[go: up one dir, main page]
Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Estimating the Coefficient of Subgrade Reaction in the Laboratory Using the CBR Testing Apparatus

  • Research Article-Civil Engineering
  • Published:
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The coefficient of subgrade reaction (k) is used in the analysis and design of substructures, and there is a need to estimate this coefficient in a laboratory setting. This paper aims to explore the feasibility of using the California bearing ratio (CBR) testing apparatus to determine k in the laboratory. The methodology includes an experimental investigation involving CBR tests on a variety of soils under different conditions. The tested soils include sand, marl, and clay soils, at different densities and at soaked and unsoaked conditions. Instead of using a single value from the CBR test data, the entire set of data was utilized to estimate the values of k for the tested soils. The results are presented as a complete spectra of the secant (ks) and tangent (kt) coefficients, as functions of penetration and pressure. The spectrum for ks is more appropriate than that for kt. The spectrum for ks plotted against penetration is more appropriate than the spectrum plotted against pressure. The maximum value for ks is 1,162 MN/m3 for soaked dense sand, and the minimum is 6.8 MN/m3 for soaked loose clay. The maximum value for kt is 1,531 MN/m3 for soaked dense sand, and the minimum is 6.6 MN/m3 for soaked loose clay. The results are compared with those found in the literature. The outcomes indicate that the CBR apparatus can be used to estimate k in the laboratory from the entire spectrum of the CBR results.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Abduljauwad, S.N.; Al-Ghamedy, H.N.; Siddiqui, J.A.; Asi, I.M.; Al-Shayea, N.A.: Stability of vertically bent pipelines buried in sand. J. Press. Vessel Technol. Trans. ASME 126(3), 382–390 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Al-Shayea, N.; Zeedan, H.: A new approach for estimating thickness of mat foundations under certain conditions. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 37(2), 277–290 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Winkler, E.: Die Lehre von Elastizitat und Festigkeit (On elasticity and fixity), Prague, p 182 (1867)

  4. Hetenyi, M.: Beams on elastic foundation, p. 150. The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor (1946)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Terzaghi, K.: Evaluation of coefficients of subgrade. Geotechnique 5(4), 297–326 (1955)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Bowles, J.E.: Foundation analysis and design. McGraw-Hill, New York, 5th edn., p 600 (1997)

  7. Das, B.M.: Principles of foundation engineering, 4th edn., p. 862. Brooks/Cole Pub. Co., ITP, PWS (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Vesic, A.B.: ‘Bending of beams resting on isotropic elastic solid. J. Eng Mech. Div. ASCI. 87(2), 35–53 (1961)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Janbu, N.: Soil compressibility as determined by odometer and triaxial test. Proc. Eur. Conf. Soil Mech. Found. Eng 1, 19–25 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Scott, R.F.: Foundation analysis. Printice-Hall Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  11. ASTM (1993), Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.08.

  12. Talukdar, D.K.: A study of correlation between California bearing ratio (CBR) value with other properties of soil. Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Adv. Eng. 4(1), 559–562 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Rakaraddi, P.G.; Gomarsi, V.: Establishing Relationship Between CBR with Different Soil Properties. Int. J. Res. Eng. Technol. (IJRET) 4(02), 182–188 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Janjua, Z.S.; Chand, J.: Correlation of CBR with index properties of soil. Int. J. Civ. Eng. Technol. (IJCIET) 7(5), 57–62 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Katte, V.Y.; Mfoyet, S.M.; Manefouet, B.; Wouatong, A.S.L.; Bezeng, L.A.: Correlation of California bearing ratio (CBR) value with soil properties of road subgrade soil. Geotech. Geol. Eng. 37, 217–234 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Taskiran, T.: Prediction of California bearing ratio (CBR) of fine grained soils by AI methods. Adv. Eng. Softw. 41, 886–892 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Bhatt, S.; Jain, P.K.: Prediction of California bearing ratio of soils using artificial neural network. American Int. J. Res. Sci. Technol. Eng. Math. (AIJRSTEM) 14, 156–161 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Kassa, S.M.; Wubineh, B.Z.: Use of machine learning to predict California bearing ratio of soils. Adv. Civ. Eng.. 2023(1), 8198648 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8198648

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Putri, E.E.; Rao, N.S.V.K.; Mannan, M.A.: Evaluation of modulus of elasticity and modulus of subgrade reaction of soils using CBR test. J. Civ. Eng. Res. 2(1), 34–40 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Tuleubekov, K. and Brill, D. R., (2014), Correlation between Subgrade Reaction Modulus and CBR for Airport Pavement Subgrades, Second Transportation & Development Congress (T&DI Congress 2014), ASCE, June 8–11, 2014, Orlando, Florida, Page 813–822.

  21. Walker, W. W. and Holland, J. A., 2016, “Modulus of Subgrade Reaction - Which One Should be Used?”, Engineering Bulletin, Structural Services, Structural Services, Inc. https://www.ssiteam.com

  22. Gurbuz, A.; Avci, B.: Modulus of subgrade reaction that varies with magnitude of displacement of cohesionless soil. Arab. J. Geosci. 11, 351 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-018-3713-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Alpaslan, N. (2021) “Comparison of Subgrade Reaction Coefficient Values Obtained With Different Approaches in Soil Investigations”, European Journal of Science and Technology (EJOSAT), No. 21, pp. 223–229, Research Article. http://dergipark.gov.tr/ejosat

  24. Ghazavi, M.; Shahrbabaki, T.S.: The effect of foundation shape on subgrade reaction coefficient. Int. J. Geomech 23(4), 04023011 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0002624

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Miao, J.; Wang, F.: Inverse analysis of subgrade reaction coefficient of subway based on computer neural network. Geotech. Geol. Eng. 41, 1–13 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-022-02257-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Al-Shayea, N.A.: Inherent heterogeneity of sediments in Dhahran Saudi Arabia-a case study. Eng. Geol. 56(3–4), 305–323 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Al-Shayea, N.; Abduljauwad, S.; Bashir, R.; Al-Ghamedy, H.; Asi, I.: Determination of parameters for a hyperbolic model of soils. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. 156(2), 105–117 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The author acknowledges the support of King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

    Naser A. Al-Shayea

Authors
  1. Naser A. Al-Shayea
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Naser A. Al-Shayea.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Al-Shayea, N.A. Estimating the Coefficient of Subgrade Reaction in the Laboratory Using the CBR Testing Apparatus. Arab J Sci Eng (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-024-09678-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-024-09678-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation