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Dust induced radiative perturbations during an episode of long-range dust transport over Delhi, India: a high-resolution regional NWP model study

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Abstract

Dust-induced modifications to the radiative fluxes/heating during a light-blocking haze episode over Delhi, India, 7–9th Nov 2017—triggered by long range transport from a severe Saudi Arabian dust storm—have been investigated with a regional NWP model, NCUM-R with prognostic dust-radiation feedbacks. The study employs ‘Double Radiation Calls’, wherein parallel runs of the radiation scheme ‘with’ (prognostic) and ‘without’ (diagnostic) dust radiative effects—while prognostic fields drive the forecast—isolate the dust-induced perturbations. The forecasted dust optical depth agreed spatially with the AOD from MODIS with Angstrom Exponent > 0.5, indicating that the dust was well mixed with the fine mode anthropogenic aerosols upwind. The ‘downward shortwave (SW) flux’ was diminished (upto − 12.9 Wm−2) in layers sampling (i) near-surface (L1Avg), (ii) well-mixed layer within the planetary boundary layer (PBL, L2Avg) and (iii) free-troposphere (FT, L3Avg). Dust-induced ‘Solar heating’ dominated in FT (upto 9.5 × 10–7 Ks−1) and the patches below (in L2Avg) exhibited a cooling, leading to thermal dipoles. The ‘upward longwave (LW) flux’ in FT was reduced and ‘LW heating’ prevailed in all levels—peak (2.5 × 10–6 Ks−1) in L2Avg—along with well-defined cooling zones in L1Avg. The dust–radiation interaction in turn influenced the boundary layer meteorology, manifested as (i) shallow PBLs that spatially correlate with dust-induced cooling of the boundary layer column, (ii) enhanced surface humidity and (iii) reduced visibility. The study is an instance of prognostic dust-radiation feedbacks improving the skill of NWP models in dust-laden regions.

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Acknowledgements

The ‘Corrected Reflectance (true-color)’ images from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) aboard the NOAA/NASA Suomi NPP, shown in the paper were obtained from https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov. The radiosonde data were obtained from https://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html. MODIS data for this work were downloaded from https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov and the Aura-OMI data from https://earthdata.nasa.gov/.

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  1. National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting, Ministry of Earth Sciences, A-50, Sector 62, Noida, 201 309, India

    Timmy Francis, A. Jayakumar, Jisesh Sethunadh, Saji Mohandas, Sumit Kumar & E. N. Rajagopal

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  1. Timmy Francis
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  2. A. Jayakumar
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703_2020_760_MOESM1_ESM.docx

Supplementary Fig. 1. Zoomed-in plots of the 850 and 500 hPa wind analysis for the dust source/emission region in Middle-East (domain marked with yellow box in Fig. 2b) (DOCX 1002 kb)

703_2020_760_MOESM2_ESM.docx

Supplementary Fig. 2. Zoomed-in plots of the 850 and 500 hPa wind analysis for Delhi and the adjacent regions (domain marked with yellow box in Fig. 3b, d) (DOCX 1411 kb)

703_2020_760_MOESM3_ESM.docx

Supplementary Fig. 3. The daily mean DRP to the ‘Clear Sky Downward Shortwave Flux on Levels’ (ΔSWFLDC), Wm-2, for the levels L1Avg, L2Avg, L3Avg. (DOCX 1187 kb)

703_2020_760_MOESM4_ESM.docx

Supplementary Fig. 4. The daily mean DRP to the ‘Clear Sky Upward Shortwave Flux on Levels’ (ΔSWFLUC), Wm-2, for the levels L1Avg, L2Avg, L3Avg. (DOCX 1480 kb)

703_2020_760_MOESM5_ESM.docx

Supplementary Fig. 5. The daily mean DRP to the ‘Clear Sky Upward Longwave Flux on Levels’ (ΔLWFLUC), Wm-2, for the levels L1Avg, L2Avg, L3Avg. (DOCX 1399 kb)

703_2020_760_MOESM6_ESM.docx

Supplementary Fig. 6. The daily mean DRP to the ‘Clear Sky Downward Longwave Flux on Levels’ (ΔLWFLDC), Wm-2, for L1Avg, L2Avg, L3Avg (DOCX 1053 kb)

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Francis, T., Jayakumar, A., Sethunadh, J. et al. Dust induced radiative perturbations during an episode of long-range dust transport over Delhi, India: a high-resolution regional NWP model study. Meteorol Atmos Phys 133, 441–465 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-020-00760-3

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