Papers by Benito Vilas
Mediterranean Archeology and Archaeometry, 2018
In a previous work based on different oral traditions collected at the beginning of the XX Centur... more In a previous work based on different oral traditions collected at the beginning of the XX Century we verified that inside the cathedral of Saint James different illumination effects take place over the figure of
Saint James located at the main altar, in particular at important dates related with Christianity and the own Saint. However, despite the fact that illumination effects occur and therefore suggest that they were sought and not a coincidence, we should ask how the builders of the cathedral could “create” them during the baroque reform of the cathedral. This is precisely the objective of this paper, to show how they could create this project of illumination or how they readapt a previous tradition that took place in the Romanesque building.
To do that we count with different primary sources such as texts, drawings, ethnographic resources and cross-references. On a more methodological level, this is a study that deals with very different methods from diverse disciplines, such as archaeoastronomy or cultural astronomy, archaeology, architecture and ethnography. It is important to take into account, that the cathedral is an architectural project where the
builders thought and planned a structure suitable for people in which the Christian imaginary had to be present, and therefore this illumination effects would play a very important role. However, such project was
a living organism that evolved through time by the different reforms. Such reforms not only involved changes in the architectural styles but also in the concepts behind such styles. In particular it is important for
our study how the concept and use of light within the temples changed along these centuries and how the light phenomenology was incorporated with a different meaning in the subsequent reforms. Finally, we recreate the possible method that the builders used based on architectural treatises.
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During the excavation of Rego da Murta Dolmen I, a structure belonging to a megalithic cluster ... more During the excavation of Rego da Murta Dolmen I, a structure belonging to a megalithic cluster in central Portugal, a number of small sub-quadrangular quartzite stones were found embedded within a layer below that of the deepest orthostat. In this paper, we report on these findings and highlight three key features of these small stones, namely their location relative to the dolmen’s plan, the distances between them, and their orientations. We suggest the quartzite stones could have been markers used in the planning of this megalithic structure. In addition, we analyse the orientations of the two main structures of the cluster (Dolmen I & Dolmen II), which are reflected by the orientation of the quartzite stones. We tentatively suggest potential landscape and skyscape alignments for their orientations, including three hypotheses for the observed differences in orientation between the two.
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Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, 2018
Several works have highlighted the relevance of 3D modelling techniques for the study of rock art... more Several works have highlighted the relevance of 3D modelling techniques for the study of rock art, especially in case of deteriorated state of preservation. This paper presents a methodological approach to accurate document two Bronze Age rock art panels in Galicia (Spain), using photogrammetry SfM. The main aim is to show the application of digital enhancement techniques which have allowed the accurate depiction of the motifs and the correction of previous calques, focusing on the application of the exaggerated shading as a novel analytical method.
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BCSP Bollettino del Centro Camuno di Studi Preistorici - vol. 42 - 2016
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[GAL] Neste artigo preséntanse os resultados do proxecto de investigación desenrolado no ano 2015... more [GAL] Neste artigo preséntanse os resultados do proxecto de investigación desenrolado no ano 2015, para a revisión e documentación dun motivo concreto da arte rupestre galega, como son os cérvidos. Co obxectivo de realizar o levantamento planimétrico dos diferentes paneis (calco), púxose en práctica unha metodoloxía concretada no uso das últimas tecnoloxías de rexistro en 3D para documentar superficies. O marco territorial do proxecto foi o concello de Campo Lameiro, que, lonxe de ser unha zona escollida ó azar, presenta na actualidade un número elevado de estacións rupestres con este tipo de zoomorfo.
[ENG] Hereafter are presented the results of a research project for the revision of a particular motive from Galician Bronze Age rock art, such as the deer. In order to get a planimetric mapping of the different panels (tracing), a methodological approach centred on the use of the latest 3D technologies for recording and documenting surfaces was used. The territorial framework of the project was the council of Campo Lameiro (Pontevedra), which was selected not through a random process, but because it contains a great number of rock art panels with this type of zoomorphic motifs.
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Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2016
This work aims to present a new methodological approximation to enhance and depict details in 3D ... more This work aims to present a new methodological approximation to enhance and depict details in 3D models, named AsTrend. It is based on the extraction of las points from a tridimensional model, which are processed with the most common LiDAR visualisation techniques. It is being revealed as an accurate method to study the grooves of the carvings in inscriptions or petroglyphs, as it is proposed here.
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Ippolito, A., Ciggola, M. Handbook of Research on Emerging Technologies for Digital Preservation and Information Modeling, 2017
In this chapter a revision of the traditional tracing methods over petroglyphs through the employ... more In this chapter a revision of the traditional tracing methods over petroglyphs through the employment of three dimensional models is proposed. The different techniques suggested here are: Radiance Scaling and Algebraic Point Set Surfaces (APSS). Radiance Scaling is a shader that adjusts reflected light intensities in a way dependent on both surface curvature and material characteristics. While APSS allows the colorization of the vertices of a mesh or point set using the curvature of the underlying surface. These methods applied to 3D models allow a better visualisation, comprehension, and objectification of the open-air rock art carvings, improving the researches over a more reliable database, but also for issues related to management and conservation.
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The Cathedral of Santiago (Spain) is one of the three most sacred sites in Christendom together w... more The Cathedral of Santiago (Spain) is one of the three most sacred sites in Christendom together with Saint Peter in Vatican and Jerusalem, and it is the focal point of a pilgrimage route since the Middle Ages. The present Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela is the result of a long-lasting effort of building and reconstruction with two main break-points, the erection of the Romanesque building in the 12th and 13th centuries and its reform during Baroque times (s. XVII). Built at the site of a previous Roman and later Germanic cemetery, its orientation is fully compatible with the canonical rule for the Middle Ages in Spain and indicates an attempt to follow a given date in the Julian calendar, March 25th. This is one of the three calendar dates that are related to the Apostle according to the Codex Callistinus, a writing describing the pilgrimage to Santiago from the XIIth century, the other two being July 25th and December 30th. In the present essay we investigate how the different dates related to this Saint have been incorporated in the original design of the Cathedral and its transformation through time, either through the orientation or by illumination effects, particularly in the Romanesque and the later Baroque reform.
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[ES] El Lidar aéreo se ha constituido en la última década como una de las herramientas más intere... more [ES] El Lidar aéreo se ha constituido en la última década como una de las herramientas más interesantes para la prospección arqueológica, puesto que permite, entre otras cosas, analizar el terreno con gran detalle, obviando la vegetación. Planteamos un ejemplo de las posibilidades que para el Megalitismo la tecnología Lidar puede proporcionar. Para ello, hemos elegido la necrópolis megalítica del Monte de Santa Mariña (provincia de Lugo, Galicia), que cuenta con una treintena de monumentos catalogados. Para el estudio del terreno se ha procedido a diseñar una metodología de prospección arqueológica basada en datos Lidar que, gracias a diferentes análisis visuales propuestos, han permitido situar los monumentos correctamente e incluso encontrar uno nuevo.
[ENG]
Over the last decade, the aerial Lidar has been constituted as one of the most interesting tools for the
archaeological survey, because it allows, among other things, to analyze the field in detail, specially obviating the vegetation. Thus, we propose an example of the possibilities that Lidar technology could provide in the case of Megalithic culture. Furthermore, we have chosen the megalithic necropolis of Monte de Santa Mariña (Lugo, Galicia), which had some thirty-four monuments officially cataloged. Consequently, before starting the archaeological survey we have planned a methodology based on Lidar data. In fact, thanks to the study of different types of visual analysis proposed by some authors, we were able to identify correctly the whole of all the monuments and even find a new one.
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Férvedes, 8. 2015
No presente traballo realízase un repaso das principais técnicas empregadas polos investigadores ... more No presente traballo realízase un repaso das principais técnicas empregadas polos investigadores para a reprodución dos gravados rupestres galaicos. Os métodos tradicionais de documentación sempre estiveron condicionados –na súa maior parte- pola acción directa sobre o soporte, supondo nalgún caso dano para os petróglifos. Con estes precedentes, cómpre salientar o uso das novas tecnoloxías como a fotogrametría, técnica de reprodución efectiva e non intrusiva nas rochas.
It is done at this work a review of the main techniques used by researchers in order to render Galician open-air rock art. Traditional doc-umentation methods were always conditioned –mostly- by the direct action upon the support causing sometimes some damage to the pet-roglyphs. With these precedents, it is necessary to emphasize the use of new technologies, such as photogrammetry, an effective and un-obstrusive reproduction technique.
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O obxectivo deste estudo é tratar de reconstruír a paisaxe megalítica do Val de Salas, que hoxe s... more O obxectivo deste estudo é tratar de reconstruír a paisaxe megalítica do Val de Salas, que hoxe se atopa debaixo da auga, por mor da construción dun encoro nos anos setenta do século pasado. A elección desta zona reside principalmente nas múltiples referencias histo-riográficas que dan conta da súa riqueza tumular. Mediante o emprego de técnicas fotogramétricas sobre fotografías históricas, púido-se reconstruír este espazo funerario megalítico. Cremos ademais que a metodoloxía proposta pode ser así mesmo un paso cara adiante no estudo de monumentos hoxe desaparecidos ou que están en proceso de desaparición.
The objective of this study is to try to reconstruct the megalithic landscape located at Val do Sala, that nowadays is situated under the water due to the construction of a dam at the seventies from the last century. The choice of this area is due to the several allusions that makes reference to the big amount of tumulus at this area. Through the employment of different photogrammetric techniques over his-torical photographs, it was possible to reconstruct this megalithic landscape. We also think that the methodology proposed might be a new step in the study of lost monuments, or that are beginning to disappear.
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Online papers by Benito Vilas
We present the AsTrend, a new methodology for enhance and depict details of the 3D models. It is ... more We present the AsTrend, a new methodology for enhance and depict details of the 3D models. It is based on the extraction of las points from a tridimensional model, which are processed with the most common lidar techniques.
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Poster Presentations by Benito Vilas
The aim of this paper is to compare the tracing made at the Bronze Age petroglyph of “Barreira” i... more The aim of this paper is to compare the tracing made at the Bronze Age petroglyph of “Barreira” in Verdoejo (Portugal) (Novoa and Costas 2004) with two different and new methodologies based on photogrammetry. This technique is oriented to reduce the different problems of subjectivity that are present in the old systems of registry, and furthermore it allows studying the rock surface without touching it.
These techniques are:
• The Virtual RTI proposed as an alternative to normal RTI method, which is a combination of reflectance transformation techniques with photogrammetry and non-contact digitising. It uses animated virtual domes, leading to a sequence of renderings of the 3D model, processed using the same methods as normal RTIs. The virtual RTI provides an advanced level of interaction with the 3D model and enhanced visualization of the surface topography (Earl, Beale, Martinez and Pagi 2010).
• Radiance Scaling is a shader applied to 3D models, which adjusts reflected light intensities in a way dependent on both surface curvature and material characteristics. As a result, diffuse shading or highlight variations become correlated to surface feature variations, enhancing surface concavities and convexities (Vergne, Pacanowski, Barla, Granier and Schilck 2010).
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There exists so many different methodologies to record the open-air rock art carving. In Galicia ... more There exists so many different methodologies to record the open-air rock art carving. In Galicia researches have used traditionally systems of registry such as night lighting or frottage to try to reproduce the rock art-carving present at the stones, methods that although being very effective are subject to a great subjectivity (Seoane Veiga Yolanda 2005).
We propose photogrammetry as a method and technique that allow us to manipulate the pictures taken at the field to create a 3D model that allow us to study the rock art carving as it has contrasted in other places (Diaz Andreu Margarita, 2013). This technique is oriented to reduce the different problems of subjectivity that are present in the old systems of registry, and furthermore this technique allows studying the rock surface without touching it.
A preliminary advance about the use of photogrammetry over the Galician petroglyphs with the use of Radiance Scaling filter (Granier Xavier et al. 2012) confirms the effective use of this technique. In fact, this technique has allowed us to see different motifs that were practically invisible with precedent methodologies.
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Nowadays computer tools are a fundamental part in the training of an archaeologist, on both perso... more Nowadays computer tools are a fundamental part in the training of an archaeologist, on both personal and academic levels. Indeed, Archaeology has been gradually incorporating the benefits of informatics since the 1960’s. In this sense, Archaeology has adopted a wide range of computer tools into its daily practice at both theoretical-methodological and practical levels. Conceivably, one of the main tools are the Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This multiple tool software allows the archaeologist to not only do some very complex analytics, but also to consider new perspectives in the study of the past that were practically inaccessible before. The same is now happening with LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging). This system provides clear advantages such as the capacity to penetrate vegetation and therefore obtain information of the topographic surface.
The objective is not to explain how this technology works, but rather to provide an example of the possibilities that the case of the Galician Megalithism could have in terms of archaeological prospection. For this reason, we have chosen the megalithic necropolis of Santa Mariña (Province of Lugo, Galicia). This has so far presented a number of thirty burial mounds, some of them with dolmen.
For the topographical surface study, we have applied an archaeological prospection methodology based on LiDAR data, which, with different types of visualization techniques, has enabled us to identify the previously known monuments, and recognise new ones. However, we believe that it is necessary to design a “modus operandi” guide or handbook for the use of LiDAR data so that any archaeologist can use these available data. It is felt that this would lead to a more realistic way to approach the field and anticipate fieldwork.
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Call for papers by Benito Vilas
The study of moundscapes has been a recurrent theme in the Archaeology, due to the fact that moun... more The study of moundscapes has been a recurrent theme in the Archaeology, due to the fact that mounds are one of the most common remains in the World because they were built in different periods and by different societies. They have been traditionally studied from a chronological point of view and in Western Europe this has usually focused on the Neolithic or the Bronze Age periods. Recently, these monuments have been analysed in a wider perspective, based on the idea that their role in the landscape goes beyond their chronology.
The proposed session will bring together specialists from different periods and regions with the aim of discussing, through a variety of case studies and methodological approaches, the analysis and reconstruction of such moundscapes. The role the latest technological advances play in data acquisition, analysis and interpretation will be central to the session as they contribute to get and collate new information about these landscapes. Thus, we will accept papers related to the following topics:
CALL FOR PAPERS
Submit your paper/poster by 15 Feb 2018
- Data acquisition: proposals involving photogrammetry and remote sensing (e.g. LiDAR) techniques will show how to get accurate information as a basis for the development of good practices in research.
- Analysis and Interpretation: computationally-informed landscape archaeology. GIS and Spatial statistics techniques, with presentations on how these monumental landscapes can be statistically modelled to analyse settlement patterns, locational preferences. Case studies on Viewshed analysis or mobility patterns are also welcome, as they will show how geospatial techniques are fundamental to get new knowledge from past societies.
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Doubtless, the expansion of computer research throughout archaeological science had contributed t... more Doubtless, the expansion of computer research throughout archaeological science had contributed to the growth of new different approaches in archaeological research, and one of them had been the representation and study of archaeological sites and objects by their virtual reconstruction (3D). This is particularly clear in rock art studies where 3D modelling had been one of the most important revolution, in which corresponds to documentation methods and evaluation of the rocks. However, there is a clear lack of standards concerning which are the best methods to use or which is the basic workflow to ensure the most accurate reproduction.
The purpose of this session will be to present different case-studies, centred on the application of 3D modelling and post processing techniques in relation to the study of rock art carvings. It seeks for examples where the use of different virtual documentation methods had implied a better understanding and knowledge in rock art panels.
In this sense, the aim of the meeting will be to learn from those heterogeneous experiences, and show how the use of 3D techniques might help to a better documentation in rock art studies, a main step in which it corresponds to interpretation. Four lines of interest are proposed, such as:
- Current methods for rock art recording. From traditional (hand-made) methodologies to the use of New Technologies (Laser scanner, photogrammetry).
- Constructing the mesh. The first (main?) part of the workflow?
- Post processing techniques. Artificial lights, automatic ways to enhance the motifs.
- Going over the 3D model. Generate virtual tracings of rock art panels.
Communications and posters will be welcome. Especially those that deal with new computer approaches to study rock art 3D models. Demonstrations of software or 3D analysis are also welcome in this session, in order to get a more practical meeting rather than a traditional one.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Uploads
Papers by Benito Vilas
Saint James located at the main altar, in particular at important dates related with Christianity and the own Saint. However, despite the fact that illumination effects occur and therefore suggest that they were sought and not a coincidence, we should ask how the builders of the cathedral could “create” them during the baroque reform of the cathedral. This is precisely the objective of this paper, to show how they could create this project of illumination or how they readapt a previous tradition that took place in the Romanesque building.
To do that we count with different primary sources such as texts, drawings, ethnographic resources and cross-references. On a more methodological level, this is a study that deals with very different methods from diverse disciplines, such as archaeoastronomy or cultural astronomy, archaeology, architecture and ethnography. It is important to take into account, that the cathedral is an architectural project where the
builders thought and planned a structure suitable for people in which the Christian imaginary had to be present, and therefore this illumination effects would play a very important role. However, such project was
a living organism that evolved through time by the different reforms. Such reforms not only involved changes in the architectural styles but also in the concepts behind such styles. In particular it is important for
our study how the concept and use of light within the temples changed along these centuries and how the light phenomenology was incorporated with a different meaning in the subsequent reforms. Finally, we recreate the possible method that the builders used based on architectural treatises.
[ENG] Hereafter are presented the results of a research project for the revision of a particular motive from Galician Bronze Age rock art, such as the deer. In order to get a planimetric mapping of the different panels (tracing), a methodological approach centred on the use of the latest 3D technologies for recording and documenting surfaces was used. The territorial framework of the project was the council of Campo Lameiro (Pontevedra), which was selected not through a random process, but because it contains a great number of rock art panels with this type of zoomorphic motifs.
[ENG]
Over the last decade, the aerial Lidar has been constituted as one of the most interesting tools for the
archaeological survey, because it allows, among other things, to analyze the field in detail, specially obviating the vegetation. Thus, we propose an example of the possibilities that Lidar technology could provide in the case of Megalithic culture. Furthermore, we have chosen the megalithic necropolis of Monte de Santa Mariña (Lugo, Galicia), which had some thirty-four monuments officially cataloged. Consequently, before starting the archaeological survey we have planned a methodology based on Lidar data. In fact, thanks to the study of different types of visual analysis proposed by some authors, we were able to identify correctly the whole of all the monuments and even find a new one.
It is done at this work a review of the main techniques used by researchers in order to render Galician open-air rock art. Traditional doc-umentation methods were always conditioned –mostly- by the direct action upon the support causing sometimes some damage to the pet-roglyphs. With these precedents, it is necessary to emphasize the use of new technologies, such as photogrammetry, an effective and un-obstrusive reproduction technique.
The objective of this study is to try to reconstruct the megalithic landscape located at Val do Sala, that nowadays is situated under the water due to the construction of a dam at the seventies from the last century. The choice of this area is due to the several allusions that makes reference to the big amount of tumulus at this area. Through the employment of different photogrammetric techniques over his-torical photographs, it was possible to reconstruct this megalithic landscape. We also think that the methodology proposed might be a new step in the study of lost monuments, or that are beginning to disappear.
Online papers by Benito Vilas
Poster Presentations by Benito Vilas
These techniques are:
• The Virtual RTI proposed as an alternative to normal RTI method, which is a combination of reflectance transformation techniques with photogrammetry and non-contact digitising. It uses animated virtual domes, leading to a sequence of renderings of the 3D model, processed using the same methods as normal RTIs. The virtual RTI provides an advanced level of interaction with the 3D model and enhanced visualization of the surface topography (Earl, Beale, Martinez and Pagi 2010).
• Radiance Scaling is a shader applied to 3D models, which adjusts reflected light intensities in a way dependent on both surface curvature and material characteristics. As a result, diffuse shading or highlight variations become correlated to surface feature variations, enhancing surface concavities and convexities (Vergne, Pacanowski, Barla, Granier and Schilck 2010).
We propose photogrammetry as a method and technique that allow us to manipulate the pictures taken at the field to create a 3D model that allow us to study the rock art carving as it has contrasted in other places (Diaz Andreu Margarita, 2013). This technique is oriented to reduce the different problems of subjectivity that are present in the old systems of registry, and furthermore this technique allows studying the rock surface without touching it.
A preliminary advance about the use of photogrammetry over the Galician petroglyphs with the use of Radiance Scaling filter (Granier Xavier et al. 2012) confirms the effective use of this technique. In fact, this technique has allowed us to see different motifs that were practically invisible with precedent methodologies.
The objective is not to explain how this technology works, but rather to provide an example of the possibilities that the case of the Galician Megalithism could have in terms of archaeological prospection. For this reason, we have chosen the megalithic necropolis of Santa Mariña (Province of Lugo, Galicia). This has so far presented a number of thirty burial mounds, some of them with dolmen.
For the topographical surface study, we have applied an archaeological prospection methodology based on LiDAR data, which, with different types of visualization techniques, has enabled us to identify the previously known monuments, and recognise new ones. However, we believe that it is necessary to design a “modus operandi” guide or handbook for the use of LiDAR data so that any archaeologist can use these available data. It is felt that this would lead to a more realistic way to approach the field and anticipate fieldwork.
Call for papers by Benito Vilas
The proposed session will bring together specialists from different periods and regions with the aim of discussing, through a variety of case studies and methodological approaches, the analysis and reconstruction of such moundscapes. The role the latest technological advances play in data acquisition, analysis and interpretation will be central to the session as they contribute to get and collate new information about these landscapes. Thus, we will accept papers related to the following topics:
CALL FOR PAPERS
Submit your paper/poster by 15 Feb 2018
- Data acquisition: proposals involving photogrammetry and remote sensing (e.g. LiDAR) techniques will show how to get accurate information as a basis for the development of good practices in research.
- Analysis and Interpretation: computationally-informed landscape archaeology. GIS and Spatial statistics techniques, with presentations on how these monumental landscapes can be statistically modelled to analyse settlement patterns, locational preferences. Case studies on Viewshed analysis or mobility patterns are also welcome, as they will show how geospatial techniques are fundamental to get new knowledge from past societies.
The purpose of this session will be to present different case-studies, centred on the application of 3D modelling and post processing techniques in relation to the study of rock art carvings. It seeks for examples where the use of different virtual documentation methods had implied a better understanding and knowledge in rock art panels.
In this sense, the aim of the meeting will be to learn from those heterogeneous experiences, and show how the use of 3D techniques might help to a better documentation in rock art studies, a main step in which it corresponds to interpretation. Four lines of interest are proposed, such as:
- Current methods for rock art recording. From traditional (hand-made) methodologies to the use of New Technologies (Laser scanner, photogrammetry).
- Constructing the mesh. The first (main?) part of the workflow?
- Post processing techniques. Artificial lights, automatic ways to enhance the motifs.
- Going over the 3D model. Generate virtual tracings of rock art panels.
Communications and posters will be welcome. Especially those that deal with new computer approaches to study rock art 3D models. Demonstrations of software or 3D analysis are also welcome in this session, in order to get a more practical meeting rather than a traditional one.
Saint James located at the main altar, in particular at important dates related with Christianity and the own Saint. However, despite the fact that illumination effects occur and therefore suggest that they were sought and not a coincidence, we should ask how the builders of the cathedral could “create” them during the baroque reform of the cathedral. This is precisely the objective of this paper, to show how they could create this project of illumination or how they readapt a previous tradition that took place in the Romanesque building.
To do that we count with different primary sources such as texts, drawings, ethnographic resources and cross-references. On a more methodological level, this is a study that deals with very different methods from diverse disciplines, such as archaeoastronomy or cultural astronomy, archaeology, architecture and ethnography. It is important to take into account, that the cathedral is an architectural project where the
builders thought and planned a structure suitable for people in which the Christian imaginary had to be present, and therefore this illumination effects would play a very important role. However, such project was
a living organism that evolved through time by the different reforms. Such reforms not only involved changes in the architectural styles but also in the concepts behind such styles. In particular it is important for
our study how the concept and use of light within the temples changed along these centuries and how the light phenomenology was incorporated with a different meaning in the subsequent reforms. Finally, we recreate the possible method that the builders used based on architectural treatises.
[ENG] Hereafter are presented the results of a research project for the revision of a particular motive from Galician Bronze Age rock art, such as the deer. In order to get a planimetric mapping of the different panels (tracing), a methodological approach centred on the use of the latest 3D technologies for recording and documenting surfaces was used. The territorial framework of the project was the council of Campo Lameiro (Pontevedra), which was selected not through a random process, but because it contains a great number of rock art panels with this type of zoomorphic motifs.
[ENG]
Over the last decade, the aerial Lidar has been constituted as one of the most interesting tools for the
archaeological survey, because it allows, among other things, to analyze the field in detail, specially obviating the vegetation. Thus, we propose an example of the possibilities that Lidar technology could provide in the case of Megalithic culture. Furthermore, we have chosen the megalithic necropolis of Monte de Santa Mariña (Lugo, Galicia), which had some thirty-four monuments officially cataloged. Consequently, before starting the archaeological survey we have planned a methodology based on Lidar data. In fact, thanks to the study of different types of visual analysis proposed by some authors, we were able to identify correctly the whole of all the monuments and even find a new one.
It is done at this work a review of the main techniques used by researchers in order to render Galician open-air rock art. Traditional doc-umentation methods were always conditioned –mostly- by the direct action upon the support causing sometimes some damage to the pet-roglyphs. With these precedents, it is necessary to emphasize the use of new technologies, such as photogrammetry, an effective and un-obstrusive reproduction technique.
The objective of this study is to try to reconstruct the megalithic landscape located at Val do Sala, that nowadays is situated under the water due to the construction of a dam at the seventies from the last century. The choice of this area is due to the several allusions that makes reference to the big amount of tumulus at this area. Through the employment of different photogrammetric techniques over his-torical photographs, it was possible to reconstruct this megalithic landscape. We also think that the methodology proposed might be a new step in the study of lost monuments, or that are beginning to disappear.
These techniques are:
• The Virtual RTI proposed as an alternative to normal RTI method, which is a combination of reflectance transformation techniques with photogrammetry and non-contact digitising. It uses animated virtual domes, leading to a sequence of renderings of the 3D model, processed using the same methods as normal RTIs. The virtual RTI provides an advanced level of interaction with the 3D model and enhanced visualization of the surface topography (Earl, Beale, Martinez and Pagi 2010).
• Radiance Scaling is a shader applied to 3D models, which adjusts reflected light intensities in a way dependent on both surface curvature and material characteristics. As a result, diffuse shading or highlight variations become correlated to surface feature variations, enhancing surface concavities and convexities (Vergne, Pacanowski, Barla, Granier and Schilck 2010).
We propose photogrammetry as a method and technique that allow us to manipulate the pictures taken at the field to create a 3D model that allow us to study the rock art carving as it has contrasted in other places (Diaz Andreu Margarita, 2013). This technique is oriented to reduce the different problems of subjectivity that are present in the old systems of registry, and furthermore this technique allows studying the rock surface without touching it.
A preliminary advance about the use of photogrammetry over the Galician petroglyphs with the use of Radiance Scaling filter (Granier Xavier et al. 2012) confirms the effective use of this technique. In fact, this technique has allowed us to see different motifs that were practically invisible with precedent methodologies.
The objective is not to explain how this technology works, but rather to provide an example of the possibilities that the case of the Galician Megalithism could have in terms of archaeological prospection. For this reason, we have chosen the megalithic necropolis of Santa Mariña (Province of Lugo, Galicia). This has so far presented a number of thirty burial mounds, some of them with dolmen.
For the topographical surface study, we have applied an archaeological prospection methodology based on LiDAR data, which, with different types of visualization techniques, has enabled us to identify the previously known monuments, and recognise new ones. However, we believe that it is necessary to design a “modus operandi” guide or handbook for the use of LiDAR data so that any archaeologist can use these available data. It is felt that this would lead to a more realistic way to approach the field and anticipate fieldwork.
The proposed session will bring together specialists from different periods and regions with the aim of discussing, through a variety of case studies and methodological approaches, the analysis and reconstruction of such moundscapes. The role the latest technological advances play in data acquisition, analysis and interpretation will be central to the session as they contribute to get and collate new information about these landscapes. Thus, we will accept papers related to the following topics:
CALL FOR PAPERS
Submit your paper/poster by 15 Feb 2018
- Data acquisition: proposals involving photogrammetry and remote sensing (e.g. LiDAR) techniques will show how to get accurate information as a basis for the development of good practices in research.
- Analysis and Interpretation: computationally-informed landscape archaeology. GIS and Spatial statistics techniques, with presentations on how these monumental landscapes can be statistically modelled to analyse settlement patterns, locational preferences. Case studies on Viewshed analysis or mobility patterns are also welcome, as they will show how geospatial techniques are fundamental to get new knowledge from past societies.
The purpose of this session will be to present different case-studies, centred on the application of 3D modelling and post processing techniques in relation to the study of rock art carvings. It seeks for examples where the use of different virtual documentation methods had implied a better understanding and knowledge in rock art panels.
In this sense, the aim of the meeting will be to learn from those heterogeneous experiences, and show how the use of 3D techniques might help to a better documentation in rock art studies, a main step in which it corresponds to interpretation. Four lines of interest are proposed, such as:
- Current methods for rock art recording. From traditional (hand-made) methodologies to the use of New Technologies (Laser scanner, photogrammetry).
- Constructing the mesh. The first (main?) part of the workflow?
- Post processing techniques. Artificial lights, automatic ways to enhance the motifs.
- Going over the 3D model. Generate virtual tracings of rock art panels.
Communications and posters will be welcome. Especially those that deal with new computer approaches to study rock art 3D models. Demonstrations of software or 3D analysis are also welcome in this session, in order to get a more practical meeting rather than a traditional one.
Session 6. Computer tools for depicting shape and details in 3D Archaeological models.
localizado en Cangas do Morrazo (Galicia, noroeste de la península ibérica), que hemos decidido denominar
Forno de Anguieiro debido a su particular historia. A pesar de que este petroglifo fue
descubierto recientemente, su existencia es dilatada en el tiempo. De hecho, este panel con grabados se
constituye como un ejemplo de arte rupestre móvil. Sabemos, gracias a la información proporcionada por
fuentes orales, que estuvo localizado anteriormente en una panadería tradicional como parte de un horno
de leña debido a obras de cantería, para tiempo después volver a ser trasladado a su emplazamiento actual
en una finca rural (Anguieiro). En el presente trabajo analizamos y documentamos la historia de este petroglifo
utilizando entrevistas semiestructuradas con varios informantes orales, junto con el uso de técnicas
3D para documentar arte rupestre utilizando el filtro shader radiance scaling (disponible en el software
Meshlab), el cual permite estudiar los detalles de la roca y resaltar los surcos grabados; con ello proponemos
un calco virtual del petroglifo
The research on this topic has evolved to apply certain filters that enhance the image details and to use visual filters, plugins or shaders which have only been applied most recently, such as the Radiance Scaling. Here we propose a new methodology that improves the results of this shader, allowing a better visualisation of the details in a 3D model.
monuments and two prominent megalithic groups in Galicia. The two singular monuments are the dolmen of Dombate (Baio, Coruña county), perhaps the largest megalithic chamber in Galicia (or at least the most investigated and well-known) that houses an elaborate decorative program with engravings and paintings, and Forno dos Mouros (Bocelo mountains, Coruña county), also housing paintings and belonging to a bigger group aligned along an historical path following the mountain ridge. Both chambers house interesting illumination effects. The group analysis concerns the Barbanza (Coruña county) and Leboreiro, (Ourense county and borderland with Portugal) necropoleis. There, we find that apart from chamber orientation, location and spatial relations of the monuments within the landscape, the monuments incorporate skyscape associations that complemented and dialogued with that of the chamber orientations. Besides, if the particular directions that we find are related to the movements of the sun and/or moon they may indicate the appropriate ritual time for the dead. Of course, skyscape is not the only or the main factor to explain the location of the mounds within the necropolis but are part of a complex system of relations making those monuments part of a cultural landscape. When taking all factors into consideration a complex picture emerges where we can envisage the ways of construction of social time and space in the megalithic period.
El problema que aquí se plantea es cómo la incomunicación que desafortunadamente existe entre Galicia y el Norte de Portugal, puede llevar a que existan problemas reales y cruces de datos a la hora de la investigación, como sucede en la necrópolis megalítica de la Serra do Leboreiro o Laboreiro (en portugués), donde los túmulos se sitúan a ambos lados de la frontera gallega y portuguesa.
Un ejemplo de ello son las orientaciones arqueoastronómicas, pues un mismo monumento puede presentar diversos nombres y mediciones.
VIII Young Researchers in Archaeology Conference. Between Science and Culture: from interdisciplinarity to the transversality of archaeology (21-24 October, Lisbon, 2015).