Zusammenfassung
Die Dürrfleckenkrankheit ist weltweit eine der wichtigsten Pilzkrankheiten an Kartoffeln und Nachtschattengewächsen. Aufgrund zunehmender Schäden stellt die Dürrfleckenkrankheit für den deutschen Kartoffelanbau ein wachsendes Problem dar. Am häufigsten werden zur Bekämpfung der Krankheit protektiv wirkende Fungizide angewendet, die einem Befall der Dürrfleckenkrankheit vorbeugen oder diesen reduzieren. Dabei nehmen die unterschiedlichen Wirkungsweisen der Präparate wesentlich Einfluss auf den Verlauf der Alternaria-Epidemie. Im Verlauf der Vegetationsperiode 2007 und 2008 wurden Feldversuche durchgeführt, anhand derer wirkstoffspezifische Befallsbonituren erhoben wurden. Die hier dargestellten Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Befallsentwicklung der Dürrfleckenkrankheit in Abhängigkeit des applizierten Wirkstoffs unterschiedlich stark gehemmt wurde. Die Anwendung spezifischer, gegen die Dürrfleckenkrankheit wirksamer Fungizide, resultierte in einer längeren Gesunderhaltung photosynthetisch aktiver Blattfläche. Dadurch konnte die Assimilationsdauer der Kartoffelpflanzen verlängert und als Konsequenz deren Ertrag gesteigert werden. Vor allem Wirkstoffe aus der Gruppe der Strobilurine (Azoxystrobin, Boscalid + Pyraclostrobin) zeigten deutlich bessere Wirkungserfolge in der Bekämpfung der Dürrfleckenkrankheit als Wirkstoffe wie Mancozeb, Chlorthalonil bzw. Fenamidon.
Abstract
Potato early blight caused by Alternaria solani and Alternaria alternata is a major disease of potatoes and other Solanaceae. By now, Alternaria species have established themselves as destructive pathogens. Due to considerable yield losses early blight is getting a serious problem in many German potato growing areas. Up to now, the management of this disease is achieved mainly through protective fungicide applications. By this, fungicides with different mode of actions have a considerable influence on the course of disease progress. For this, field trials were carried out in 2007 and 2008 and the efficacy of various active ingredients was determined. Marked differences were observed in the control of early blight disease due to the effectiveness of applied active ingredients. The application of potent fungicides, which are highly efficient, resulted in prolonged photosynthesis. As a result of this potato yield increased significantly. Our investigation show, that disease control can be better achieved with strobilurines like Azoxystrobin or Boscalid + Pyraclostrobin than with Mancozeb, Chlorthalonil or Fenamidon.
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Leiminger, J.H., Hausladen, H. Wirkung verschiedener Fungizide auf den Befall der Dürrfleckenkrankheit (Alternaria spp.) sowie auf den Ertrag der Kartoffel. Gesunde Pflanzen 63, 11–18 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-011-0237-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-011-0237-y