), were carried out. A higher percentage of survival and a lower rate of contamination were observed in 15 min of immersion in Clorox (15% and 20%) followed by (1 and 5 min) immersion in ethanol (70%) of the leaf and internode explants, respectively. Callus induction experiments were conducted using leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal media supplemented with four different concentrations of 2,4-D (5, 10, 15 and 20 mg L-1). The highest callus induction (90%), callus fresh weight (109.5 ± 4.5 mg) and dry weight (36.58 ± 3.8 mg) were observed at 15 mg L-1 2,4-D.
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Papers by Rosna Mat Taha
to maintain the intestinal health, prevent diseases (a lower
risk of breast and prostate cancer) arising from defective
digestion and retard the ageing process. In order to study
advantages and disadvantages of herbicides on soya bean
harvesting, 13 different concentrations of pre and post
emergent herbicides were assessed in comparison with
control (without any operation). The data were collected for
increase percentage of the seed yield, 1000-grain weight,
biomass and reduction percentage of the plant height, weed
control efficiency and plant number (per m 2). There were
significant differences among treatments (p<0.01) for all
traits. Average of the plant height and number of plant
decreased in the oxyfluorfen (0.48 kg/h, pre-emergence) at
the highest percentage. Storm herbicide (1.06 kg a.i h -1,
post-emergence) had the most percentage of the seed yield
and biomass with 233.1% and 127.2%, respectively. After
hand weeding, herbicide of the oxyfluorfen (0.48 kg a.i h -1,
pre-emergence) also had effective role to decrease the
percentage of the spurge, velvetleaf and dayflower.
to maintain the intestinal health, prevent diseases (a lower
risk of breast and prostate cancer) arising from defective
digestion and retard the ageing process. In order to study
advantages and disadvantages of herbicides on soya bean
harvesting, 13 different concentrations of pre and post
emergent herbicides were assessed in comparison with
control (without any operation). The data were collected for
increase percentage of the seed yield, 1000-grain weight,
biomass and reduction percentage of the plant height, weed
control efficiency and plant number (per m 2). There were
significant differences among treatments (p<0.01) for all
traits. Average of the plant height and number of plant
decreased in the oxyfluorfen (0.48 kg/h, pre-emergence) at
the highest percentage. Storm herbicide (1.06 kg a.i h -1,
post-emergence) had the most percentage of the seed yield
and biomass with 233.1% and 127.2%, respectively. After
hand weeding, herbicide of the oxyfluorfen (0.48 kg a.i h -1,
pre-emergence) also had effective role to decrease the
percentage of the spurge, velvetleaf and dayflower.