Abstract
In this review, some of the latest applicable methods of machine learning (ML) in additive manufacturing (AM) have been presented and the classification of the most common ML techniques and designs for AM have been evaluated. Generally, AM methods are capable of creating complex designs and have shown great efficiency in the customization of intricate products. AM is also a multi-physical process and many parameters affect the quality in the development. As a result, ML has been considered as a competent modeling tool for further understanding and predicting the process of AM. In this work, most commonly implemented AM methods and practices that have been paired with ML methods along with their specific algorithms for optimization are considered. First, an overview of AM and ML techniques is provided. Then, the main steps in AM processes and commonly applied ML methods, as well as their applications, are discussed in further detail, and an outlook of the future of AM in the fourth industrial revolution is given. Ultimately, it was inferred from the previous papers that the most widely applied AM techniques are powder bed fusion, direct energy deposition, and fused deposition modeling. Also, there are other AM methods which are mentioned. The application of ML in each of the renowned techniques are reviewed more explicitly. It was found that, the lack of training data due to the novelty of AM, limitations of available materials to be applied in AM methods, non-standardization in AM data and process, and computational capability were some of the constraints of the application of ML in AM methods.























































Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dixit US, Hazarika M, Davim JP (2017) Manufacturing through ages. A brief history of mechanical engineering. Springer, Cham, pp 99–125
Choudhari CJ, Thakare PS, Sahu SK (2022) 3D printing of composite sandwich structures for aerospace applications. High-performance composite structures: additive manufacturing and processing. Springer, Singapore, pp 45–73
Whenish R, Velu R, Anand Kumar S, Ramprasath LS (2022) Additive manufacturing technologies for biomedical implants using functional biocomposites. High-performance composite structures: additive manufacturing and processing. Springer, Singapore, pp 25–44
Jandyal A, Chaturvedi I, Wazir I, Raina A, Ul Haq MI (2022) 3D printing—a review of processes, materials and applications in industry 4.0. Sustain Oper Comput 3:33–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SUSOC.2021.09.004
Sandström CG (2016) The non-disruptive emergence of an ecosystem for 3D printing—insights from the hearing aid industry’s transition 1989–2008. Technol Forecast Soc Change 102:160–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2015.09.006
Jain PK, Jain PK (2021) Use of 3D printing for home applications: a new generation concept. Mater Today Proc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.145
Bi K, Lin D, Liao Y, Wu C-H, Parandoush P (2021) Additive manufacturing embraces big data. Prog Addit Manuf. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-021-00172-8
Mahamood RM, Akinlabi ET (2016) Laser additive manufacturing. 3D printing: breakthroughs in research and practice. IGI Global, Hershey, pp 154–171
Leary M (2019) Design for additive manufacturing. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Ali SF, Malik FM, Kececi EF, Bal B (2019) Optimization of additive manufacturing for layer sticking and dimensional accuracy. Additive manufacturing technologies from an optimization perspective. IGI Global, Hershey, pp 185–198
Rias AL, Bouchard C, Segonds F, Vayre B, Abed S (2017) Design for additive manufacturing: supporting intrinsic-motivated creativity. Emotional engineering, vol 5. Springer, Cham, pp 99–115
Provaggi E, Kalaskar DM (2017) 3D printing families: laser, powder, nozzle based techniques. 3D printing in medicine. Elsevier Inc, Amsterdam, pp 21–42
Gaisford S (2017) 3D printed pharmaceutical products. 3D printing in medicine. Elsevier Inc, Amsterdam, pp 155–166
Capelli C, Schievano S (2017) Computational analyses and 3D printed models: a combined approach for patient-specific studies. 3D printing in medicine. Elsevier Inc, Amsterdam, pp 73–90
Roopavath UK, Kalaskar DM (2017) Introduction to 3D printing in medicine. 3D printing in medicine. Elsevier Inc, Amsterdam, pp 1–20
Sima F, Sugioka K, Vázquez RM, Osellame R, Kelemen L, Ormos P (2018) Three-dimensional femtosecond laser processing for lab-on-a-chip applications. Nanophotonics 7:613–634. https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2017-0097
Mishra PK, Senthil P, Adarsh S, Anoop MS (2021) An investigation to study the combined effect of different infill pattern and infill density on the impact strength of 3D printed polylactic acid parts. Compos Commun 24:100605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2020.100605
Agrawaal H, Thompson JE (2021) Additive manufacturing (3D Printing) for analytical chemistry. Talanta Open. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talo.2021.100036
Ngo TD, Kashani A, Imbalzano G, Nguyen KTQ, Hui D (2018) Additive manufacturing (3D printing): a review of materials, methods, applications and challenges. Compos Part B Eng 143:172–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.02.012
Pazhamannil RV, Govindan P (2021) Current state and future scope of additive manufacturing technologies via vat photopolymerization. Mater Today Proc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.225
Richter S, Wischmann Iit-Berlin S (n.d.) Additive manufacturing methods-state of development, market prospects for industrial use and ICT-specific challenges in research and development: a study within the scope of scientific assistance for the AUTONOMICS for Industry 4.0 technology programme of the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy. www.autonomik40.de. Accessed 28 Feb 2021
Qi X, Chen G, Li Y, Cheng X, Li C (2019) Applying neural-network-based machine learning to additive manufacturing: current applications, challenges, and future perspectives. Engineering 5:721–729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2019.04.012
Huang DJ, Li H (2021) A machine learning guided investigation of quality repeatability in metal laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing. Mater Des 203:109606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109606
Jain AK, Lad BK (2017) A novel integrated tool condition monitoring system. J Intell Manuf 30:1423–1436. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10845-017-1334-2
Sharma V, Gupta S, Mehta G, Lad BK (2021) A quantum-based diagnostics approach for additive manufacturing machine. IET Collab Intell Manuf 3:184–192. https://doi.org/10.1049/CIM2.12022
Leary M (2020) Powder bed fusion. Design for additive manufacturing. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 295–319
Vock S, Klöden B, Kirchner A, Weißgärber T, Kieback B (2019) Powders for powder bed fusion: a review. Prog Addit Manuf 4:383–397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-019-00078-6
Goodridge R, Ziegelmeier S (2017) Powder bed fusion of polymers. Laser additive manufacturing. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 181–204
Dev Singh D, Mahender T, Raji Reddy A (2021) Powder bed fusion process: a brief review. Mater Today Proc 46:350–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATPR.2020.08.415
Additive Manufacturing Machines, GE Additive (n.d.) https://www.ge.com/additive/additive-manufacturing/machines. Accessed 27 Feb 2021
High-Quality Industrial Metal 3D Printers, SLM Solutions (n.d.) https://www.slm-solutions.com/products-and-solutions/machines/. Accessed 27 Feb 2021
Metal 3D printer, DMLS Printer, Additive Manufacturing Systems (n.d.) https://www.eos.info/en/additive-manufacturing/3d-printing-metal/eos-metal-systems. Accessed 27 Feb 2021
Narayana PL, Lee S, Choi SW, Li CL, Park CH, Yeom JT, Reddy NS, Hong JK (2019) Microstructural response of β-stabilized Ti–6Al–4V manufactured by direct energy deposition. J Alloys Compd 811:152021. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JALLCOM.2019.152021
Zenou M, Grainger L (2018) Additive manufacturing of metallic materials. Addit Manuf Mater Process Quantif Appl. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812155-9.00003-7
Khan I, Kumar N (2020) Fused deposition modelling process parameters influence on the mechanical properties of ABS: a review. Mater Today Proc 44:4004–4008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.202
Piscopo G, Iuliano L (2022) Current research and industrial application of laser powder directed energy deposition. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 2022:1–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00170-021-08596-W
Gebisa AW, Lemu HG (2018) Investigating effects of fused-deposition modeling (FDM) processing parameters on flexural properties of ULTEM 9085 using designed experiment. Materials. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11040500
Sai T, Pathak VK, Srivastava AK (2020) Modeling and optimization of fused deposition modeling (FDM) process through printing PLA implants using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model and whale optimization algorithm. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng 42:617. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-020-02699-3
Rahmati S (2014) Direct rapid tooling A2. Comprehensive materials processing. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 303–344
Levy GN, Schindel R, Kruth JP (2003) Rapid manufacturing and rapid tooling with layer manufacturing (LM) technologies, state of the art and future perspectives. CIRP Ann 52:589–609. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)60206-6
Pilipović A, Raos P, Šercer M (2009) Experimental analysis of properties of materials for rapid prototyping. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 40:105–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-007-1310-7
Rigon D, Ricotta M, Meneghetti G (2020) A literature survey on structural integrity of 3D printed virgin and recycled ABS and PP compounds. Procedia Struct Integr 28:1655–1663. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PROSTR.2020.10.139
Yang Y, Li X, Zheng X, Chen Z, Zhou Q, Chen Y (2018) 3D-printed biomimetic super-hydrophobic structure for microdroplet manipulation and oil/water separation. Adv Mater 30:1704912. https://doi.org/10.1002/ADMA.201704912
Li X, Chen Y (2017) Micro-scale feature fabrication using immersed surface accumulation. J Manuf Process 28:531–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMAPRO.2017.04.022
Xu X, Awad A, Robles-Martinez P, Gaisford S, Goyanes A, Basit AW (2021) Vat photopolymerization 3D printing for advanced drug delivery and medical device applications. J Control Release 329:743–757. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCONREL.2020.10.008
Mao H, Leung Y-S, Li Y, Hu P, Wu W, Chen Y (2017) Multiscale stereolithography using shaped beams. J Micro Nano-Manuf. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4037832
Pan Y, Zhou C, Chen Y (2012) A fast mask projection stereolithography process for fabricating digital models in minutes. J Manuf Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4007465
Zhou C, Chen Y (2012) Additive manufacturing based on optimized mask video projection for improved accuracy and resolution. J Manuf Process 14:107–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMAPRO.2011.10.002
Li X, Mao H, Pan Y, Chen Y (2019) Mask video projection-based stereolithography with continuous resin flow. J Manuf Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4043765
Tumbleston JR, Shirvanyants D, Ermoshkin N, Janusziewicz R, Johnson AR, Kelly D, Chen K, Pinschmidt R, Rolland JP, Ermoshkin A, Samulski ET, DeSimone JM (2015) Continuous liquid interface production of 3D objects. Science 347:1349–1352. https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIENCE.AAA2397
He H, Yang Y, Pan Y (2019) Machine learning for continuous liquid interface production: printing speed modelling. J Manuf Syst 50:236–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMSY.2019.01.004
Johnson AR, Caudill CL, Tumbleston JR, Bloomquist CJ, Moga KA, Ermoshkin A, Shirvanyants D, Mecham SJ, Luft JC, De Simone JM (2016) Single-step fabrication of computationally designed microneedles by continuous liquid interface production. PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0162518
ASTM International—Standards Worldwide (n.d.) https://www.astm.org/. Accessed 29 Aug 2021
The 7 categories of Additive Manufacturing, Additive Manufacturing Research Group | Loughborough University (n.d.) https://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/amrg/about/the7categoriesofadditivemanufacturing/. Accessed 29 Aug 2021
Designation: F2792—12a (n.d.) https://doi.org/10.1520/F2792-12A.
Udroiu R, Braga IC (2017) Polyjet technology applications for rapid tooling. MATEC Web Conf 112:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201711203011
Hassan Saba M, Mukherjee S, Dutta S, Kumar Mallisetty P, Chandra Murmu N (2021) Electrohydrodynamic jet printing for desired print diameter. Mater Today Proc 46:1749–1754. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATPR.2020.07.570
Pilipović A, Baršić G, Katić M, Havstad MR (2020) Repeatability and reproducibility assessment of a polyjet technology using X-ray computed tomography. Appl Sci 10:1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10207040
Bagheri A, Jin J (2019) Photopolymerization in 3D printing. ACS Appl Polym Mater 1:593–611. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.8b00165
O’Neill P, Jolivet L, Kent NJ, Brabazon D (2017) Physical integrity of 3D printed parts for use as embossing tools. Adv Mater Process Technol 3:308–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/2374068X.2017.1330842
Gülcan O, Günaydın K, Tamer A (2021) The state of the art of material jetting—a critical review. Polymers (Basel). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13162829
Revilla-León M, Özcan M (2019) Additive manufacturing technologies used for processing polymers: current status and potential application in prosthetic dentistry. J Prosthodont 28:146–158. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.12801
Lee J, An J, Chua CK (2017) Fundamentals and applications of 3D printing for novel materials. Appl Mater Today 7:120–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2017.02.004
Obikawa T, Yoshino M, Shinozuka J (1999) Sheet steel lamination for rapid manufacturing. J Mater Process Technol 90:171–176
Li Y, Wang S, Tian Q, Ding X (2015) Feature representation for statistical-learning-based object detection: a review. Pattern Recognit 48:3542–3559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2015.04.018
Gu C, Liu C, Zhang J, Huang H, Jia X (2015) Green scheduling for cloud data centers using renewable resources. In: Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. pp 354–359. https://doi.org/10.1109/INFCOMW.2015.7179410.
Wang P, Liu H, Wang L, Gao RX (2018) Deep learning-based human motion recognition for predictive context-aware human-robot collaboration. CIRP Ann 67:17–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2018.04.066
Weimer D, Scholz-Reiter B, Shpitalni M (2016) Design of deep convolutional neural network architectures for automated feature extraction in industrial inspection. CIRP Ann 65:417–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2016.04.072
Johnson NS, Vulimiri PS, To AC, Zhang X, Brice CA, Kappes BB, Stebner AP (2020) Invited review: machine learning for materials developments in metals additive manufacturing. Addit Manuf 36:101641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101641
Rostyslav D, Reinforcement Learning Applications (2020) https://perfectial.com/blog/reinforcement-learning-applications/. Accessed 22 Jan 2021
Nikolaou N, Reeve H, Brown G (2020) Margin maximization as lossless maximal compression. http://arxiv.org/abs/2001.10318. Accessed 29 Mar 2021
Al-Azzam N, Shatnawi I (2021) Comparing supervised and semi-supervised machine learning models on diagnosing breast cancer. Ann Med Surg 62:53–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.12.043
Sun C, Shrivastava A, Singh S, Gupta A (2017) Revisiting unreasonable effectiveness of data in deep learning era
Singh D, Singh B (2020) Investigating the impact of data normalization on classification performance. Appl Soft Comput 97:105524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2019.105524
Späth H (1992) Introduction. Mathematical algorithms for linear regression. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1–15
Botchkarev A (2018) Performance metrics (error measures) in machine learning regression forecasting and prognostics: properties and typology. Interdiscip J Inf Knowl Manage 14:45–76. https://doi.org/10.28945/4184
Park J, John Park ASD, Mackay S (2003) Practical data acquisition for instrumentation and control systems. Newnes, Boston
Li Y, Yu X, Koudas N (2021) Data acquisition for improving machine learning models. Proc VLDB Endow 14:2150–8097. https://doi.org/10.14778/3467861.3467872
Google AI Blog: Deep learning for detection of diabetic eye disease (n.d.) https://ai.googleblog.com/2016/11/deep-learning-for-detection-of-diabetic.html. Accessed 8 Jan 2022
Roh Y, Heo G, Whang SE (2021) A survey on data collection for machine learning: a big data-ai integration perspective. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 33:1328–1347. https://doi.org/10.1109/TKDE.2019.2946162
Nath V, Levinson SE (2014) Machine learning. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05606-7_6
Mohammed M, Khan MB, Bashie EBM (2016) Machine learning: algorithms and applications. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 1–204
Aggarwal A, Srivastava A, Agarwal A, Chahal N, Singh D, Alnuaim AA, Alhadlaq A, Lee HN (2022) Two-way feature extraction for speech emotion recognition using deep learning. Sensors 22:2378. https://doi.org/10.3390/S22062378
Smith LN, Topin N (2017) Super-convergence: very fast training of neural networks using large learning rates. Artif Intell Mach Learn Multi-domain Oper Appl. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1708.07120
Yang L, Shami A (2020) On hyperparameter optimization of machine learning algorithms: theory and practice. Neurocomputing 415:295–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2020.07.061
IBM Education (2020) What is unsupervised learning?. IBM. pp 1–8. Accessed from https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/unsupervised-learning.
Michau G, Fink O (2021) Unsupervised transfer learning for anomaly detection: application to complementary operating condition transfer. Knowl Based Syst 216:106816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2021.106816
Shi Z, Al Mamun A, Kan C, Tian W, Liu C (2022) An LSTM-autoencoder based online side channel monitoring approach for cyber-physical attack detection in additive manufacturing. J Intell Manuf. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10845-021-01879-9
What is reinforcement learning?—MATLAB & Simulink—MathWorks 中国, (n.d.). https://ww2.mathworks.cn/help/reinforcement-learning/ug/what-is-reinforcement-learning.html. Accessed 29 June 2021
Nguyen H, La HM (2019) Review of deep reinforcement learning for robot manipulation. pp 590–595. https://doi.org/10.1109/IRC.2019.00120.
Heuillet A, Couthouis F, Díaz-Rodríguez N (2021) Explainability in deep reinforcement learning. Knowl Based Syst 214:106685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2020.106685
Dharmawan AG, Xiong Y, Foong S, Song Soh G (2020) A model-based reinforcement learning and correction framework for process control of robotic wire arc additive manufacturing. Proc IEEE Int Conf Robot Autom. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRA40945.2020.9197222
Jiao Y, Du P (2016) Performance measures in evaluating machine learning based bioinformatics predictors for classifications. Quant Biol 4:320–330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40484-016-0081-2
Cihan P, Coskun H (2021) Performance comparison of machine learning models for diabetes prediction. In: SIU 2021—29th IEEE Conference on Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference. https://doi.org/10.1109/SIU53274.2021.9477824
Xu Y, Zhou Y, Sekula P, Ding L (2021) Machine learning in construction: from shallow to deep learning. Dev Built Environ 6:100045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dibe.2021.100045
Herriott C, Spear AD (2020) Predicting microstructure-dependent mechanical properties in additively manufactured metals with machine- and deep-learning methods. Comput Mater Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2020.109599
Dong S, Wang P, Abbas K (2021) A survey on deep learning and its applications. Comput Sci Rev 40:100379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosrev.2021.100379
Lecun Y, Bengio Y, Hinton G (2015) Deep learning. Nature 521:436–444. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14539
Li Y, Zhou X, Colnaghi T, Wei Y, Marek A, Li H, Bauer S, Rampp M, Stephenson LT (2021) Convolutional neural network-assisted recognition of nanoscale L12 ordered structures in face-centred cubic alloys. Npj Comput Mater 7:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41524-020-00472-7
Saishu Y, Poorjam AH, Christensen MG (2021) A CNN-based approach to identification of degradations in speech signals. Eurasip J Audio Speech Music Process 2021:9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13636-021-00198-4
Esteva A, Chou K, Yeung S, Naik N, Madani A, Mottaghi A, Liu Y, Topol E, Dean J, Socher R (2021) Deep learning-enabled medical computer vision. Npj Digit Med 4:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-00376-2
Feng S, Fu H, Zhou H, Wu Y, Lu Z, Dong H (2021) A general and transferable deep learning framework for predicting phase formation in materials. Npj Comput Mater 7:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41524-020-00488-z
Banga S, Gehani H, Bhilare S, Patel S, Kara L (2018) 3D topology optimization using convolutional neural networks, ArXiv. http://arxiv.org/abs/1808.07440. Accessed 4 Apr 2021
Cang R, Yao H, Ren Y (2019) One-shot generation of near-optimal topology through theory-driven machine learning. CAD Comput Aided Des 109:12–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2018.12.008
How recurrent neural networks work by Simeon Kostadinov towards data science (n.d.) https://towardsdatascience.com/learn-how-recurrent-neural-networks-work-84e975feaaf7. Accessed 7 Jan 2022
Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Beresford R (2000) Basic concepts of artificial neural network (ANN) modeling and its application in pharmaceutical research. J Pharm Biomed Anal 22:717–727. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(99)00272-1
Kiang MY (2003) Neural networks. Encyclopedia of information systems. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 303–315
Kussul E, Baidyk T, Wunsch DC (2010) Classical neural networks. Neural networks and micromechanics. Springer, Berlin, pp 7–25
A comprehensive guide to convolutional neural networks—the ELI5 way by Sumit Saha towards data science (n.d.) https://towardsdatascience.com/a-comprehensive-guide-to-convolutional-neural-networks-the-eli5-way-3bd2b1164a53. Accessed 7 Jan 2022
Kevin Zhou S, Fichtinger G, Rueckert D (2019) Handbook of medical image computing and computer assisted intervention. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1–1043
Computer Vision (2018) https://doi.org/10.1016/C2015-0-05563-0
Reimers C, Requena-Mesa C (2020) Deep learning—an opportunity and a challenge for geo- and astrophysics. Knowledge discovery in big data from astronomy and earth observation. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 251–265
Nie F, Hu Z, Li X (2018) An investigation for loss functions widely used in machine learning. Commun Inf Syst 18:37–52. https://doi.org/10.4310/cis.2018.v18.n1.a2
Bridgelall R (n.d.) Introduction to support vector machines
Tripathi S, Hemachandra N (2018) Scalable linear classiiers based on exponential loss function. ACM Ref Format. https://doi.org/10.1145/3152494.3152521
Duchi J (n.d.) CS229 supplemental lecture notes
De Boer PT, Kroese DP, Rubinstein RY (n.d.) A tutorial on the cross-entropy method
Zhang W, Wang H, Hartmann C, Weber M, Schutte C, Schutte S (2014) Applications of the cross-entropy method to importance sampling and optimal control of diffusions. Soc Ind Appl Math. https://doi.org/10.1137/14096493X
Botev ZI, Kroese DP (2009) The generalized cross entropy method, with applications to probability density estimation. Methodol Comput Appl Probab 13:1
Mozaffar M, Ebrahimi A, Cao J (2020) Toolpath design for additive manufacturing using deep reinforcement learning a preprint
Audibert J, Michiardi P, Guyard F, Marti S, Zuluaga MA (2020) USAD : unsupervised anomaly detection on multivari-ate time series. p 20. https://doi.org/10.1145/3394486.3403392.
Goh GD, Sing SL, Yeong WY (2021) A review on machine learning in 3D printing: applications, potential, and challenges. Springer, Dordrecht
Li Y, Wan J, Liu A, Jiao Y, Rainer R (2022) Data-driven chaos indicator for nonlinear dynamics and applications on storage ring lattice design. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect A. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2021.166060
Hwang SY, Kim Y, Lee JH (2016) Finite element analysis of residual stress distribution in a thick plate joined using two-pole tandem electro-gas welding. J Mater Process Technol 229:349–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.09.037
Khairallah SA, Anderson AT, Rubenchik A, King WE (2016) Laser powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing: physics of complex melt flow and formation mechanisms of pores, spatter, and denudation zones. Acta Mater 108:36–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.02.014
Toyserkani E, Khajepour A, Corbin S (2004) 3-D finite element modeling of laser cladding by powder injection: effects of laser pulse shaping on the process. Opt Lasers Eng 41:849–867. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-8166(03)00063-0
Dai D, Gu D (2014) Thermal behavior and densification mechanism during selective laser melting of copper matrix composites: Simulation and experiments. Mater Des 55:482–491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.10.006
Gouge M, Michaleris P, Denlinger E, Irwin J (2018) The finite element method for the thermo-mechanical modeling of additive manufacturing processes. Thermo-mechanical modeling of additive manufacturing. Elsevier Inc, Amsterdam, pp 19–38
Nie P, Ojo OA, Li Z (2014) Numerical modeling of microstructure evolution during laser additive manufacturing of a nickel-based superalloy. Acta Mater 77:85–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2014.05.039
Michaleris P (2014) Modeling metal deposition in heat transfer analyses of additive manufacturing processes. Finite Elem Anal Des 86:51–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2014.04.003
Jalalahmadi B, Liu J, Liu Z, Vechart A, Weinzapfel N (2021) An integrated computational materials engineering predictive platform for fatigue prediction and qualification of metallic parts built with additive manufacturing. J Tribol. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4050941
Rajan K (2005) Materials informatics. Mater Today 8:38–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(05)71123-8
Razvi SS, Feng S, Narayanan A, Lee YTT, Witherell P (2019) IDETC2019-98415 A review of machine learning applications in additive manufacturing.
Jin Z, Zhang Z, Demir K, Gu GX (2020) Machine learning for advanced additive manufacturing. Matter 3:1541–1556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2020.08.023
Zhu JH, Zhang WH, Xia L (2016) Topology optimization in aircraft and aerospace structures design. Arch Comput Methods Eng 23:595–622. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-015-9151-2
Liu Z, Li M, Tay YWD, Weng Y, Wong TN, Tan MJ (2020) Rotation nozzle and numerical simulation of mass distribution at corners in 3D cementitious material printing. Addit Manuf 34:101190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101190
Laufer F, Roth D, Binz H (2019) An investigation into the influence of mass distribution on conceptual lightweight design. Procedia CIRP. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2019.04.304
Cheng B, Chou K (2020) A numerical investigation of support structure designs for overhangs in powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing. J Manuf Process 49:187–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2019.11.018
Han Q, Gu H, Soe S, Setchi R, Lacan F, Hill J (2018) Manufacturability of AlSi10Mg overhang structures fabricated by laser powder bed fusion. Mater Des 160:1080–1095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.10.043
Vantyghem G, De Corte W, Shakour E, Amir O (2020) 3D printing of a post-tensioned concrete girder designed by topology optimization. Autom Constr 112:103084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103084
Mirzendehdel AM, Suresh K (2016) Support structure constrained topology optimization for additive manufacturing. CAD Comput Aided Des 81:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2016.08.006
Mantovani S, Campo GA, Ferrari A (2020) Additive manufacturing and topology optimization: A design strategy for a steering column mounting bracket considering overhang constraints. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part C. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954406220917717
Gaynor AT, Guest JK (2014) Topology optimization for additive manufacturing: Considering maximum overhang constraint. In: AIAA Aviation 2014—15th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc., 2014. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-2036
Brackett D, Ashcroft I, Hague R (n.d.) Topology optimization for additive manufacturing
Gu GX, Chen CT, Buehler MJ (2018) De novo composite design based on machine learning algorithm. Extrem Mech Lett 18:19–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2017.10.001
Wilt JK, Yang C, Gu GX (2020) Accelerating auxetic metamaterial design with deep learning. Adv Eng Mater 22:1901266. https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201901266
Ozguc S, Pan L, Weibel JA (2021) Topology optimization of microchannel heat sinks using a homogenization approach. Int J Heat Mass Transf 169:120896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.120896
Cheng L, Liu J, Liang X, To AC (2018) Coupling lattice structure topology optimization with design-dependent feature evolution for additive manufactured heat conduction design. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 332:408–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2017.12.024
Vogiatzis P, Chen S, Wang X, Li T, Wang L (2017) Topology optimization of multi-material negative Poisson’s ratio metamaterials using a reconciled level set method. CAD Comput Aided Des 83:15–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2016.09.009
Tejani GG, Savsani VJ, Patel VK (2016) Adaptive symbiotic organisms search (SOS) algorithm for structural design optimization. J Comput Des Eng 3:226–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcde.2016.02.003
Tejani GG, Kumar S, Gandomi AH (2021) Multi-objective heat transfer search algorithm for truss optimization. Eng Comput 37:641–662. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-019-00846-6
Tejani GG, Savsani VJ, Bureerat S, Patel VK, Savsani P (2019) Topology optimization of truss subjected to static and dynamic constraints by integrating simulated annealing into passing vehicle search algorithms. Eng Comput 35:499–517. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-018-0612-8
Kumar S, Kumar R, Agarwal RP, Samet B (2020) A study of fractional Lotka-Volterra population model using Haar wavelet and Adams-Bashforth-Moulton methods. Math Methods Appl Sci 43:5564–5578. https://doi.org/10.1002/mma.6297
Tejani GG, Pholdee N, Bureerat S, Prayogo D, Gandomi AH (2019) Structural optimization using multi-objective modified adaptive symbiotic organisms search. Expert Syst Appl 125:425–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2019.01.068
Gu GX, Chen CT, Richmond DJ, Buehler MJ (2018) Bioinspired hierarchical composite design using machine learning: simulation, additive manufacturing, and experiment. Mater Horizons 5:939–945. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8mh00653a
Singh K, Kapania RK (2021) Accelerated optimization of curvilinearly stiffened panels using deep learning. Thin-Walled Struct 161:107418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2020.107418
Singh K, Zhao W, Jrad M, Kapania RK (2019) Hybrid optimization of curvilinearly stiffened shells using parallel processing. J Aircr 56:1068–11079. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.C035069
MSC Nastran (n.d.) https://www.mscsoftware.com/de/product/msc-nastran. Accessed 17 Apr 2021
Sosnovik I, Oseledets I (2019) Neural networks for topology optimization. Russ J Numer Anal Math Model 34:215–223. https://doi.org/10.1515/RNAM-2019-0018
Harish B, Eswara Sai Kumar K, Srinivasan B (2020) Topology optimization using convolutional neural network. Advances in multidisciplinary analysis and optimization. Springer, Singapore, pp 301–307
Grierson D, Rennie AEW, Quayle SD, Agarwal R, Ruta G (2021) Machine learning for additive manufacturing. Encyclopedia. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia1030048
Shi Y, Zhang Y, Baek S, De Backer W, Harik R (2018) Manufacturability analysis for additive manufacturing using a novel feature recognition technique. CAD Solut LLC 15:941–952. https://doi.org/10.1080/16864360.2018.1462574
Williams G, Meisel NA, Simpson TW, McComb C (2019) Design repository effectiveness for 3D convolutional neural networks: application to additive manufacturing. J Mech Des Trans ASME 141:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4044199
Yao X, Moon SK, Bi G (2017) A hybrid machine learning approach for additive manufacturing design feature recommendation. Rapid Prototyp J 23:983–997. https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-03-2016-0041
Huang Q, Nouri H, Xu K, Chen Y, Sosina S, Dasgupta T (2014) Statistical predictive modeling and compensation of geometric deviations of three-dimensional printed products. J Manuf Sci Eng Trans ASME 136:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4028510
Zhu Z, Anwer N, Huang Q, Mathieu L (2018) Machine learning in tolerancing for additive manufacturing. CIRP Ann 67:157–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2018.04.119
Ghadai S, Balu A, Krishnamurthy A, Sarkar S (2017) Learning and visualizing localized geometric features using 3D-CNN: an application to manufacturability analysis of drilled holes. Accessed from http://arxiv.org/abs/1711.04851.
Lederer A, Conejo AJ, Maier KA, Xiao W, Umlauft J, Hirche S (2021) Gaussian process-based real-time learning for safety critical applications
Guo Liu JL, Zhang X (2021) Additive manufacturing of structural materials. Mater Sci Eng R Rep. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2020.100596
Additive Manufacturing Materials, Additive Manufacturing (n.d.) https://www.additivemanufacturing.media/kc/what-is-additive-manufacturing/am-materials. Accessed 28 May 2022
Hannifin P (2022) Solve the mysteries of the universe. 29: 1–60
Hoon Kang S, Lemes Jorge V, Ribeiro Teixeira F, Scotti A (2022) Pyrometrical interlayer temperature measurement in WAAM of thin wall: strategies, limitations and functionality. Metals 12:765. https://doi.org/10.3390/MET12050765
Tagawa Y, Maskeliūnas R, Damaševičius R (2021) Acoustic anomaly detection of mechanical failures in noisy real-life factory environments. Electronics 10:2329. https://doi.org/10.3390/ELECTRONICS10192329
Guo AXY, Cheng L, Zhan S, Zhang S, Xiong W, Wang Z, Wang G, Cao SC (2022) Biomedical applications of the powder-based 3D printed titanium alloys: a review. J Mater Sci Technol 125:252–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMST.2021.11.084
Liu J, Ye J, Momin F, Zhang X, Li A (2022) Nonparametric Bayesian framework for material and process optimization with nanocomposite fused filament fabrication. Addit Manuf 54:102765. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ADDMA.2022.102765
Zhang X, Saniie J, Bakhtiari S, Heifetz A (2022) Compression of pulsed infrared thermography data with unsupervised learning for nondestructive evaluation of additively manufactured metals. IEEE Access 10:9094–9107. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3141654
Busachi A, Erkoyuncu J, Colegrove P, Martina F, Watts C, Drake R (2017) A review of additive manufacturing technology and cost estimation techniques for the defence sector. CIRP J Manuf Sci Technol 19:117–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirpj.2017.07.001
Verlinden B, Duflou JR, Collin P, Cattrysse D (2008) Cost estimation for sheet metal parts using multiple regression and artificial neural networks: a case study. Int J Prod Econ 111:484–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2007.02.004
Niazi A, Dai JS, Balabani S, Seneviratne L (2006) Product cost estimation: technique classification and methodology review. J Manuf Sci Eng Trans ASME 128:563–575. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2137750
Bikmukhametov T, Jäschke J (2020) Combining machine learning and process engineering physics towards enhanced accuracy and explainability of data-driven models R. Comput Chem Eng. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2020.106834
Deng S, Yeh TH (2011) Using least squares support vector machines for the airframe structures manufacturing cost estimation. Int J Prod Econ 131:701–708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2011.02.019
Sajadfar N, Ma Y (2015) A hybrid cost estimation framework based on feature-oriented data mining approach. Adv Eng Inform 29:633–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2015.06.001
Chan SL, Lu Y, Wang Y (2018) Data-driven cost estimation for additive manufacturing in cybermanufacturing. J Manuf Syst 46:115–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2017.12.001
Kai C, Leong S (2020) Microstructure evolution and mechanical property response via 3D printing parameter development of Al–Sc alloy. Virtual Phys Prototyp. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2019.1698967
Jiang J, Xiong Y, Zhang Z, Rosen DW (2020) Machine learning integrated design for additive manufacturing. J Intell Manuf. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-020-01715-6
Rosen DW, Rosen DW (2014) Research supporting principles for design for additive manufacturing and strategies for AM research supporting principles for design for additive manufacturing: this paper provides a comprehensive review on current design principles and strategies for AM. Virtual Phys Prototyp 9:225–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2014.951530
Gardner JM, Hunt KA, Ebel AB, Rose ES, Zylich SC, Jensen BD, Wise KE, Siochi EJ, Sauti G (2019) Machines as craftsmen: localized parameter setting optimization for fused filament fabrication 3D printing. Adv Mater Technol 4:1800653. https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.201800653
Deka A, Behdad S (2019) Part separation technique for assembly-based design in additive manufacturing using genetic algorithm. Proc Manuf 2019:764–771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2019.06.208
Abarghooei H, Arabi H, Seyedein SH, Mirzakhani B (2017) Modeling of steady state hot flow behavior of API-X70 microalloyed steel using genetic algorithm and design of experiments. Appl Soft Comput J 52:471–477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2016.10.021
Kumar K, Zindani D, Davim P (2019) Sustainable engineering products and manufacturing technologies. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Mohamed OA, Masood SH, Bhowmik JL (2017) Influence of processing parameters on creep and recovery behavior of FDM manufactured part using definitive screening design and ANN. Rapid Prototyp J 23:998–1010. https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-12-2015-0198
Jiang J, Hu G, Li X, Xu X, Zheng P, Stringer J (2019) Analysis and prediction of printable bridge length in fused deposition modelling based on back propagation neural network. Virtual Phys Prototyp 14:253–266. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2019.1576010
Omar A, Syed H, Jahar L (2016) Processed by fused deposition modeling additive manufacturing. Adv Prod Eng Manage 11:227–238
Bayraktar Ö, Uzun G, Çakiroğlu R, Guldas A (2017) Experimental study on the 3D-printed plastic parts and predicting the mechanical properties using artificial neural networks. Polym Adv Technol 28:1044–1051. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.3960
Sood AK, Equbal A, Toppo V, Ohdar RK, Mahapatra SS (2012) An investigation on sliding wear of FDM built parts. CIRP J Manuf Sci Technol 5:48–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirpj.2011.08.003
Sood AK, Ohdar RK, Mahapatra SS (2012) Experimental investigation and empirical modelling of FDM process for compressive strength improvement. J Adv Res 3:81–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2011.05.001
Moradi M, SalehMeiabadi M, Moghadam MK, Ardabili S, Band SS, Mosavi A (2020) Enhancing 3D printing producibility in polylactic acid using fused filament fabrication and machine learning. Mapp Intim. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202012.0487.v1
Zhang M, Sun CN, Zhang X, Goh PC, Wei J, Hardacre D, Li H (2019) High cycle fatigue life prediction of laser additive manufactured stainless steel: a machine learning approach. Int J Fatigue 128:105194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2019.105194
Tapia G, Khairallah S, Matthews M, King WE, Elwany A (2018) Gaussian process-based surrogate modeling framework for process planning in laser powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing of 316L stainless steel. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 94:3591–3603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-1045-z
Tapia G, Elwany AH, Sang H (2016) Prediction of porosity in metal-based additive manufacturing using spatial Gaussian process models. Addit Manuf 12:282–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2016.05.009
Aoyagi K, Wang H, Sudo H, Chiba A (2019) Simple method to construct process maps for additive manufacturing using a support vector machine. Addit Manuf 27:353–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2019.03.013
Wang C, Tan XP, Tor SB, Lim CS (2020) Machine learning in additive manufacturing: state-of-the-art and perspectives. Addit Manuf 36:101538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101538
Chowdhury S, Anand S (2016) Artificial neural network based geometric compensation for thermal deformation in additive manufacturing processes. ASME Int. https://doi.org/10.1115/msec2016-8784
Liu S, Shin YC (2019) Additive manufacturing of Ti6Al4V alloy: a review. Mater Des 164:107552. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATDES.2018.107552
Khorasani AM, Gibson I, Awan US, Ghaderi A (2019) The effect of SLM process parameters on density, hardness, tensile strength and surface quality of Ti-6Al-4V. Addit Manuf 25:176–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ADDMA.2018.09.002
Majumdar T, Bazin T, Ribeiro EMC, Frith JE, Birbilis N (2019) Understanding the effects of PBF process parameter interplay on Ti-6Al-4V surface properties. PLoS ONE 14:e0221198. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0221198
Egan DS, Dowling DP (2019) Influence of process parameters on the correlation between in-situ process monitoring data and the mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V non-stochastic cellular structures. Addit Manuf 30:100890. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ADDMA.2019.100890
Levkulich NC, Semiatin SL, Gockel JE, Middendorf JR, DeWald AT, Klingbeil NW (2019) The effect of process parameters on residual stress evolution and distortion in the laser powder bed fusion of Ti-6Al-4V. Addit Manuf 28:475–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ADDMA.2019.05.015
Aslani K-E, Kitsakis K, Kechagias JD, Vaxevanidis NM, Manolakos DE (2020) On the application of grey Taguchi method for benchmarking the dimensional accuracy of the PLA fused filament fabrication process. SN Appl Sci 2(6):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/S42452-020-2823-Z
Aslani KE, Vakouftsi F, Kechagias JD, Mastorakis NE (2019) Surface roughness optimization of poly-jet 3D printing using Grey Taguchi method. In: 2019 3rd International Conference on Control, Artificial Intelligence, Robotics & Optimization (ICCAIRO). pp 213–218. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAIRO47923.2019.00041.
Narayana PL, Kim JH, Lee J, Choi S-W, Lee S, Park CH, Yeom J-T, Reddy NGS, Hong J-K (2021) Optimization of process parameters for direct energy deposited Ti-6Al-4V alloy using neural networks. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 114:3269–3283. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00170-021-07115-1
Reddy NS, Panigrahi BB, Ho CM, Kim JH, Lee CS (2015) Artificial neural network modeling on the relative importance of alloying elements and heat treatment temperature to the stability of α and β phase in titanium alloys. Comput Mater Sci 107:175–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMMATSCI.2015.05.026
Lang V (2021) Data-based process development and control in multi-material jetting technology. Ceram Appl 9:53–57
Sander G, Babu AP, Gao X, Jiang D, Birbilis N (2021) On the effect of build orientation and residual stress on the corrosion of 316L stainless steel prepared by selective laser melting. Corros Sci 179:109149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2020.109149
Zhang B, Dembinski L, Coddet C (2013) The study of the laser parameters and environment variables effect on mechanical properties of high compact parts elaborated by selective laser melting 316L powder. Mater Sci Eng A 584:21–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2013.06.055
Liu Q, Wu H, Paul MJ, He P, Peng Z, Gludovatz B, Kruzic JJ, Wang CH, Li X (2020) Machine-learning assisted laser powder bed fusion process optimization for AlSi10Mg: new microstructure description indices and fracture mechanisms. Acta Mater 201:316–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2020.10.010
Kamath C, Fan YJ (2018) Regression with small data sets: a case study using code surrogates in additive manufacturing. Knowl Inf Syst 57:475–493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10115-018-1174-1
Fang SF, Wang MP, Song M (2009) An approach for the aging process optimization of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu series alloys. Mater Des 30:2460–2467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2008.10.008
Read N, Wang W, Essa K, Attallah MM (2015) Selective laser melting of AlSi10Mg alloy: process optimisation and mechanical properties development. Mater Des 65:417–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.09.044
Zhang Z, Liu Z, Wu D (2020) Prediction of melt pool temperature in directed energy deposition using machine learning. Addit Manuf 37:101692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101692
Omar S, Ngadi A, Jebur HH (2013) Machine learning techniques for anomaly detection: an overview. Int J Comput Appl 79:33–41. https://doi.org/10.5120/13715-1478
Jin Z, Zhang Z, Ott J, Gu GX (2021) Precise localization and semantic segmentation detection of printing conditions in fused filament fabrication technologies using machine learning. Addit Manuf 37:101696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101696
Wang P, Yang Y, Moghaddam NS (2022) Process modeling in laser powder bed fusion towards defect detection and quality control via machine learning: the state-of-the-art and research challenges. J Manuf Process 73:961–984. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMAPRO.2021.11.037
Ye Z, Liu C, Tian W, Kan C (2021) In-situ point cloud fusion for layer-wise monitoring of additive manufacturing. J Manuf Syst 61:210–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2021.09.002
Egan DS, Ryan CM, Parnell AC, Dowling DP (2021) Using in-situ process monitoring data to identify defective layers in Ti-6Al-4V additively manufactured porous biomaterials. J Manuf Process 64:1248–1254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.03.002
Qin J, Hu F, Liu Y, Witherell P, Wang CCL, Rosen DW, Simpson TW, Lu Y, Tang Q (2022) Research and application of machine learning for additive manufacturing. Addit Manuf 52:102691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2022.102691
Kodaira Y, Miura T, Ito S, Emori K, Yonezu A, Nagatsuka H (2021) Evaluation of crack propagation behavior of porous polymer membranes. Polym Test 96:107124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2021.107124
Yang K, Yu L, Xia M, Xu T, Li W (2021) Nonlinear RANSAC with crossline correction: an algorithm for vision-based curved cable detection system. Opt Lasers Eng 141:106417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2020.106417
Muhammad W, Brahme AP, Ibragimova O, Kang J, Inal K (2021) A machine learning framework to predict local strain distribution and the evolution of plastic anisotropy & fracture in additively manufactured alloys. Int J Plast 136:102867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2020.102867
Muñoz JA, Pavlov M, Cheverikin V, Komissarov A, Gromov A (2021) Heterogeneity consequences on the mechanical and microstructural evolution of an AlSi11Cu alloy obtained by selective laser melting. Mater Charact 174:110989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2021.110989
Ghoncheh MH, Sanjari M, Zoeram AS, Cyr E, Amirkhiz BS, Lloyd A, Haghshenas M, Mohammadi M (2021) On the microstructure and solidification behavior of new generation additively manufactured Al-Cu-Mg-Ag-Ti-B alloys. Addit Manuf 37:101724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101724
Gur S, Wolf L, Golgher L, Blinder P (2019) Unsupervised microvascular image segmentation using an active contours mimicking neural network. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF international conference on computer vision. pp 10721–10730. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCV.2019.01082.
Koch G (2015) Siamese neural networks for one-shot image recognition,
Pan Y, He H, Xu J, Feinerman A (2017) Study of separation force in constrained surface projection stereolithography. Rapid Prototyp J 23:353–361. https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-12-2015-0188
He H, Xu J, Yu X, Pan Y (2018) Effect of constrained surface texturing on separation force in projection stereolithography. J Manuf Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4040322
Xu W, Jambhulkar S, Zhu Y, Ravichandran D, Kakarla M, Vernon B, Lott DG, Cornella JL, Shefi O, Miquelard-Garnier G, Yang Y, Song K (2021) 3D printing for polymer/particle-based processing: a review. Compos Part B Eng 223:109102. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPOSITESB.2021.109102
Mostafaei A, Stevens EL, Hughes ET, Biery SD, Hilla C, Chmielus M (2016) Powder bed binder jet printed alloy 625: densification, microstructure and mechanical properties. Mater Des 108:126–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATDES.2016.06.067
Yegyan Kumar A, Wang J, Bai Y, Huxtable ST, Williams CB (2019) Impacts of process-induced porosity on material properties of copper made by binder jetting additive manufacturing. Mater Des 182:108001. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATDES.2019.108001
Zhu Y, Wu Z, Hartley WD, Sietins JM, Williams CB, Yu HZ (2020) Unraveling pore evolution in post-processing of binder jetting materials: X-ray computed tomography, computer vision, and machine learning. Addit Manuf 34:101183. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ADDMA.2020.101183
Mostafaei A, Toman J, Stevens EL, Hughes ET, Krimer YL, Chmielus M (2017) Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of differently heat-treated binder jet printed samples from gas- and water-atomized alloy 625 powders. Acta Mater 124:280–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ACTAMAT.2016.11.021
Mohammad S, Hojjatzadeh H, Parab ND, Yan W, Guo Q, Xiong L, Zhao C, Qu M, Escano LI, Xiao X, Fezzaa K, Everhart W, Sun T, Chen L (2019) Pore elimination mechanisms during 3D printing of metals. Nat Commun. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10973-9
Everton SK, Hirsch M, Stavroulakis PI, Leach RK, Clare AT (2016) Review of in-situ process monitoring and in-situ metrology for metal additive manufacturing. Mater Des 95:431–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATDES.2016.01.099
Lu QY, Wong CH (2018) Additive manufacturing process monitoring and control by non-destructive testing techniques: challenges and in-process monitoring. Virtual Phys Prototyp 13:39–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2017.1351201
Landron C, Maire E, Bouaziz O, Adrien J, Lecarme L, Bareggi A (2011) Validation of void growth models using X-ray microtomography characterization of damage in dual phase steels. Acta Mater 59:7564–7573. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ACTAMAT.2011.08.046
Cai X, Malcolm AA, Wong BS, Fan Z (2015) Measurement and characterization of porosity in aluminium selective laser melting parts using X-ray CT. Virtual Phys Prototy 10:195–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2015.1112412
Flodberg G, Pettersson H, Yang L (2018) Pore analysis and mechanical performance of selective laser sintered objects. Addit Manuf 24:307–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ADDMA.2018.10.001
Dimiduk DM, Holm EA, Niezgoda SR (2018) Perspectives on the impact of machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence on materials, processes, and structures engineering. Integr Mater Manuf Innov 7(3):157–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40192-018-0117-8
Cha Y-J, Choi W, Büyüköztürk O (2017) Deep learning-based crack damage detection using convolutional neural networks. Comput Civ Infrastruct Eng 32:361–378. https://doi.org/10.1111/MICE.12263
Cunningham R, Narra SP, Montgomery C, Beuth J, Rollett AD (2017) Synchrotron-based X-ray microtomography characterization of the effect of processing variables on porosity formation in laser power-bed additive manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V. JOM. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-016-2234-1
Romano S, Brandão A, Gumpinger J, Gschweitl M, Beretta S (2017) Qualification of AM parts: extreme value statistics applied to tomographic measurements. Mater Des 131:32–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATDES.2017.05.091
Wu Z, Alorf A, Yang T, Li L, Zhu Y (2019) Robust X-ray sparse-view phase tomography via hierarchical synthesis convolutional neural networks. https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.10644v1. Accessed 31 Aug 2021
Jolliffe IT, Cadima J (2016) Principal component analysis: a review and recent developments. Philos Trans R Soc A 374:2065. https://doi.org/10.1098/RSTA.2015.0202
Cramer CL, Nandwana P, Lowden RA, Elliott AM (2019) Infiltration studies of additive manufacture of WC with Co using binder jetting and pressureless melt method. Addit Manuf 28:333–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ADDMA.2019.04.009
Mostafaei A, Rodriguez De Vecchis P, Nettleship I, Chmielus M (2019) Effect of powder size distribution on densification and microstructural evolution of binder-jet 3D-printed alloy 625. Mater Des 162:375–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATDES.2018.11.051
Khanzadeh M, Chowdhury S, Marufuzzaman M, Tschopp MA, Bian L (2018) Porosity prediction: supervised-learning of thermal history for direct laser deposition. J Manuf Syst 47:69–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2018.04.001
Li Y, Shi Z, Liu C, Tian W, Kong Z, Williams CB (2021) Augmented time regularized generative adversarial network (ATR-GAN) for data augmentation in online process anomaly detection. IEEE Trans Autom Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.1109/TASE.2021.3118635
Becker P, Roth C, Roennau A, Dillmann R (2020) Acoustic anomaly detection in additive manufacturing with long short-term memory neural networks. IEEE 7th Int Conf Ind Eng Appl ICIEA 2020:921–926. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIEA49774.2020.9102002
Print Quality Guide, (n.d.). https://www.simplify3d.com/support/print-quality-troubleshooting/. Accessed 1 June 2022
Datsiou KC, Spirrett F, Ashcroft I, Magallanes M, Christie S, Goodridge R (2021) Laser powder bed fusion of soda lime silica glass: optimisation of processing parameters and evaluation of part properties. Addit Manuf 39:101880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.101880
Vaithilingam J, Goodridge RD, Hague RJM, Christie SDR, Edmondson S (2016) The effect of laser remelting on the surface chemistry of Ti6al4V components fabricated by selective laser melting. J Mater Process Technol 232:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.01.022
Snow Z, Diehl B, Reutzel EW, Nassar A (2021) Toward in-situ flaw detection in laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing through layerwise imagery and machine learning. J Manuf Syst 59:12–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2021.01.008
Baumgartl H, Tomas J, Buettner R, Merkel M (2020) A deep learning-based model for defect detection in laser-powder bed fusion using in-situ thermographic monitoring. Prog Addit Manuf 5:277–285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-019-00108-3
Scime L, Beuth J (2018) Anomaly detection and classification in a laser powder bed additive manufacturing process using a trained computer vision algorithm. Addit Manuf 19:114–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2017.11.009
Mojahed Yazdi R, Imani F, Yang H (2020) A hybrid deep learning model of process-build interactions in additive manufacturing. J Manuf Syst 57:460–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2020.11.001
Tammas-Williams S, Withers PJ, Todd I, Prangnell PB (2017) The influence of porosity on fatigue crack initiation in additively manufactured titanium components. Sci Rep 7:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06504-5
Beretta S, Romano S (2017) A comparison of fatigue strength sensitivity to defects for materials manufactured by AM or traditional processes. Int J Fatigue 94:178–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2016.06.020
Masuo H, Tanaka Y, Morokoshi S, Yagura H, Uchida T, Yamamoto Y, Murakami Y (2018) Influence of defects, surface roughness and HIP on the fatigue strength of Ti-6Al-4V manufactured by additive manufacturing. Int J Fatigue 117:163–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2018.07.020
Nassar AR, Gundermann MA, Reutzel EW, Guerrier P, Krane MH, Weldon MJ (2019) Formation processes for large ejecta and interactions with melt pool formation in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing. Sci Rep 9:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41415-7
Gobert C, Reutzel EW, Petrich J, Nassar AR, Phoha S (2018) Application of supervised machine learning for defect detection during metallic powder bed fusion additive manufacturing using high resolution imaging. Addit Manuf 21:517–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ADDMA.2018.04.005
Morgan JP (2019) Data fusion for additive manufacturing inspection
Liu R, Liu S, Zhang X (2021) A physics-informed machine learning model for porosity analysis in laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 113:1943–1958. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-06640-3
Ward L, Agrawal A, Choudhary A, Wolverton C (2016) A general-purpose machine learning framework for predicting properties of inorganic materials. Npj Comput Mater 2:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2016.28
Dong G, Leong S, Fang Y, Li J, Thong J, Kai Z, Reddy S, Yee W (2021) Machine learning for 3D printed multi-materials tissue-mimicking anatomical models. Mater Des 211:110125
Karmuhilan M, Sood AK (2018) Intelligent process model for bead geometry prediction in WAAM. Mater Today Proc 5:24005–24013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.10.193
Chaparro BM, Thuillier S, Menezes LF, Manach PY, Fernandes JV (2008) Material parameters identification: gradient-based, genetic and hybrid optimization algorithms. Comput Mater Sci 44:339–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2008.03.028
Liu S, Stebner AP, Kappes BB, Zhang X (2021) Machine learning for knowledge transfer across multiple metals additive manufacturing printers. Addit Manuf 39:101877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.101877
Singh A, Nath A, Shekhar Roy S, Kumar Lohar A (2022) Modeling of laser aided direct metal deposition of stainless steel using supervised deep learning algorithms. Mater Today Proc. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATPR.2022.03.468
Ni J, Ling H, Zhang S, Wang Z, Peng Z, Benyshek C, Zan R, Miri AK, Li Z, Zhang X, Lee J, Lee KJ, Kim HJ, Tebon P, Hoffman T, Dokmeci MR, Ashammakhi N, Li X, Khademhosseini A (2019) Three-dimensional printing of metals for biomedical applications. Mater Today Bio 3:100024. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MTBIO.2019.100024
Ni L, Wang D, Wu J, Wang Y, Tao Y, Zhang J, Liu J (2020) Streamflow forecasting using extreme gradient boosting model coupled with Gaussian mixture model. J Hydrol 586:124901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124901
Chen T, Guestrin C (2016) XGBoost: a scalable tree boosting system. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Association for Computing Machinery. pp 785–794. https://doi.org/10.1145/2939672.2939785.
Fan J, Wu L, Zhang F, Cai H, Zeng W, Wang X, Zou H (2019) Empirical and machine learning models for predicting daily global solar radiation from sunshine duration: a review and case study in China. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 100:186–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.10.018
Nguyen-Le DH, Tao QB, Nguyen VH, Abdel-Wahab M, Nguyen-Xuan H (2020) A data-driven approach based on long short-term memory and hidden Markov model for crack propagation prediction. Eng Fract Mech 235:107085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2020.107085
Hochreiter S, Schmidhuber J (1997) Long short-term memory. Neural Comput 9:1735–1780. https://doi.org/10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735
Khanzadeh M, Chowdhury S, Tschopp MA, Doude HR, Marufuzzaman M, Bian L (2019) In-situ monitoring of melt pool images for porosity prediction in directed energy deposition processes. IISE Trans 51:437–455. https://doi.org/10.1080/24725854.2017.1417656
Galeazzi D, Silva RHGe, Viviani AB, Jaeger PR, Schwedersky MB (2022) Evaluation of thermal and geometric properties of martensitic stainless steel thin walls built by additive manufacturing cold metal transfer (CMT) processes. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 120:2151–2165. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00170-022-08921-X
Choi TM, Kumar S, Yue X, Chan HL (2022) Disruptive technologies and operations management in the industry 4.0 era and beyond. Prod Oper Manage 31:9–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/POMS.13622
Sood SK, Rawat KS, Kumar D (2022) A visual review of artificial intelligence and Industry 4.0 in healthcare. Comput Electr Eng 101:107948. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPELECENG.2022.107948
Kumar N, Bhavsar H, Mahesh PVS, Srivastava AK, Bora BJ, Saxena A, Dixit AR (2022) Wire arc additive manufacturing—a revolutionary method in additive manufacturing. Mater Chem Phys 285:126144. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATCHEMPHYS.2022.126144
Barrionuevo GO, Sequeira-Almeida PM, Ríos S, Ramos-Grez JA, Williams SW (2022) A machine learning approach for the prediction of melting efficiency in wire arc additive manufacturing. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 2022(120):3123–3133. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00170-022-08966-Y
Li Y, Mu H, Polden J, Li H, Wang L, Xia C, Pan Z (2022) Towards intelligent monitoring system in wire arc additive manufacturing: a surface anomaly detector on a small dataset. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 2022(120):5225–5242. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00170-022-09076-5
Zhou J, Wu X, Chen Y, Yang C, Yang R, Tan J, Liu Y, Qiu L, Cheng HM (2022) 3D printed template-directed assembly of multiscale graphene structures. Adv Funct Mater 32:2105879. https://doi.org/10.1002/ADFM.202105879
Think big. Print nano. Your partner for high-precision additive manufacturing. Nanoscribe, (n.d.). https://www.nanoscribe.com/en/. Accessed 18 May 2022
Korkmaz ME, Waqar S, Garcia-Collado A, Gupta MK, Krolczyk GM (2022) A technical overview of metallic parts in hybrid additive manufacturing industry. J Mater Res Technol 18:384–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMRT.2022.02.085
Haleem A, Javaid M, Vaishya R (2019) 5D printing and its expected applications in orthopaedics. J Clin Orthop Trauma 10:809. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCOT.2018.11.014
Gillaspie EA, Matsumoto JS, Morris NE, Downey RJ, Shen KR, Allen MS, Blackmon SH (2016) From 3-dimensional printing to 5-dimensional printing: enhancing thoracic surgical planning and resection of complex tumors. Ann Thorac Surg 101:1958–1962. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATHORACSUR.2015.12.075
Yang Y, Li X, Chu M, Sun H, Jin J, Yu K, Wang Q, Zhou Q, Chen Y (2019) Electrically assisted 3D printing of nacre-inspired structures with self-sensing capability. Sci Adv. https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIADV.AAU9490
Arif ZU, Khalid MY, Ahmed W, Arshad H (2022) A review on four-dimensional (4D) bioprinting in pursuit of advanced tissue engineering applications. Bioprinting 27:e00203. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BPRINT.2022.E00203
Three Areas Holding Back The $10.6B 3D Printing Industry, (n.d.). https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelmolitch-hou/2022/04/25/three-areas-holding-back-the-106b-3d-printing-industry/?sh=7740ac474935. Accessed 18 May 2022
Harris P, Laskowski B, Reutzel E, Earthman JC, Hess AJ (2018) Reliability centered additive manufacturing computational design framework. IEEE Aerosp Conf Proc. https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2018.8396824
Liu Y, Guo L, Gao H, You Z, Ye Y, Zhang B (2022) Machine vision based condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of machine tools using information from machined surface texture: a review. Mech Syst Signal Process 164:108068. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YMSSP.2021.108068
Ahmad MA, Teredesai A, Eckert C (2018) Interpretable machine learning in healthcare. Proc 2018 Int Conf Healthc Inform ICHI. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHI.2018.00095
Sagi O, Rokach L (2020) Explainable decision forest: transforming a decision forest into an interpretable tree. Inf Fusion 61:124–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INFFUS.2020.03.013
Ekanayake IU, Meddage DPP, Rathnayake U (2022) A novel approach to explain the black-box nature of machine learning in compressive strength predictions of concrete using Shapley additive explanations (SHAP). Case Stud Constr Mater 16:e01059
Vora HB, Mirani HA, Bhatt V (2021) Traditional machine learning and no code machine learning with its features and application. Int J Trend Sci Res Dev 5:29–32
Prathumrat P, Nikzad M, Hajizadeh E, Arablouei R, Sbarski I (2022) Shape memory elastomers: a review of synthesis, design, advanced manufacturing, and emerging applications. Polym Adv Technol 33:1782–1808. https://doi.org/10.1002/PAT.5652
Alejandrino JD, Concepcion RS, Lauguico SC, Tobias RR, Venancio L, Macasaet D, Bandala AA, Dadios EP (2020) A machine learning approach of lattice infill pattern for increasing material efficiency in additive manufacturing processes. Int J Mech Eng Robot Res 9:1253–1263. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijmerr.9.9.1253-1263
Wei HL, Mukherjee T, Zhang W, Zuback JS, Knapp GL, De A, DebRoy T (2020) Mechanistic models for additive manufacturing of metallic components. Prog Mater Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2020.100703
Wang Y, Müller W-D, Rumjahn A, Schwitalla A (2020) Parameters influencing the outcome of additive manufacturing of tiny medical devices based on PEEK. Materials (Basel) 13:466. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13020466
Dinc NU, Lim J, Kakkava E, Psaltis D, Moser C (2020) Computer generated optical volume elements by additive manufacturing. Nanophotonics 9:4173–4181. https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0196
Majeed A, Zhang Y, Ren S, Lv J, Peng T, Waqar S, Yin E (2021) A big data-driven framework for sustainable and smart additive manufacturing. Robot Comput Integr Manuf 67:102026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2020.102026
Paraskevoudis K, Karayannis P, Koumoulos EP (2020) Real-time 3D printing remote defect detection (stringing) with computer vision and artificial intelligence. Processes. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8111464
Fountas NA, Vaxevanidis NM (2021) Optimization of fused deposition modeling process using a virus-evolutionary genetic algorithm. Comput Ind 125:103371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2020.103371
Colosimo BM, Huang Q, Dasgupta T, Tsung F (2018) Opportunities and challenges of quality engineering for additive manufacturing. J Qual Technol 50:233–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224065.2018.1487726
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sarkon, G.K., Safaei, B., Kenevisi, M.S. et al. State-of-the-Art Review of Machine Learning Applications in Additive Manufacturing; from Design to Manufacturing and Property Control. Arch Computat Methods Eng 29, 5663–5721 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-022-09786-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-022-09786-9