[go: up one dir, main page]
Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Mechanical behavior of Benxi Formation limestone under triaxial compression: a new post-peak constitutive model and experimental validation

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In order to understand the mechanical behavior of limestone and to formulate a new post-peak constitutive model, triaxial tests on the intact Benxi Formation limestone from Gequan mine, Hebei Province, China, were conducted using the Electro-hydraulic Servo-controlled Rock Mechanics Testing System (MTS815). Test results showed that the deformation behavior of the limestone specimens at the post-peak stage was that the axial stress dropped rapidly and the axial strain remained constant for some time before it continued to grow, but lateral strain kept increasing. To explain the deformation behavior and failure mechanism of the intact specimens, mineral composition and microstructure were analyzed using both a polarizing optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy. A tension-shear failure strength criterion was established based on the observed failure modes of the intact specimens. Furthermore, a new post-peak constitutive model was proposed according to the deformation behavior of the intact specimens at the post-peak stage. The proposed post-peak constitutive model was further developed by considering both failure strength criterion and confining pressure. In order to validate the proposed model, experimental data and theoretical results predicted by the proposed model were compared. Comparison of results showed that the new model can capture the post-peak deformation behavior of the limestone well. Additionally, repeated loading tests under triaxial compression were performed to investigate the influence of loading times on the mechanical behavior of the fractured limestone specimens. Test results showed that both the maximum load and plastic deformation of the fractured specimens decreased with increasing loading times.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.

References

  • Akbardoost J, Ayatollahi MR, Aliha MRM, Pavier MJ, Smith DJ (2014) Size-dependent fracture behavior of Guiting limestone under mixed mode loading. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 71:369–380

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alber M, Heiland J (2001) Investigation of a limestone pillar failure part 1: geology, laboratory testing and numerical modeling. Rock Mech Rock Eng 34(3):167–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ali MSM, Oehlers DJ, Griffith MC (2010) The residual strength of confined concrete. Adv Struct Eng 13(4):603–618

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aliha MRM, Sistaniniab M, Smith DJ, Pavier MJ, Ayatollahi MR (2012) Geometry effects and statistical analysis of mode I fracture in guiting limestone. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 51:128–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Shayea NA (2004) Effects of testing methods and conditions on the elastic properties of limestone rock. Eng Geol 74(1–2):139–156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ASTM (1986) Standard test method for triaxial compressive strength of undrained rock core specimens without pore pressure measurement. ASTM Standard 04.08 (D2664). ASTM International, West Conshohocken

  • Atiye T (2004) The effect of weathering on pore geometry and compressive strength of selected rock types from Turkey. Eng Geol 75:215–227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhat DR, Bhandary NP, Yatabe R (2013) Experimental study of strength recovery from residual strength on kaolin clay. Int J Civ Eng 7(1):67–73

    Google Scholar 

  • Cao WG, Zhao H, Li X et al (2010) Statistical damage model with strain softening and hardening for rocks under the influence of voids and volume changes. Can Geotech J 47(8):857–871

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cao W (2012) A statistical damage simulation method for rock full deformation process with consideration of the deformation characteristics of residual strength phase. China civ. Eng J 45(6):139–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Cardell C, Benavente D, Rodríguez-Gordillo J (2008) Weathering of limestone building material by mixed sulfate solutions. Characterization of stone microstructure, reaction products and decay forms. Mater Charact 59(10):1371–1385

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cui QL, Wu HN, Shen SL, Xu YS, Ye GL (2015) Chinese karst geology and measures to prevent geohazards during shield tunnelling in karst region with caves. Nat Hazards 77(1):129–152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Descamps F, Silva MRD, Schroeder C et al (2012) Limiting envelopes of a dry porous limestone under true triaxial stress states. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 2012(56):88–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fornós JJ, Gómez-Pujol L, Cifre J et al (2011) First steps in limestone weathering and erosion: an atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) approach. Acta Carsologica 40:275–282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gandomi AH, Babanajad SK, Alavi AH, Farnam Y (2012) Novel Approach to Strength Modeling of Concrete under Triaxial Compression. J Mater Civil Eng 24(9):1132-1143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gaswirth SB, Budd DA, Crawford BR (2006) Textural and stratigraphic controls on fractured dolomite in a carbonate aquifer system,Ocala limestone, west-central Florida. Sediment Geol 184:241–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghazi M, Attard MM, Foster SJ (2002) Modelling triaxial compression using the Microplane formulation for low confinement. Comput Struct 80(11):919-934

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • He KQ, Jia YY, Wang B, Wang RL, Luo HL (2013) Comprehensive fuzzy evaluation model and evaluation of the karst collapse susceptibility in Zaozhuang region, China. Nat Hazards 68(2):613–629

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • He MC, Miao JL, Feng JL (2010) Rock burst process of limestone and its acoustic emission characteristics under true-triaxial unloading conditions. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 47(2):286–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ISRM (1981) ISRM suggested methods for rock characterization, testing and monitoring. Pergamon, Oxford, pp. 113–116 and 123–127

  • Kılıç Ö (2006) The influence of high temperatures on limestone P-wave velocity and Schmidt hammer strength. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 43(6):980–986

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lemaitre J (1984) How to use damage mechanics. Nucl Eng Des 80(2):233–245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Oh J, Mitra R et al (2015) A constitutive model for a laboratory rock joint with multi-scale asperity degradation. Comput Geotech 72:143–151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lubelli B, Nijland TG (2014) Damage mechanism in Tournai limestone–the case of the tomb of admiral tromp in the old Church of Delft (the Netherlands). J Cult Herit 15:313–317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma D, Bai HB, Wang YM (2015) Mechanical behavior of a coal seam penetrated by a karst collapse pillar: mining-induced groundwater inrush risk. Nat Hazards 75(3):2137–2151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nasseri MHB, Goodfellow SD, Wanne T et al (2013) Thermo-hydro-mechanical properties of Cobourg limestone. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 61(10):212–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen GD, Chi TN, Bui HH et al (2016) Constitutive modelling of compaction localisation in porous sandstones. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 83:57–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nicholson DT (2001) Pore properties as indicators of breakdown mechanisms in experimentally weathered limestones. Earth Surf Proc Land 26:819–838

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palchik V, Hatzor YH (2002) Crack damage stress as a composite function of porosity and elastic matrix stiffness in dolomites and limestones. Eng Geol 63:233–245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parent T, Domede N, Sellier A, Mouatt L (2015) Mechanical characterization of limestone from sound velocity measurement. Int J Rock Mech Mining Sci 79:149-156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pesendorfer M, Loew S (2010) Subsurface exploration and transient pressure testing from a deep tunnel in fractured and karstified limestones (Lötschberg Base tunnel, Switzerland). Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 47(1):121–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Popp T, Salzer K, (2007) Anisotropy of seismic and mechanical properties of Opalinus clay during triaxial deformation in a multi-anvil apparatus. Phys Chem Earth Parts A/B/C 32(8-14):879-888

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pourhosseini O, Shabanimashcool M (2014) Development of an elasto-plastic constitutive model for intact rocks. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 66:1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qian MG, Shi PW (2003) Mining pressure and strata control. China Mining University Press, Xuzhou, pp 23–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Rinehart AJ, Bishop JE, Thomas D (2015) Fracture propagation in Indiana limestone interpreted via linear softening cohesive fracture model. J Geophys Res 120(4):2292–2308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sabatakakis N, Koukis G, Tsiambaos G et al (2008) Index properties and strength variation controlled by microstructure for sedimentary rocks. Eng Geol 97:80–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shah KR (1997) An elasto-plastic constitutive model for brittle-ductile transition in porous rocks. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 34(3–4):283.e1–283.e13

    Google Scholar 

  • Steve DL, Reddy MM, Fred Ramirez W et al (1996) Limestone characterization to model damage from acidic precipitation: effect of pore structure on mass transfer. Environ Sci Technol 30(7):2202–2210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thongsanitgarn P, Wongkeo W, Chaipanich A et al (2014) Heat of hydration of Portland high-calcium fly ash cement incorporating limestone powder: effect of limestone particle size. Constr Build Mater 66(36):410–417

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vajdova V, Zhu W, Chen TMN et al (2010) Micromechanics of brittle faulting and cataclastic flow in Tavel limestone. J Struct Geol 32:1158–1169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walbert C, Eslami J, Beaucour A, Bourges A (2015) Evolution of the mechanical behaviour of limestone subjected to freeze–thaw cycles. Environ Earth Sci 74(7):6339–6351

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xie SY, Shao JF, Xu WY (2011) Influences of chemical degradation on mechanical behaviour of a limestone. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 48(5):741–747

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu ZY (2007) Rock mechanics. China Water Power Press, Beijing, pp 47–50

    Google Scholar 

  • You MQ, Hua AZ (2001) Strength criterion and interrnal frictional coefficient of rock specimen (in Chinese). J Geom 7(1):53–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang W, Qian H, Sun Q et al (2015) Experimental study of the effect of high temperature on primary wave velocity and microstructure of limestone. Environ Earth Sci 74(7):5739–5748

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou CY, Zhu FX (2010) An elasto-plastic damage constitutive model with double yield surfaces for saturated soft rock. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 47(3):385–395

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (Grant No: 2010CB226802) and National Natural Science Foundation-Coal Joint Fund of China (Grant No: 51134018).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China

    Defeng Liu, Changwu Liu & Yuan Jiang

  2. College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China

    Defeng Liu, Changwu Liu, Bingbing Guo & Yuan Jiang

  3. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beifang University of Nationalities, Yinchuan, 750021, China

    Yaming Kang

  4. Department of Safety Engineering, Henan Institute of Engineering, Zhengzhou, 450000, China

    Bingbing Guo

Authors
  1. Defeng Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Changwu Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yaming Kang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Bingbing Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yuan Jiang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Changwu Liu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liu, D., Liu, C., Kang, Y. et al. Mechanical behavior of Benxi Formation limestone under triaxial compression: a new post-peak constitutive model and experimental validation. Bull Eng Geol Environ 77, 1701–1715 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-017-1193-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-017-1193-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation