Papers by Richard Cleminson
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Journal of the History of Sexuality, 2022
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Portuguese Studies
Abstract: This article sets discourse on homosexuality in the early 1920s anarchosyndicalist dail... more Abstract: This article sets discourse on homosexuality in the early 1920s anarchosyndicalist daily A Batalha within the context of the history of the anarchist labour movement, literary and cultural representations of same-sex desire, and contemporary scientific understandings. It highlights the 'campaign' by A Batalha against homosexuality, which was perceived as an expression of biological and cultural degeneration and sets the 'alarm' sounded by the daily within the context of leftist ideas on sexuality in general. The understanding of homosexuality as evidence of such degeneracy led authors in the newspaper to condemn such desire and, while at the same time refusing to advocate its punishment, to argue that a purified society would lead to the reassertion of heterosexual values. Resumo: Este artigo situa o discurso sobre a homossexualidade no periódico anarco-sindicalista A Batalha ao início dos anos 1920 no contexto da história do movimento operário anarquista, das representações literárias e culturais desta expressão de sexualidade e das teorias científicas contemporâneas. Destaca a 'campanha' de A Batalha contra a homossexualidade, percebida como expressão de degeneração biológica e cultural e coloca o 'alarme' da publicação no contexto das ideias esquerdistas sobre a sexualidade em geral. A compreensão da homossexualidade como evidência de tal degeneração levou os autores do periódico a condenar tal prática e, se bem que se recusassem a defender a sua punição, argumentavam que uma sociedade purificada levaria à reafirmação dos valores heterossexuais.
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Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies
This article explores, through a close reading of newspapers and publications connected to the Po... more This article explores, through a close reading of newspapers and publications connected to the Portuguese libertarian movement, anarchist discourses and practices around understandings of “race” in Portugal in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. A contribution is made both to studies of Lusophone anarchism as well as broader labour movement history where analyses of the interconnections between race and colonialism have been sparse. Portuguese anarchist understandings of race are placed within the context of broader ideas on internationalism within the anarchist movement, contemporary theories of the inheritance of racial characteristics and contestations against notions of nationhood and nationalism. The specific context of Portuguese colonialism and the development of anthropology in the country form the backdrop against which anarchist ideas are analysed. The article argues that while anarchism disrupted certain tropes within racial and colonialist discourse, it also reinforced some cultural categories and rigidified understandings of race, culture and social development.
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Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies, 2023
This article explores, through a close reading of newspapers and publications connected to the Po... more This article explores, through a close reading of newspapers and publications connected to the Portuguese libertarian movement, anarchist discourses and practices around understandings of “race” in Portugal in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. A contribution is made both to studies of Lusophone anarchism as well as broader labour movement history where analyses of the interconnections between race and colonialism have been sparse. Portuguese anarchist understandings of race are placed within the context of broader ideas on internationalism within the anarchist movement, contemporary theories of the inheritance of racial characteristics and contestations against notions of nationhood and nationalism. The specific context of Portuguese colonialism and the development of anthropology in the country form the backdrop against which anarchist ideas are analysed. The article argues that while anarchism disrupted certain tropes within racial and colonialist discourse, it also reinforced some cultural categories and rigidified understandings of race, culture and social development.
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Portuguese Studies, 2022
Abstract:
This article sets discourse on homosexuality in the early 1920s anarchosyndicalist d... more Abstract:
This article sets discourse on homosexuality in the early 1920s anarchosyndicalist daily A Batalha within the context of the history of the anarchist labour movement, literary and cultural representations of same-sex desire, and contemporary scientific understandings. It highlights the 'campaign' by A Batalha against homosexuality, which was perceived as an expression of biological and cultural degeneration and sets the 'alarm' sounded by the daily within the context of leftist ideas on sexuality in general. The understanding of homosexuality as evidence of such degeneracy led authors in the newspaper to condemn such desire and, while at the same time refusing to advocate its punishment, to argue that a purified society would lead to the reassertion of heterosexual values.
Resumo:
Este artigo situa o discurso sobre a homossexualidade no periódico anarco-sindicalista A Batalha ao início dos anos 1920 no contexto da história do movimento operário anarquista, das representações literárias e culturais desta expressão de sexualidade e das teorias científicas contemporâneas. Destaca a 'campanha' de A Batalha contra a homossexualidade, percebida como expressão de degeneração biológica e cultural e coloca o 'alarme' da publicação no contexto das ideias esquerdistas sobre a sexualidade em geral. A compreensão da homossexualidade como evidência de tal degeneração levou os autores do periódico a condenar tal prática e, se bem que se recusassem a defender a sua punição, argumentavam que uma sociedade purificada levaria à reafirmação dos valores heterossexuais.
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History Workshop Journal, 2019
This short article evaluates the changing and conflictive discourse and practice around homosexua... more This short article evaluates the changing and conflictive discourse and practice around homosexuality over the twentieth century in Spain and Portugal. The Iberian states were under dictatorship at the time of the Stonewall riots in 1969. Despite the repressive legislation introduced in both countries, it is possible to discern resistance against the law and against a general climate of social opprobrium. Rather than seeing Stonewall as a starting point or an obligatory definitive reference for ‘gay liberation’, the experience of LGBT people in Iberia allows us re-evaluate the history of sexuality against the backdrop of authoritarian regimes, the colonial past and acts of resistance, however small, for a critical history of LGBT life in Europe and beyond.
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European History Quarterly, 2021
This article traces the reception of blood group research in Portuguese physical anthropology in ... more This article traces the reception of blood group research in Portuguese physical anthropology in the first half of the twentieth century and analyses its presence as ‘sero-anthropology’ within the context of the disciplinary and political dynamics of colonial and metropolitan Portugal and against the background of international developments on blood group research. It argues that Portugal, hitherto largely understudied in relation to the broader international picture, was in tune with these developments. The article argues further that Portuguese physical anthropology, particularly research based at the University of Porto, was deeply ingrained with the fear of ‘contamination’ of the ‘race’ by the colonialized ‘other’ and sought to differentiate the Portuguese from the peoples of Africa and the East where Portugal possessed colonies, while it also sought to place the Portuguese within the scale of racial hierarchies of ‘whites’ in Europe. The article elaborates on a number of centra...
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Dynamis, 2017
This article provides the basis for further considerations on the overlap between different expre... more This article provides the basis for further considerations on the overlap between different expressions of science, in particular psychotechnics, biotypology and eugenics, in Iberia. It sets the reception of and interest in these scientific undertakings within the specific context pertaining in both Iberian dictatorships and considers the importance of the culture of the scientific community, the role of religion and the presence of positivism within each. While the actual traffic of knowledge between the two countries was limited, the contrasts and differences in the uptake of these specialisms within the two countries and their proximity or otherwise to other fascist and authoritarian regimes of the 1930s and 1940s are explored. The article concludes that in the Spanish case, although there were greater proximities to certain forms of fascist and Nazi eugenics, it was the commitment to Catholicism and nationalist regeneration that allowed for concessions to environmental improveme...
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Forum. Revista Departamento de Ciencia Política, 2018
Este artículo tiene como punto de partida el debate expuesto por Fernando Álvarez-Uría en la revi... more Este artículo tiene como punto de partida el debate expuesto por Fernando Álvarez-Uría en la revista Papers. Revista de Sociología en 2013 acerca del papel de las mujeres en la lucha política en España. El artículo contrasta la actuación de mujeres cuyo “habitus” se encuentra en el “mundo político” institucionalizado y democrático en España a principios del siglo XX y las mujeres revolucionarias que, utilizando la acción directa, crearon nuevos espacios de reivindicación y otras experiencias vivenciales.
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Anarchist Studies, 2020
This article places a reconsideration of the Spanish anarchist doctor Félix Martí Ibáñez's wo... more This article places a reconsideration of the Spanish anarchist doctor Félix Martí Ibáñez's work on sexual morality and, in particular, homosexuality within the dual historiographical framework of scientific ideas and anarchism's own history of engagement with these subjects. It argues that recent developments in the writing of the history of anarchism have paid far more attention to the articulation of cultural issues within anarchist movements as part of their overall contestation against the 'bourgeois', religious and capitalist world and sets this article within this renewed framework. The thought of Félix Martí Ibáñez is assessed not for its supposed 'scientificity' but for what it tells us about the eclectic nature of Spanish anarchism at the time and for what such thought signifies for today's libertarian movement.
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The Journal of Religious History, Literature and Culture, 2018
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Theory & Psychology
New research on the biological basis of personality and behavioural traits have 'come out'... more New research on the biological basis of personality and behavioural traits have 'come out' from their late capitalist closets. Among these, neuroanatomical and genetic studies of the basis of what has been termed >sexual orientation= have gained increased popularity, thus implying that there is a certain fixed >nature= in the case of male sexual behaviour. Much of this research has been associated with the neuroanatomist Simon LeVay (1991, 1993, 1996), co-founder of the Institute of Gay and Lesbian Education in La Jolla, California, and Dean Hamer (and colleagues, 1993; 1994), head of the gene structure and regulation section of the National Cancer Institute=s department of biochemistry in Bethesda, Maryland. In this field of research, homosexuality is defined as part of a package of sex-transposed traits rather than a collection of sexual acts. This package of >gender-atypical= characteristics, as thoroughly discussed in LeVay=s Queer Science (1996), includes a num...
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East Central Europe, 2011
This article sets out a research agenda for the study of eugenics in Portugal between 1900 and 19... more This article sets out a research agenda for the study of eugenics in Portugal between 1900 and 1950. In the first part, it frames the debate by reference to four broad themes in the articulation of eugenic knowledge: the international historiographical framework; the role of the state in the construction of eugenics; the question of race in respect of the Portuguese colonies, the metropole and Portugaĺs peripheral geographical position in Europe; the structure of the Portuguese scientific community. In the second part of the article, a broad overview of the history of eugenics in Portugal is provided together with the suggestion of strategies for further research.
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Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies, 2015
Abstract This article traces the ways in which the early Franco regime, understood to encapsulate... more Abstract This article traces the ways in which the early Franco regime, understood to encapsulate the years 1936–1951, dealt with what was understood to be one of the hangovers of the previous republican regime: “vice” and “immorality” in society. The study departs from a local and micro historical viewed that analyses the discourse on vice and the attendant program of purification by focusing on two districts of the city of Granada, a locality that fell swiftly to the Nationalist forces in July 1936. It understands the regime's concerns about vice as part of the formula embarked upon for the re-nationalization of Spain and its re-Christianization. By taking a view from the locality, this study contributes to the local/national axis of interpretation and debates in respect of the treatment of issues such as prostitution, immorality, and anti-clericalism, and makes a contribution to analysis of the workings of the regime at the level of everyday life. It also assesses the different strategies employed to limit vice and to purify decadent or oppositional quarters of the city, reflecting on both local and national competition and conflicts between two sets of ideas, National Catholicism and the politics of the Falange, vying for hegemony in the New State. As such, a contribution is made to further critiquing monolithic and top-down understandings of the operations of the Franco regime.
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Bodies, Sex and Desire from the Renaissance to the Present
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Asclepio, 2011
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Psychotherapy and Politics International, 2013
ABSTRACT This article discusses the political potential of contemporary psychotherapy and complem... more ABSTRACT This article discusses the political potential of contemporary psychotherapy and complementary and alternative medicine which have stood, for the most part, outside centralised political power structures. While the focus of the article is primarily historical, it seeks to extract lessons from the past for the context of today; and, in particular, examines the way in which psychotherapy and alternative health movements have sought to construct an alternative to political centralisation and the divide between expert and popular culture in the early twentieth century. To date, very little explicitly comparative or historical work has been done regarding the relationship between contemporary psychotherapy and earlier politicised healthcare movements; and, in this context, the article examines the relevance of some earlier forebears of contemporary psychotherapy to the politics of psychotherapy today. It looks at three different historical scenarios in order to deepen our understanding about the interaction between psychotherapy and political power. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Papers by Richard Cleminson
This article sets discourse on homosexuality in the early 1920s anarchosyndicalist daily A Batalha within the context of the history of the anarchist labour movement, literary and cultural representations of same-sex desire, and contemporary scientific understandings. It highlights the 'campaign' by A Batalha against homosexuality, which was perceived as an expression of biological and cultural degeneration and sets the 'alarm' sounded by the daily within the context of leftist ideas on sexuality in general. The understanding of homosexuality as evidence of such degeneracy led authors in the newspaper to condemn such desire and, while at the same time refusing to advocate its punishment, to argue that a purified society would lead to the reassertion of heterosexual values.
Resumo:
Este artigo situa o discurso sobre a homossexualidade no periódico anarco-sindicalista A Batalha ao início dos anos 1920 no contexto da história do movimento operário anarquista, das representações literárias e culturais desta expressão de sexualidade e das teorias científicas contemporâneas. Destaca a 'campanha' de A Batalha contra a homossexualidade, percebida como expressão de degeneração biológica e cultural e coloca o 'alarme' da publicação no contexto das ideias esquerdistas sobre a sexualidade em geral. A compreensão da homossexualidade como evidência de tal degeneração levou os autores do periódico a condenar tal prática e, se bem que se recusassem a defender a sua punição, argumentavam que uma sociedade purificada levaria à reafirmação dos valores heterossexuais.
This article sets discourse on homosexuality in the early 1920s anarchosyndicalist daily A Batalha within the context of the history of the anarchist labour movement, literary and cultural representations of same-sex desire, and contemporary scientific understandings. It highlights the 'campaign' by A Batalha against homosexuality, which was perceived as an expression of biological and cultural degeneration and sets the 'alarm' sounded by the daily within the context of leftist ideas on sexuality in general. The understanding of homosexuality as evidence of such degeneracy led authors in the newspaper to condemn such desire and, while at the same time refusing to advocate its punishment, to argue that a purified society would lead to the reassertion of heterosexual values.
Resumo:
Este artigo situa o discurso sobre a homossexualidade no periódico anarco-sindicalista A Batalha ao início dos anos 1920 no contexto da história do movimento operário anarquista, das representações literárias e culturais desta expressão de sexualidade e das teorias científicas contemporâneas. Destaca a 'campanha' de A Batalha contra a homossexualidade, percebida como expressão de degeneração biológica e cultural e coloca o 'alarme' da publicação no contexto das ideias esquerdistas sobre a sexualidade em geral. A compreensão da homossexualidade como evidência de tal degeneração levou os autores do periódico a condenar tal prática e, se bem que se recusassem a defender a sua punição, argumentavam que uma sociedade purificada levaria à reafirmação dos valores heterossexuais.
fell swiftly to the Nationalist forces in July 1936. It understands the regime’s concerns about vice as part of the formula embarked upon for the re-nationalization of Spain and its re-Christianization. By taking a view from the locality, this study contributes to the
local/national axis of interpretation and debates in respect of the treatment of issues such as prostitution, immorality, and anti-clericalism, and makes a contribution to analysis of the workings of the regime at the level of everyday life. It also assesses the different strategies employed to limit vice and to purify decadent or oppositional quarters of the city, reflecting on both local and national competition and conflicts between two sets of ideas, National Catholicism and the politics of the Falange, vying for hegemony in the New State. As such, a contribution is made to further critiquing monolithic and topdown understandings of the operations of the Franco regime.
authors: Ana Carmen del Canto Nieto · Richard Cleminson · Ángel Gordo · Antonio Muñoz Sedano