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Taxonomy and evolution of thesinica group of macaques: I. Species and subspecies accounts ofMacaca sinica

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Abstract

Based on study of 116 museum specimens and review of relevant literature, a new species account ofMacaca sinica, the Sri Lanka toque macaque, is presented. External and cranial characters of the species are described and analyzed. A summary of natural history of the species includes information on habitats, arboreal-terrestrial preferences, predators, diet, relations with other primate species, density, troop size and composition, home range area, and reproductive biology. Two subspecies ofM. sinica are recognized, northernM. s. sinica (Linnaeus, 1771) and southwesternM. s. aurifrons (Pocock, 1931). Geographic ranges of these two subspecies meet in a 50–200 km broad contact zone in which representatives of both subspecific phenotypes are encountered (35s. sinica phenotypes; 8s. aurifrons phenotypes in 43 contact zone specimens examined). An annotated gazetteer of known macaque localities in Sri Lanka provides information concerning available museum specimens and field reports by collectors or observers. Comparative study of three remaining species in thesinica group (M. radiata, M. assamensis, & M. thibetana) is in progress.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Mammals, Field Museum of Natural History, Roosevelt Road at Lake Shore Drive, 60605, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.

    Jack Fooden

  2. Chicago State University, USA

    Jack Fooden

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This research was partly supported by National Institutes of Health MBS Grant No. RR-08043 to Chicago State University.

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Fooden, J. Taxonomy and evolution of thesinica group of macaques: I. Species and subspecies accounts ofMacaca sinica . Primates 20, 109–140 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02373832

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