[go: up one dir, main page]
Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Fabrication of the Ultrafine Grained Low Carbon Steel by Cold Compression and Annealing of Martensite

  • Technical Paper
  • Published:
Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The aim of this work was to produce ultrafine grained low carbon steel (0.13 wt% carbon) by cold compression and subsequent annealing of lath martensite and study its formation kinetics. In this regard, the martensitic specimens were first cold compressed by 65 % and then annealed at 723, 773 and 823 K for various times ranging between 0 and 120 min. Results showed that annealing of the cold-compressed martensitic specimen at 823 K for 90 min led to the formation of ferrite grains with a mean size of 1.8 μm and small precipitates of Fe3C with sizes less than 300 nm. By using the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov analysis to describe the kinetics of ferrite recrystallization, the average value of time exponent (n) was found to be 0.96. The activation energy for the ferrite recrystallization was calculated as 83 kJ mol−1, which was consistent with the activation energy value for carbon diffusion in bcc iron (81 kJ mol−1).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ueji R and Tsuji N, Minamino Y, Koizumi Y, Sci Technol Adv Mater 5 (2004) 153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Foroozmehr F, Najafizadeh A and Shafyeib A, Mater Sci Eng A 528 (2011) 5754.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Valiev R Z, Islamgaliev R K and Alexandrov I V, Prog Mater Sci 45 (2000) 103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Park K T, Kim Y S, Lee J G and Shin D H, Mater Sci Eng A 293 (2000) 165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Song R, Ponge D, Raabe D, Speer J G and Matlock D K, Mater Sci Eng A 441 (2006) 1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Jamaati R, Toroghinejad M R, Edris H and Salmani M R, Trans Indian Inst Met 67 (2014) 787.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Ueji R, Tsuji N, Minamino Y and Koizumi Y, Acta Mater 50 (2002) 4177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Ghassemali E, Kermanpur A and Najafizadeh A, J Nanosci Nanotechnol 10 (2010) 6177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Hosseini S M, Najafizadeh A and Kermanpur A, J Mater Process Technol 211 (2011) 230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Htun M S, Kyaw S T and Lwin K T, J Met Mater Miner 18 (2008) 191.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Get TTT and CCT Diagram with Steel Composition, in: http://www.calculations.ewi.org/vjp/secure/TTTCCTPlots.asp.

  12. Brooks C R, Principles of the Heat Treatment of Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Mazaheri Y, Kermanpur A, Najafizadeh A and Saeidi N, Acta Metall Sin (Engl Lett) 28 (2015) 249.

  14. Kulakov M, Poole W J and Militzer M, Metall Mater Trans A 44 (2013) 3564.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Kooi B J, Phys Rev B 73 (2006) 1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Fotsing E R, Phase Transformation Kinetics and Microstructure of Carbide and Diboride Based Ceramics, Technische Universität Clausthal, Clausthal-Zellerfeld (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Huang J, Poole W J and Militzer M, Metall Mater Trans A 35 (2004) 3363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Ghosh K S, Kumar A K and Mohan M K, Trans Indian Inst Met 61 (2008) 487.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Mclellan R B and Wasz M L, J Phys Chem Solids 54 (1993) 583.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran

    H. Ashrafi & A. Najafizadeh

Authors
  1. H. Ashrafi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. Najafizadeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to H. Ashrafi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ashrafi, H., Najafizadeh, A. Fabrication of the Ultrafine Grained Low Carbon Steel by Cold Compression and Annealing of Martensite. Trans Indian Inst Met 69, 1467–1473 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-015-0714-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-015-0714-6

Keywords