FDG '24: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, 2024
Utilizing a validated scale to assess player experience (PX) in video games can yield important f... more Utilizing a validated scale to assess player experience (PX) in video games can yield important findings. Nevertheless, insufficient quantitative data analysis expertise among games user research (GUR) self-taught practitioners, poses obstacles to effectively analyzing and interpreting the data obtained from various measurement scales. Hence, in this paper, we present a guided interface based web platform to support data analysis of the Player Experience Inventory (PXI), following a user-centered design (UCD) process, incorporating insights from Games User Research (GUR) specialists. The interface, extending a current platform for PXI data evaluation, aspires to enable data analysis with a high degree of flexibility, offering explanatory support for both, inexperienced and experienced analysts. The findings from user testing sessions indicated that the platform was perceived as user-friendly. However, findings also suggest that more accessible explanations of the statistical approaches are needed to aid in understanding data analysis and interpretation of outcomes. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → HCI design and evaluation methods; • Information systems → Web interfaces.
FDG '24: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, 2024
Utilizing a validated scale to assess player experience (PX) in video games can yield important f... more Utilizing a validated scale to assess player experience (PX) in video games can yield important findings. Nevertheless, insufficient quantitative data analysis expertise among games user research (GUR) self-taught practitioners, poses obstacles to effectively analyzing and interpreting the data obtained from various measurement scales. Hence, in this paper, we present a guided interface based web platform to support data analysis of the Player Experience Inventory (PXI), following a user-centered design (UCD) process, incorporating insights from Games User Research (GUR) specialists. The interface, extending a current platform for PXI data evaluation, aspires to enable data analysis with a high degree of flexibility, offering explanatory support for both, inexperienced and experienced analysts. The findings from user testing sessions indicated that the platform was perceived as user-friendly. However, findings also suggest that more accessible explanations of the statistical approaches are needed to aid in understanding data analysis and interpretation of outcomes. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → HCI design and evaluation methods; • Information systems → Web interfaces.
CHI PLAY Companion '23: Companion Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play, 2023
The input of free-form text is frequently utilized in surveys for gamerelated research. While thi... more The input of free-form text is frequently utilized in surveys for gamerelated research. While this provides flexibility, it also presents the challenge of dirty data, which includes spelling errors, missing series titles, and unofficial yet popular abbreviations inputted by the user. The manual resolution of these anomalies is impractical and resource-intensive. To address this issue, a fuzzing string machinebased game mapping system was designed and evaluated using 1,096 game titles input by users. GMap-R, a real-time autocomplete game title system to aid runtime user entry, was also created and evaluated using 150 game titles provided by 30 participants, each of whom listed their five favorite games twice. With GMap-R, the correct mapping percentage increased to 98.67%. These preliminary evaluations indicate that the proposed strategy can significantly enhance the cleansing and input of game titles' free-form text. In turn, this helps to conserve resources when obtaining unsupervised data through online studies. CCS CONCEPTS • Information systems → Recommender systems.
CHI PLAY Companion '23: Companion Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play, 2023
Short questionnaires, using only a few items for measuring user experience related constructs, ha... more Short questionnaires, using only a few items for measuring user experience related constructs, have been used in a variety of domains. In the field of games, the miniPXI is such a validated short version of the player experience inventory (PXI), containing 11 single items to measure 11 different PX-related constructs. Previous validations of the miniPXI were carried out in an experimental setting with existing, fully finished games. In this study, we conduct a preliminary investigation of the potential of miniPXI to evaluate prototypes during game development. We explore differences in PX across two iterations of nine games prototypes, based on input from 16 participants. Findings suggest that the miniPXI is capable of detecting differences between the two prototype versions. In addition, at the level of individual games, the miniPXI is effective at identifying differences in nearly all PX dimensions. However, we also find limited use for the single enjoyment item, and suggest that including alternative measures such as the Net Promotor Score may be more useful. Overall, this work suggests that the miniPXI has the potential to evaluate different iterations of game prototypes, starting from the earliest stages of game development. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → User studies.
Extended Abstracts of the 2020 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play, 2020
In this paper, we present PXI Bench, an online tool to provide actionable insight into the player... more In this paper, we present PXI Bench, an online tool to provide actionable insight into the player experience, designed by and for games user researchers. Based on the Player Experience Inventory (PXI), it provides detailed information about the baseline theoretical model and supports a layman analysis of PXI questionnaire data. Moreover, it provides an interactive feature to explore benchmark PXI data of existing game evaluations. This helps a GUR expert to explore and compare their own game data to data from a relevant genre or specific game.
Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction
Questionnaires are vital in games user research (GUR) to assess player experience (PX). However, ... more Questionnaires are vital in games user research (GUR) to assess player experience (PX). However, having too many questions in surveys prevents wider uptake among GUR professionals because of games' rapid production cycles. To address this issue, we present the miniPXI---an eleven-item measure of the popular Player Experience Inventory (PXI)---providing single items for each of its eleven constructs. To develop the scale and examine its reliability and validity, we present three studies, conducted with 15 experts and 628 digital game players across continents. In the first survey study (n=366, 15 experts), single items were selected. In a second survey study (n=232), we explored reliability and validity of the single-item scale. Participants completed both full and single-item (SI) variants in three days. In the last study (n=30), we established the validity and sensitivity via an experimental evaluation of two games. The results are nuanced; SI reliability estimates for PXI cons...
FDG '24: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, 2024
Utilizing a validated scale to assess player experience (PX) in video games can yield important f... more Utilizing a validated scale to assess player experience (PX) in video games can yield important findings. Nevertheless, insufficient quantitative data analysis expertise among games user research (GUR) self-taught practitioners, poses obstacles to effectively analyzing and interpreting the data obtained from various measurement scales. Hence, in this paper, we present a guided interface based web platform to support data analysis of the Player Experience Inventory (PXI), following a user-centered design (UCD) process, incorporating insights from Games User Research (GUR) specialists. The interface, extending a current platform for PXI data evaluation, aspires to enable data analysis with a high degree of flexibility, offering explanatory support for both, inexperienced and experienced analysts. The findings from user testing sessions indicated that the platform was perceived as user-friendly. However, findings also suggest that more accessible explanations of the statistical approaches are needed to aid in understanding data analysis and interpretation of outcomes. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → HCI design and evaluation methods; • Information systems → Web interfaces.
FDG '24: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, 2024
Utilizing a validated scale to assess player experience (PX) in video games can yield important f... more Utilizing a validated scale to assess player experience (PX) in video games can yield important findings. Nevertheless, insufficient quantitative data analysis expertise among games user research (GUR) self-taught practitioners, poses obstacles to effectively analyzing and interpreting the data obtained from various measurement scales. Hence, in this paper, we present a guided interface based web platform to support data analysis of the Player Experience Inventory (PXI), following a user-centered design (UCD) process, incorporating insights from Games User Research (GUR) specialists. The interface, extending a current platform for PXI data evaluation, aspires to enable data analysis with a high degree of flexibility, offering explanatory support for both, inexperienced and experienced analysts. The findings from user testing sessions indicated that the platform was perceived as user-friendly. However, findings also suggest that more accessible explanations of the statistical approaches are needed to aid in understanding data analysis and interpretation of outcomes. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → HCI design and evaluation methods; • Information systems → Web interfaces.
CHI PLAY Companion '23: Companion Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play, 2023
The input of free-form text is frequently utilized in surveys for gamerelated research. While thi... more The input of free-form text is frequently utilized in surveys for gamerelated research. While this provides flexibility, it also presents the challenge of dirty data, which includes spelling errors, missing series titles, and unofficial yet popular abbreviations inputted by the user. The manual resolution of these anomalies is impractical and resource-intensive. To address this issue, a fuzzing string machinebased game mapping system was designed and evaluated using 1,096 game titles input by users. GMap-R, a real-time autocomplete game title system to aid runtime user entry, was also created and evaluated using 150 game titles provided by 30 participants, each of whom listed their five favorite games twice. With GMap-R, the correct mapping percentage increased to 98.67%. These preliminary evaluations indicate that the proposed strategy can significantly enhance the cleansing and input of game titles' free-form text. In turn, this helps to conserve resources when obtaining unsupervised data through online studies. CCS CONCEPTS • Information systems → Recommender systems.
CHI PLAY Companion '23: Companion Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play, 2023
Short questionnaires, using only a few items for measuring user experience related constructs, ha... more Short questionnaires, using only a few items for measuring user experience related constructs, have been used in a variety of domains. In the field of games, the miniPXI is such a validated short version of the player experience inventory (PXI), containing 11 single items to measure 11 different PX-related constructs. Previous validations of the miniPXI were carried out in an experimental setting with existing, fully finished games. In this study, we conduct a preliminary investigation of the potential of miniPXI to evaluate prototypes during game development. We explore differences in PX across two iterations of nine games prototypes, based on input from 16 participants. Findings suggest that the miniPXI is capable of detecting differences between the two prototype versions. In addition, at the level of individual games, the miniPXI is effective at identifying differences in nearly all PX dimensions. However, we also find limited use for the single enjoyment item, and suggest that including alternative measures such as the Net Promotor Score may be more useful. Overall, this work suggests that the miniPXI has the potential to evaluate different iterations of game prototypes, starting from the earliest stages of game development. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → User studies.
Extended Abstracts of the 2020 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play, 2020
In this paper, we present PXI Bench, an online tool to provide actionable insight into the player... more In this paper, we present PXI Bench, an online tool to provide actionable insight into the player experience, designed by and for games user researchers. Based on the Player Experience Inventory (PXI), it provides detailed information about the baseline theoretical model and supports a layman analysis of PXI questionnaire data. Moreover, it provides an interactive feature to explore benchmark PXI data of existing game evaluations. This helps a GUR expert to explore and compare their own game data to data from a relevant genre or specific game.
Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction
Questionnaires are vital in games user research (GUR) to assess player experience (PX). However, ... more Questionnaires are vital in games user research (GUR) to assess player experience (PX). However, having too many questions in surveys prevents wider uptake among GUR professionals because of games' rapid production cycles. To address this issue, we present the miniPXI---an eleven-item measure of the popular Player Experience Inventory (PXI)---providing single items for each of its eleven constructs. To develop the scale and examine its reliability and validity, we present three studies, conducted with 15 experts and 628 digital game players across continents. In the first survey study (n=366, 15 experts), single items were selected. In a second survey study (n=232), we explored reliability and validity of the single-item scale. Participants completed both full and single-item (SI) variants in three days. In the last study (n=30), we established the validity and sensitivity via an experimental evaluation of two games. The results are nuanced; SI reliability estimates for PXI cons...
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