Abstract
Rationale
Cocaine addiction is a chronic brain disease characterized by compulsive drug intake and dysregulation of brain reward systems. Few preclinical studies have modeled the natural longitudinal course of cocaine addiction. Extended access self-administration protocols are powerful tools for modeling the advanced stages of addiction; however, few studies have duration of drug access longer than 12 h/session, potentially limiting their construct validity. Identification of changes in cocaine intake patterns during the development of addictive-like states may allow better treatments for vulnerable subjects. The kappa opioid receptor (KOPr) system has been implicated in the neurobiological regulation of addictive states as well as mood and stress disorders, with selective KOPr antagonists proposed as possible pharmacotherapeutic agents. Chronic cocaine exposure increases the expression of KOPr and its endogenous agonists, the dynorphins, in several brain areas in rodents.
Objectives
To examine the behavioral pattern of intake during chronic (14 days) 18 h intravenous cocaine self-administration (0.5 mg/kg/infusion) and the effect of a novel short-acting KOPr antagonist LY2444296 HCl (3 mg/kg) administered during sessions 8 to 14 of chronic 18 h/day cocaine self-administration and prior to a single re-exposure session after 2 cocaine-free withdrawal days.
Results
Both daily and hourly cocaine intake patterns changed over 14 days of 18 h self-administration. LY pretreatment affected the pattern of self-administration across the second week of extended access cocaine self-administration and prevented the increase in cocaine intake during re-exposure.
Conclusions
Overall, the KOPr antagonist attenuated escalated cocaine consumption in a rat model of extended access cocaine self-administration.
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Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the valuable assistance from Dr. Linda Rorick-Kehn and thank Eli Lilly and Co. for providing the compound LY2540240 (LY2444296 hydrochloride), and Jeremy D Sherman for technical help.
Funding
This work was supported by The Dorothea Dix Fellowship Fund (MV), The Kopf Foundation Fellowship Fund (MV), The Gary R. Helman Postdoctoral Research Fellowship (KAW), the National Institute of Health grant R01 DA018151 (ERB), and the Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Research Foundation (MJK).
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All procedures adhered to the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the Principles of Laboratory Animal Care and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of The Rockefeller University.
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Valenza, M., Windisch, K.A., Butelman, E.R. et al. Effects of Kappa opioid receptor blockade by LY2444296 HCl, a selective short-acting antagonist, during chronic extended access cocaine self-administration and re-exposure in rat. Psychopharmacology 237, 1147–1160 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-019-05444-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-019-05444-4