Papers by Gitte Ingvardson
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2022
We present the archaeological discovery and microscale X-ray Computed Tomography (µCT) scanning o... more We present the archaeological discovery and microscale X-ray Computed Tomography (µCT) scanning of a silver coin purse lost in a medieval shipwreck while the king who issued many of the coins was aboard. The find demonstrates that shipwrecks are extraordinary repositories of historical information, in this case providing insight into one of the most important and dramatic events of medieval Scandinavia. In the summer of 1495, Gribshunden, the flagship of King Hans, ruler of Denmark and Norway, burned and sank in the Baltic Sea en route to a political summit in Sweden. The identified coins in this purse impart direct evidence of Hans' establishment of new mints to increase the amount of currency in circulation, and his decision not to recall and debase existing coins. These were essential elements of Hans' comprehensive strategy for consolidating a Nordic political union and constructing a new nation. The recovered coins are too fragile for mechanical separation, but µCT allowed full or partial identification of 82% of the coins in the concreted purse. Our investigations suggest the purse likely was the personal possession of a high-ranking and trusted person in the king's entourage. Further, the composition of the purse illuminates politics and monetary policy in medieval northern Europe.
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Svend Estridsen anses for at være den konge, der førte Danmark fra vikingetidens vægtøkonomi til ... more Svend Estridsen anses for at være den konge, der førte Danmark fra vikingetidens vægtøkonomi til middelalderens møntøkonomi. Der kan da heller ikke herske tvivl om, at dansk økonomi tog flere vigtige skridt mod en monetarisering af det danske samfund i anden halvdel af 1000-tallet. Overgangen fra vægtøkonomi til møntøkonomi illustreres af, at periodens skattefund skifter fra blandede skatte med brudsølv til rene møntskatte, de danske mønter spillede en stadig større rolle i møntomløbet, og Svend Estridsens mønter udgjorde efterhånden et betydeligt indslag i de danske skattefund. De seneste årtiers numismatiske forskning har endvidere fremført, at Svend Estridsen mod slutningen af hans regering indfører monopolmønt. I artiklen argumenteres der forat Svend Estridsens kontrol med og indflydelse på den monetære situation måske var mindre udtalt end hidtil antaget. Artikelen findes i en antologi, giver en præsentation af Svend Estridsens regeringsperiode (1047-1074/76). Gennem ni kapitler og et appendiks medvirker eksperter inden for historie, arkæologi og numismatik til at tegne et nuanceret billede af Svend Estridsens tid som konge. Fokus er især rettet mod den indenrigs- og udenrigspolitiske, kirkepolitiske, økonomiske og retshistoriske betydning af Svends regeringsførelse. Bogen henvender sig til fagfolk og alle med interesse for dansk middelalderhistorie, der ønsker en grundig indføring i eller søger inspiration til videre udforskning af denne spændende og vigtige periode i Danmarks historie. Bogen indeholder bidrag fra Bertil Nilsson, Birgit Sawyer, Gitte T. Ingvardson, Henrik Janson, Lasse C.A. Sonne, Line H. Bjerg, Michael H. Gelting, Niels Lund, Nils Hybel og Thomas Bertelsen. Bogen er redigeret af Lasse C. A. Sonne og Sarah Croix
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e island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea has the largest concentration of Viking Age and early med... more e island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea has the largest concentration of Viking Age and early medieval hoards of Denmark. In 2006 the greatest hoard ever was found by metal detector. Archaeological investigations show that the hoard was deposited in a vessel of Baltic Sea ware only a few meters from the remains of a burnt down house from the Viking Age. e hoard consists of a heterogeneous group of coins and hacksilber buried around 1020/1030. e majority of the 1,194 coins are German, but there is also a large group of British coins, and a smaller group of Kufic, Scandinavian, and Bohemian coins. e hacksilber consists of 170 pieces of jewellery mainly from the Slavic area and 87 other objects such as ingots and melts. e composition of the coins reveals strong contact with Southern Scandinavia, whereas the jewellery shows a strong contact with the Slavic area. In comparison with similar investigations in other areas of the Baltic Sea, the weight and test marks analysis demonstrate...
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The Danish island of Bornholm is situated in the middle of the Baltic Sea between the shores of N... more The Danish island of Bornholm is situated in the middle of the Baltic Sea between the shores of Northern Poland and Southern Sweden. The island has by far the largest concentration of Viking Age and Early Medieval treasures in Denmark. Research on the largest Viking Age silver hoard on the island, the Nørremølle hoard, calls into question whether Bornholm was part of the Danish kingdom in the late Viking Age and whether large scale trade was carried out on the island. In this paper, the archaeological evidence of the silver hoards is compared with the evidence of weights and Baltic Sea ware on the island.
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The last 25 years of intensive detector archaeology has quadrupled the number of Viking Age hoard... more The last 25 years of intensive detector archaeology has quadrupled the number of Viking Age hoards on Bornholm to amazing 100 hoards. The numerous hoards provide Museum of Bornholm with new and vital information on the history of Viking Age Bornholm, but the large number of hoards does also cause administrative challenges. This paper presents an update on the last 25 years of results and failures. Furthermore the paper discusses the perspectives of detector archaeology by introducing three new spectacular silver hoards: Skovsholm - the oldest Viking Age hoard of Bornholm, Åbo - located in a roof bearing post of a house and Ahlesminde – the first Danish Viking Age hoard containing gold coins.
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Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2022
We present the archaeological discovery and microscale X-ray Computed Tomography (µCT) scanning o... more We present the archaeological discovery and microscale X-ray Computed Tomography (µCT) scanning of a silver coin purse lost in a medieval shipwreck while the king who issued many of the coins was aboard. The find demonstrates that shipwrecks are extraordinary repositories of historical information, in this case providing insight into one of the most important and dramatic events of medieval Scandinavia. In the summer of 1495, Gribshunden, the flagship of King Hans, ruler of Denmark and Norway, burned and sank in the Baltic Sea en route to a political summit in Sweden. The identified coins in this purse impart direct evidence of Hans' establishment of new mints to increase the amount of currency in circulation, and his decision not to recall and debase existing coins. These were essential elements of Hans' comprehensive strategy for consolidating a Nordic political union and constructing a new nation. The recovered coins are too fragile for mechanical separation, but µCT allowed full or partial identification of 82% of the coins in the concreted purse. Our investigations suggest the purse likely was the personal possession of a high-ranking and trusted person in the king's entourage. Further, the composition of the purse illuminates politics and monetary policy in medieval northern Europe.
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Silver, Butter, Cloth
This chapter considers the phenomenon of mixed hoards, containing both minted and non-minted silv... more This chapter considers the phenomenon of mixed hoards, containing both minted and non-minted silver, from the Baltic island of Bornholm. Rather than following a general Scandinavian trend towards coin-only hoards, on Bornholm mixed hoards dominated until the twelfth century. They are often interpreted as signifying a somewhat primitive bullion economy, within which coins, ingots, jewellery, and scrap silver were traded and treated equally as a means of payment. In this chapter, this interpretation is re-evaluated. Six in-depth case studies are presented, providing a rich narrative context for each hoard. This reveals how mixed hoards with varying compositions and depositional contexts occupied different economic spheres, relating to the monetary, productive, and ritual uses of silver. Hoards should not be seen as a uniform phenomenon, but as mirrors reflecting individual life stories.
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SKALK 2016 nr. 4
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Svend Estridsen anses for at være den konge, der førte Danmark fra vikingetidens vægtøkonomi til ... more Svend Estridsen anses for at være den konge, der førte Danmark fra vikingetidens vægtøkonomi til middelalderens møntøkonomi. Der kan da heller ikke herske tvivl om, at dansk økonomi tog flere vigtige skridt mod en monetarisering af det danske samfund i anden halvdel af 1000-tallet. Overgangen fra vægtøkonomi til møntøkonomi illustreres af, at periodens skattefund skifter fra blandede skatte med brudsølv til rene møntskatte, de danske mønter spillede en stadig større rolle i møntomløbet, og Svend Estridsens mønter udgjorde efterhånden et betydeligt indslag i de danske skattefund. De seneste årtiers numismatiske forskning har endvidere fremført, at Svend Estridsen mod slutningen af hans regering indfører monopolmønt. I artiklen argumenteres der forat Svend Estridsens kontrol med og indflydelse på den monetære situation måske var mindre udtalt end hidtil antaget.
Artikelen findes i en antologi, giver en præsentation af Svend Estridsens regeringsperiode (1047-1074/76). Gennem ni kapitler og et appendiks medvirker eksperter inden for historie, arkæologi og numismatik til at tegne et nuanceret billede af Svend Estridsens tid som konge. Fokus er især rettet mod den indenrigs- og udenrigspolitiske, kirkepolitiske, økonomiske og retshistoriske betydning af Svends regeringsførelse. Bogen henvender sig til fagfolk og alle med interesse for dansk middelalderhistorie, der ønsker en grundig indføring i eller søger inspiration til videre udforskning af denne spændende og vigtige periode i Danmarks historie.
Bogen indeholder bidrag fra Bertil Nilsson, Birgit Sawyer, Gitte T. Ingvardson, Henrik Janson, Lasse C.A. Sonne, Line H. Bjerg, Michael H. Gelting, Niels Lund, Nils Hybel og Thomas Bertelsen.
Bogen er redigeret af Lasse C. A. Sonne og Sarah Croix
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I 2011 indledtes en arkæologisk forundersøgelse af et område med to historisk kendte gårdstomter ... more I 2011 indledtes en arkæologisk forundersøgelse af et område med to historisk kendte gårdstomter ved Todarp lidt uden for Helsingborg. Ved metaldetektering fremkom ca. 200 mønter fordelt på to koncentrationer, og det stod hurtigt klart, at området indeholdt ikke bare én med to sølvskatte fra 1600-tallet. Yderligere detektering og udgravning af pladsen bragte det samlede antal af mønter op på knap 1400. Den vestligste møntkoncentration fandtes ved den ene gård og indeholder sandsynligvis gårdens opsparing. Den anden skat, der var deponeret lidt øst for gården, bestod næsten udelukkende af svenske 1, 2 og 4 øre og skal formentlig tolkes som en del af den svenske hærs krigskasse.
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Small Things – Wide Horizons Studies in Honour of Birgitta Hårdh edited by Lars Larsson, Fredrik Ekengren, Bertil Helgesson and Bengt Söderberg; 308 pages; illustrated throughout in black & white; 2015. ISBN 978178491317
The last 25 years of intensive detector archaeology has quadrupled the number of Viking Age hoard... more The last 25 years of intensive detector archaeology has quadrupled the number of Viking Age hoards on Bornholm to amazing 100 hoards. The numerous hoards provide Museum of Bornholm with new and vital information on the history of Viking Age Bornholm, but the large number of hoards does also cause administrative challenges. This paper presents an update on the last 25 years of results and failures. Furthermore the paper discusses the perspectives of detector archaeology by introducing three new spectacular silver hoards: Skovsholm - the oldest Viking Age hoard of Bornholm, Åbo - located in a roof bearing post of a house and Ahlesminde – the first Danish Viking Age hoard containing gold coins.
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SKALK 2014 nr. 6
The paper presents in Danish a hitherto unknown Danish bracteat type, dated to the Danish king Va... more The paper presents in Danish a hitherto unknown Danish bracteat type, dated to the Danish king Valdemar I (1157-1182) on basis of style, material and weight. In all four bracteates were found during excavations in Hedensted Church in Denmark, and one of these is directly connected to the construction of the stone church, as it was found in situ in the chancel in the layer of chippings that formed the base for the first plank floor.,
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SKALK 2014 nr. 4
This is a short presentation in Danish of a new Viking Age hoard of Bornholm. The hoard consists ... more This is a short presentation in Danish of a new Viking Age hoard of Bornholm. The hoard consists of approximately 300 silver coins, two gold Dinars from the Fatimid Dynasty and a unique gold Denar minted by Archbishop Anno II in Cologne. The hoard was deposited around 1080.
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Northern Worlds – landscapes, interactions and dynamics. Proceedings of the Northern Worlds Conference Copenhagen 28-30 Nov. 2012. (Ed.) H.C. Gulløv. Publications from the National Museum. Studies in Archaeology & History Vol. 22, Copenhagen 2014
The Danish island of Bornholm is situated in the middle of the Baltic Sea between the shores of N... more The Danish island of Bornholm is situated in the middle of the Baltic Sea between the shores of Northern Poland and Southern Sweden. The island has by far the largest concentration of Viking Age and Early Medieval treasures in Denmark. Research on the largest Viking Age silver hoard on the island, the Nørremølle hoard, calls into question whether Bornholm was part of the Danish kingdom in the late Viking Age and whether large scale trade was carried out on the island. In this paper, the archaeological evidence of the silver hoards is compared with the evidence of weights and Baltic Sea ware on the island.
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Journal of Archaeological Numismatics 2, 2012
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Books by Gitte Ingvardson
Lund University, 2020
Publications
Collecting curiosities: Eighteenth-century Museum Stobaeanum and the development o... more Publications
Collecting curiosities: Eighteenth-century Museum Stobaeanum and the development of ethnographic collections in the nineteenth century Magdalena Naum (ed.) & Gitte Ingvardson (ed.)
publication date2020 publication descriptionLund University
publication descriptionIn 1735, professor Kilian Stobaeus donated his collections to Lund University laying the foundation for the university’s first museum. The ”Museum Stobaeanum” contained over 3000 natural history, historical and ethnographic objects typical of the cabinets of curiosity. This richly illustrated book is the first comprehensive history of these collections.
Eighteen chapters, written by an interdisciplinary group of scholars, explore Stobaeus as a researcher and collector; the concept, organization and development of the museum through time; as well as the culture of collecting, including its scientific and symbolic meaning. The authors also investigate specific examples of museum objects: fossils, plants enclosed in a herbarium, a crocodile, seashells and insects, North American artefacts, an Egyptian mummy, coins and medals, the skull of Descartes, Guyana war clubs and ethnographic objects from the South Pacific.
The book contributes to a better understanding of Stobaeus and his peers in their pursuit of knowledge through collecting as well as the complex processes that enabled early modern museums. On a broader level, it illuminates the global connections and intellectual environment of eighteenth-century Lund and Sweden.
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ph.d. afhandling, katalog, 2020
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Papers by Gitte Ingvardson
Artikelen findes i en antologi, giver en præsentation af Svend Estridsens regeringsperiode (1047-1074/76). Gennem ni kapitler og et appendiks medvirker eksperter inden for historie, arkæologi og numismatik til at tegne et nuanceret billede af Svend Estridsens tid som konge. Fokus er især rettet mod den indenrigs- og udenrigspolitiske, kirkepolitiske, økonomiske og retshistoriske betydning af Svends regeringsførelse. Bogen henvender sig til fagfolk og alle med interesse for dansk middelalderhistorie, der ønsker en grundig indføring i eller søger inspiration til videre udforskning af denne spændende og vigtige periode i Danmarks historie.
Bogen indeholder bidrag fra Bertil Nilsson, Birgit Sawyer, Gitte T. Ingvardson, Henrik Janson, Lasse C.A. Sonne, Line H. Bjerg, Michael H. Gelting, Niels Lund, Nils Hybel og Thomas Bertelsen.
Bogen er redigeret af Lasse C. A. Sonne og Sarah Croix
Books by Gitte Ingvardson
Collecting curiosities: Eighteenth-century Museum Stobaeanum and the development of ethnographic collections in the nineteenth century Magdalena Naum (ed.) & Gitte Ingvardson (ed.)
publication date2020 publication descriptionLund University
publication descriptionIn 1735, professor Kilian Stobaeus donated his collections to Lund University laying the foundation for the university’s first museum. The ”Museum Stobaeanum” contained over 3000 natural history, historical and ethnographic objects typical of the cabinets of curiosity. This richly illustrated book is the first comprehensive history of these collections.
Eighteen chapters, written by an interdisciplinary group of scholars, explore Stobaeus as a researcher and collector; the concept, organization and development of the museum through time; as well as the culture of collecting, including its scientific and symbolic meaning. The authors also investigate specific examples of museum objects: fossils, plants enclosed in a herbarium, a crocodile, seashells and insects, North American artefacts, an Egyptian mummy, coins and medals, the skull of Descartes, Guyana war clubs and ethnographic objects from the South Pacific.
The book contributes to a better understanding of Stobaeus and his peers in their pursuit of knowledge through collecting as well as the complex processes that enabled early modern museums. On a broader level, it illuminates the global connections and intellectual environment of eighteenth-century Lund and Sweden.
Artikelen findes i en antologi, giver en præsentation af Svend Estridsens regeringsperiode (1047-1074/76). Gennem ni kapitler og et appendiks medvirker eksperter inden for historie, arkæologi og numismatik til at tegne et nuanceret billede af Svend Estridsens tid som konge. Fokus er især rettet mod den indenrigs- og udenrigspolitiske, kirkepolitiske, økonomiske og retshistoriske betydning af Svends regeringsførelse. Bogen henvender sig til fagfolk og alle med interesse for dansk middelalderhistorie, der ønsker en grundig indføring i eller søger inspiration til videre udforskning af denne spændende og vigtige periode i Danmarks historie.
Bogen indeholder bidrag fra Bertil Nilsson, Birgit Sawyer, Gitte T. Ingvardson, Henrik Janson, Lasse C.A. Sonne, Line H. Bjerg, Michael H. Gelting, Niels Lund, Nils Hybel og Thomas Bertelsen.
Bogen er redigeret af Lasse C. A. Sonne og Sarah Croix
Collecting curiosities: Eighteenth-century Museum Stobaeanum and the development of ethnographic collections in the nineteenth century Magdalena Naum (ed.) & Gitte Ingvardson (ed.)
publication date2020 publication descriptionLund University
publication descriptionIn 1735, professor Kilian Stobaeus donated his collections to Lund University laying the foundation for the university’s first museum. The ”Museum Stobaeanum” contained over 3000 natural history, historical and ethnographic objects typical of the cabinets of curiosity. This richly illustrated book is the first comprehensive history of these collections.
Eighteen chapters, written by an interdisciplinary group of scholars, explore Stobaeus as a researcher and collector; the concept, organization and development of the museum through time; as well as the culture of collecting, including its scientific and symbolic meaning. The authors also investigate specific examples of museum objects: fossils, plants enclosed in a herbarium, a crocodile, seashells and insects, North American artefacts, an Egyptian mummy, coins and medals, the skull of Descartes, Guyana war clubs and ethnographic objects from the South Pacific.
The book contributes to a better understanding of Stobaeus and his peers in their pursuit of knowledge through collecting as well as the complex processes that enabled early modern museums. On a broader level, it illuminates the global connections and intellectual environment of eighteenth-century Lund and Sweden.
Det konkluderes: 1) at det via den biografiske analysemodel, der er udviklet i afhandlingen, er muligt, at udskille forskellige akkumuleringsstrategier som netværk, handel og togter, samt deponeringsstrategier som opsparing, råmaterialedepot og offer. 2) at det via den multikontekstuelle metode, der er udviklet i afhandlinger, er muligt, at belyse menneskene bag skattene, der omfatter mænd og kvinder, krigere, handlende, sølvsmede, bønder og elite. 3) at skattene havde agens i Bornholms overordnede magtfelt i vikingetiden, at skatte skabte social mobilitet, var mediator mellem mennesker og guder, og var agenter i etablering og vedligehold af økonomiske og sociale netværk lokalt og regionalt.
This report highlights the results from an excavation that literally opened new ground, while the findings didn’t exactly turned out to be what were expected initially. The actual building remains from the Rectory did not offer the kind of undisturbed time capsule we all had hoped for. Instead of a detailed insight into a high status household and its material culture a quite different picture emerged. The soldiers of 1677 had done a thorough job in removing whatever was useful to them. Even the stones of the cobbled yard had been taken away to be reused somewhere else in the beleaguered fortress. But what did appear was a fine illustration of the difficulties faced when trying to build a new town in a location that was indeed highly unsuited for such a venture. Because even though this must be considered as one of the finest plots in Christianstad, massive landfill was needed on the site. Another intriguing find was the amount of building materials re-used in the Rectory – both in the actual houses and for stabilizing the yard. A partly excavated stone cellar beneath the main building had walls where undressed stones, medieval bricks, roof tiles etc. had been used. And a large number of bricks made for 16th century style vaults lay as filling in the yard; bricks that had never been used for their original purpose! But probably the most fascinating finds were the large amount of black glazed oven tiles, found both in the buildings and as filling in the yard. Obviously they emanated from the same source and had been meant for use in rooms with a high ceiling, not like the lower rooms in a cross timbered building such as the Rectory. Their motifs reflected exclusiveness, high quality and a range of themes connected with religion and politics. The parallels are to be found in royal castles and other buildings connected with the higher echelons of 16th and 17th century society in Northern Europe. Where the ovens these tiles decorated were erected originally remains an open question, but the town of Åhus offers a possible solution. The Royal residence there, the former Blackfriars convent, was demolished around 1620...
To summarize – the excavation of the Kv. Jörgen Kristoffersen site has given us a first glance of the complicated process of building a fortress town in the early 17th century. Of how thorough the transition to new structures, made necessary by changing political situations, could be – and how painful to those that had to live and endure such profound changes. The results will provide new starting points for further research, as this project has given us more questions to deal with than actual answers. It is already quite obvious how a new interest in the history of Christianstad and other similar projects started during the reign of Christian IV has been sparked by this project!