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Hypolimnetic withdrawal as a lake restoration technique: determination of feasibility and continued benefits

  • RESTORATION OF EUTROPHIC LAKES
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Abstract

The withdrawal of hypolimnetic water enriched with nutrients and reduced substances has been used as a lake restoration technique (hypolimnetic withdrawal, HW) for more than 60 years. By reducing internal phosphorus loading, HW treats the cause of much of the water-quality deterioration in eutrophic stratified lakes, including cyanobacteria blooms. To support future applications, a feasibility study is presented that determines the applicability of HW to a drinking water source lake for the City of Stockholm as an example. Necessary treatment of the HW water includes a technically advanced facility. The possible application of passive siphoning by gravity limits recurring energy costs. The most efficient performance is ensured by the monitoring of HW operational variables and water quality in the source and receiving water. A review of the scientific literature and the worldwide web confirms that new and continued HW applications improve water quality in stratified lakes with anoxic hypolimnia. A previously developed model for the prediction of epilimnetic TP decreases from the long-term TP export via HW was supported by results from several new applications. Benefits of flow regulation considering climate change variability have been reported, suggesting that HW could play a progressively important role in lake management.

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Acknowledgements

I am grateful for the invitation to the lake restoration conference in Finland, Lahti Lakes 2018 that provided the incentive for the preparation of this manuscript. The provision and procurement of unpublished data and other information and the gracious permission for their publication is thankfully acknowledged and involve Johanna Ansker, Stockholm Vatten och Avfall AB; Matteo Cancelli and Giacomo Ferrari, University of Brescia, Italy; Tim Epe, Institut Dr. Nowak, Ottersberg, Germany; Karen Finsterle and Said Yasseri, Limnological Solutions International; Karin Pall, systema GmbH, Vienna, Austria; Jukka Horppila, University of Helsinki, Finland; Roland Psenner, EURAC Research, Bozano/Bozen, Italy; Ruben Sommaruga, Gry Larsen, Salvador Morales Gómez, and Elias Dechent, Innsbruck University, Austria; Dick Lathrop, Department of Natural Resources Wisconsin (retired); Al Sosiak, Sosiak Environmental Services. Helpful criticism was provided by Bruce LaZerte and two reviewers. G.N. consulted Stockholm Vatten och Avfall AB on the feasibility of a Bornsjön application in 2012.

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  1. Freshwater Research, 3421 Hwy 117, Baysville, ON, P0B 1A0, Canada

    Gertrud K. Nürnberg

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Guest editors: Tom Jilbert, Raoul-Marie Couture, Brian J. Huser & Kalevi Salonen / Restoration of eutrophic lakes: current practices and future challenges

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Nürnberg, G.K. Hypolimnetic withdrawal as a lake restoration technique: determination of feasibility and continued benefits. Hydrobiologia 847, 4487–4501 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-019-04094-z

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