Papers by Yann Ziolkowski
West Africa stigmatizes the challenge of global securities. Whereas the region previously attempt... more West Africa stigmatizes the challenge of global securities. Whereas the region previously attempted to come out unscathed from a long-standing brutal and ruthless-ruled despot, it now faces issues which sources are from distant continent of Africa. At its heart, Mali incurs the impacts and delivers a mixture of these hindrances. The idea of intra-state conflict as occurred in the end of the Cold War is out of date and the issues ignited in Burkina Faso will echo in Libya. In a more global world, the terminology of West Africa is unappropriated and has to evolve to embrace the Maghreb. Both parts of Africa are indivisible and fit into an interconnected network. Transnational organized crime (TOC) and terrorist organizations such as Al Qaeda in Maghreb (AQIM) and the Movement for the unicity and Jihad in West Africa (MUJAO) have already seized the opportunity to expand their activities beyond national borders. In addition to overlap each other, they perpetrate their actions based on the historical and cultural Trans-Saharan routes. A new form of African conflict is poised to amplify with more complex and varied symptoms. This results in an African global war without existing borders. From a global issue whose the enemy is both anywhere and everywhere, an appropriate response corresponds to a consortium of multiple actors, including states, Non-Governmental organizations and international organizations. Finally, can we talk about change as Trans-Saharan routes have existed for centuries. TOCs and jihadi groups such as MUJAO rely on networks which have defined the regional interdependence for a long time.
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Papers by Yann Ziolkowski