Catalogue of the rondel enclosures and related tells in the first half of the 5th millenium BC in... more Catalogue of the rondel enclosures and related tells in the first half of the 5th millenium BC in Central and South East Europe Since the 1980s, the number of known Middle Neolithic rondel enclosures has increased steadily with new discoveries being reported on an almost annual basis. This introductory paper is followed by a catalogue in which we have compiled information about all known rondels, including a characterisation of their main features, a comprehensive bibliography, illustrations of their plans, and a comprehensive map. As it has two decades since this was last undertaken we hope that our catalogue will serve to fill a considerable information gap. In the first part of this paper a descriptive definition of Middle Neolithic rondel type monuments is proposed on the basis of the observations made during the compilation of the catalogue. This includes summary remarks about selected rondel elements, such as the plan of the ditches, their profile and entrances as well as descriptions of the palisades, significant finds and general topography. The next section deals with the chronology and cultural affiliations of the rondels. Finally, doubtful cases are discussed and the exclusion of incorrectly attributed monuments as well as those which don’t correspond to our definition of the type are justified. The second part of this article focuses on the tell settlements of the first half of the 5th Millennium B. C. in East-Central and Southeast Europe. These were also included, albeit with abbreviated descriptions in the catalogue and mapped together with the rondels. Tells with evidence for enclosing structures are distinguished from tell settlements lacking evidence for enclosures. However due to the fact that almost all comprehensibly investigated tells show signs of enclosing or defensive structures it is assumed that this is the rule for this monument type in general. The map shows a surprisingly clear picture of a mutually exclusive distribution pattern with tells and rondels merging seamlessly in the Carpathian Basin. Particular attention was paid to describing circular ditched and palisaded tells which display a surprisingly high number of features in common with Central European rondels. In a comparative analysis these similarities are discussed, and a preliminary hypothesis concerning the crucial role of the tells in the genesis of the rondel enclosures is set forth.
Catalogue of the rondel enclosures and related tells in the first half of the 5th millenium BC in... more Catalogue of the rondel enclosures and related tells in the first half of the 5th millenium BC in Central and South East Europe Since the 1980s, the number of known Middle Neolithic rondel enclosures has increased steadily with new discoveries being reported on an almost annual basis. This introductory paper is followed by a catalogue in which we have compiled information about all known rondels, including a characterisation of their main features, a comprehensive bibliography, illustrations of their plans, and a comprehensive map. As it has two decades since this was last undertaken we hope that our catalogue will serve to fill a considerable information gap. In the first part of this paper a descriptive definition of Middle Neolithic rondel type monuments is proposed on the basis of the observations made during the compilation of the catalogue. This includes summary remarks about selected rondel elements, such as the plan of the ditches, their profile and entrances as well as descriptions of the palisades, significant finds and general topography. The next section deals with the chronology and cultural affiliations of the rondels. Finally, doubtful cases are discussed and the exclusion of incorrectly attributed monuments as well as those which don’t correspond to our definition of the type are justified. The second part of this article focuses on the tell settlements of the first half of the 5th Millennium B. C. in East-Central and Southeast Europe. These were also included, albeit with abbreviated descriptions in the catalogue and mapped together with the rondels. Tells with evidence for enclosing structures are distinguished from tell settlements lacking evidence for enclosures. However due to the fact that almost all comprehensibly investigated tells show signs of enclosing or defensive structures it is assumed that this is the rule for this monument type in general. The map shows a surprisingly clear picture of a mutually exclusive distribution pattern with tells and rondels merging seamlessly in the Carpathian Basin. Particular attention was paid to describing circular ditched and palisaded tells which display a surprisingly high number of features in common with Central European rondels. In a comparative analysis these similarities are discussed, and a preliminary hypothesis concerning the crucial role of the tells in the genesis of the rondel enclosures is set forth.
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Since the 1980s, the number of known Middle Neolithic rondel enclosures has increased steadily with new discoveries being reported on an almost annual basis. This introductory paper is followed by a catalogue in which we have compiled information about all known rondels, including a characterisation of their main features, a comprehensive bibliography, illustrations of their plans, and a comprehensive map. As it has two decades since this was last undertaken we hope that our catalogue will serve to fill a considerable information gap.
In the first part of this paper a descriptive definition of Middle Neolithic rondel type monuments is proposed on the basis of the observations made during the compilation of the catalogue. This includes summary remarks about selected rondel elements, such as the plan of the ditches, their profile and entrances as well as descriptions of the palisades, significant finds and general topography. The next section deals with the chronology and cultural affiliations of the rondels. Finally, doubtful cases are discussed and the exclusion of incorrectly attributed monuments as well as those which don’t correspond to our definition of the type are justified.
The second part of this article focuses on the tell settlements of the first half of the 5th Millennium B. C. in East-Central and Southeast Europe. These were also included, albeit with abbreviated descriptions in the catalogue and mapped together with the rondels. Tells with evidence for enclosing structures are distinguished from tell settlements lacking evidence for enclosures. However due to the fact that almost all comprehensibly investigated tells show signs of enclosing or defensive structures it is assumed that this is the rule for this monument type in general. The map shows a surprisingly clear picture of a mutually exclusive distribution pattern with tells and rondels merging seamlessly in the Carpathian Basin. Particular attention was paid to describing circular ditched and palisaded tells which display a surprisingly high number of features in common with Central European rondels. In a comparative analysis these similarities are discussed, and a preliminary hypothesis concerning the crucial role of the tells in the genesis of the rondel enclosures is set forth.
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Since the 1980s, the number of known Middle Neolithic rondel enclosures has increased steadily with new discoveries being reported on an almost annual basis. This introductory paper is followed by a catalogue in which we have compiled information about all known rondels, including a characterisation of their main features, a comprehensive bibliography, illustrations of their plans, and a comprehensive map. As it has two decades since this was last undertaken we hope that our catalogue will serve to fill a considerable information gap.
In the first part of this paper a descriptive definition of Middle Neolithic rondel type monuments is proposed on the basis of the observations made during the compilation of the catalogue. This includes summary remarks about selected rondel elements, such as the plan of the ditches, their profile and entrances as well as descriptions of the palisades, significant finds and general topography. The next section deals with the chronology and cultural affiliations of the rondels. Finally, doubtful cases are discussed and the exclusion of incorrectly attributed monuments as well as those which don’t correspond to our definition of the type are justified.
The second part of this article focuses on the tell settlements of the first half of the 5th Millennium B. C. in East-Central and Southeast Europe. These were also included, albeit with abbreviated descriptions in the catalogue and mapped together with the rondels. Tells with evidence for enclosing structures are distinguished from tell settlements lacking evidence for enclosures. However due to the fact that almost all comprehensibly investigated tells show signs of enclosing or defensive structures it is assumed that this is the rule for this monument type in general. The map shows a surprisingly clear picture of a mutually exclusive distribution pattern with tells and rondels merging seamlessly in the Carpathian Basin. Particular attention was paid to describing circular ditched and palisaded tells which display a surprisingly high number of features in common with Central European rondels. In a comparative analysis these similarities are discussed, and a preliminary hypothesis concerning the crucial role of the tells in the genesis of the rondel enclosures is set forth.