PurposeConditional Cash Transfer (CCT) aims to assist expectant mothers in low-income households.... more PurposeConditional Cash Transfer (CCT) aims to assist expectant mothers in low-income households. It might address the insufficient prenatal and postnatal healthcare services in rural areas of low-income nations, including Bangladesh. However, the effectiveness of such intervention is rarely investigated in rural Bangladesh. The study aims to explore the impact of CCT on certain health outcomes of expectant mothers in southwestern rural Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachThe study applied the quasi-experimental Propensity Score Matching method to assess the effectiveness of CCT in health outcomes of expectant mothers. The authors also deployed logistic regression to explore the predictors of three health issues – blood pressure, hemoglobin adequacy and morning sickness.FindingsThe Average Treatment Effect shows that the CCT program significantly improves maternal health by lowering the extent of blood pressure and morning sickness and enhancing the hemoglobin adequacy of the CCT ...
Aim: The study aims to investigate the implication of employment status on individuals’ mental an... more Aim: The study aims to investigate the implication of employment status on individuals’ mental and physical health status in Bangladesh. Method: Administering a semi-structured interview schedule, data were collected from 320 participants applying the multi-stage random sampling technique from the metropolitan area of Khulna city. An unpaired t-test was executed to observe the comparative scenario of mental health and socio-demographic conditions of different health-bearing classes. Also, logistic regression and the OLS model were executed to assess the association between employment status and physical and mental health status. BMI and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 (DASS-21) were applied to measure the physical and mental health status, respectively. Results: Results revealed that employed individuals were more exposed to physical and mental health disorders compared to unemployed individuals. The employed individuals were at higher risk of being unhealthy, and suffering from...
Following the spread of COVID-19, the prolonged lockdown has adversely affected not only the ment... more Following the spread of COVID-19, the prolonged lockdown has adversely affected not only the mental health but also the socioeconomic well-being of people, particularly the underprivileged population, across the world. This study was designed to assess the mental health of middle-income people and its association with the socioeconomic crises that emerged from the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. A semi-structured interview schedule in Bangla was administered to conveniently collect the data from 150 participants based on certain specifications. Findings suggest that COVID-19 status, household debt, and depression were significantly associated with mental stress among middle-income people. Depression, on the other hand, was substantially affected by socio-demographic and socioeconomic status as well as their hygiene and government support during the COVID-19 pandemic. Likewise, an individual’s anxiety was determined by income during the COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine status, personal hygiene, and socio-demographic factors. To reduce the pandemic-induced stress, depression, and anxiety, the government should provide financial assistance through social safety net and create alternative livelihood opportunities using existing resources. Besides, policymakers should implement community awareness programs about the risk of COVID-19 to minimize both risk of infection and mental health stress.
Following the spread of COVID-19, the prolonged lockdown has adversely affected not only the ment... more Following the spread of COVID-19, the prolonged lockdown has adversely affected not only the mental health but also the socioeconomic well-being of people, particularly the underprivileged population, across the world. This study was designed to assess the mental health of middle-income people and its association with the socioeconomic crises that emerged from the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. A semi-structured interview schedule in Bangla was administered to conveniently collect the data from 150 participants based on certain specifications. Findings suggest that COVID-19 status, household debt, and depression were significantly associated with mental stress among middle-income people. Depression, on the other hand, was substantially affected by socio-demographic and socioeconomic status as well as their hygiene and government support during the COVID-19 pandemic. Likewise, an individual’s anxiety was determined by income during the COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine status, personal hygiene, and socio-demographic factors. To reduce the pandemic-induced stress, depression, and anxiety, the government should provide financial assistance through social safety net and create alternative livelihood opportunities using existing resources. Besides, policymakers should implement community awareness programs about the risk of COVID-19 to minimize both risk of infection and mental health stress.
Bangladesh is experiencing heightened incidences of obesity among its urban population. This stud... more Bangladesh is experiencing heightened incidences of obesity among its urban population. This study investigated the relationship between health literacy and body mass index (BMI) among the suburban adult population in the southwestern region of Bangladesh. Data were collected from 196 random participants. Inferential statistics and multinomial logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The BMI was calculated using the World Health Organization standard, and a health literacy index was constructed using the principal component analysis. Results obtained from the relative risk ratio suggested that a higher level of health literacy directly correlates with a reduction of the obesity, overweight, and underweight categories. The health literacy indicators, including healthy behavior (0.38, p<0.01), nutrition knowledge (0.47, p<0.10), and preventive care knowledge (0.47, p<0.05), significantly influenced BMI. Furthermore, years of schooling have a substantial negative eff...
This study seeks to understand the impact of Brexit on immigration as well as on the UK economy. ... more This study seeks to understand the impact of Brexit on immigration as well as on the UK economy. In the first part, immigration has been discussed as the strong background of the Brexit referendum. Immigration induced inconveniences along with the feeling of sovereignty intensified the call for the Brexit referendum. However, the major impact of Brexit (after the referendum) on immigration is the EU immigration trend tends to go down from 2016 to the present. The reason is probably a foretaste of the UK government to harden the immigration system for EU nationals through Brexit. A political uncertainty posed by the Brexit issue also fueled the unsteady situation in wage rate and demotivated the immigrants to stay in the UK or to immigrate there. In the meanwhile, the flow of Non-EU immigrants found its peak by rising to 379,000 in September 2019. The second part upholds that the UK economy is predicted to face a challenge to rejuvenate the economy after Brexit. It is found that the ...
Bangladesh is experiencing heightened incidences of obesity among its urban population. This stud... more Bangladesh is experiencing heightened incidences of obesity among its urban population. This study investigated the relationship between health literacy and body mass index (BMI) among the suburban adult population in the southwestern region of Bangladesh. Data were collected from 196 random participants. Inferential statistics and multinomial logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The BMI was calculated using the World Health Organization standard, and a health literacy index was constructed using the principal component analysis. Results obtained from the relative risk ratio suggested that a higher level of health literacy directly correlates with a reduction of the obesity, overweight, and underweight categories. The health literacy indicators, including healthy behavior (0.38, p<0.01), nutrition knowledge (0.47, p<0.10), and preventive care knowledge (0.47, p<0.05), significantly influenced BMI. Furthermore, years of schooling have a substantial negative effect on the underweight category (0.71, p<0.01). The government should launch health literacy campaigns at all levels of education and promote the campaigns through social and mass media. A longitudinal study on nationally representative samples should be carried out to assess the impact of health literacy campaigns on the overall health and well-being of the Bangladeshi population.
Tourism is increasing at the same pace as the economic development of Bangladesh. The Sixty Dome ... more Tourism is increasing at the same pace as the economic development of Bangladesh. The Sixty Dome Mosque and the Sundarbans are the two world heritage sites that have been the major sources of sightseeing for the last few decades. To identify the economic potentials of these two heritage sites, the study uses travel cost method (TCM) and contingent valuation method (CVM). Along with socioeconomic elements, travelling habit and site-specific facilities also positively determine the extent of travel demand. Meanwhile, consumer surplus retrieved from TCM shows that the two sites can gain annual aggregate benefit worth US$ 193.51 million. In addition, the use-value estimation suggests that the two sites can elicit aggregate tourism benefit worth US$ 0.29 million annually based on the entry fee. Moreover, each of the tourists is willing to pay US$ 5.78 on an average if the site-centric facilities are upgraded in both sites. US$ 3803.44 million of national conservation value prioritises the preservation of the two sites. Therefore, a long-term preservation funding plan should be initiated beforehand.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE, INNOVATION AND EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES, 2020
This study seeks to understand the impact of Brexit on immigration as well as on the UK economy. ... more This study seeks to understand the impact of Brexit on immigration as well as on the UK economy. In the first part, immigration has been discussed as the strong background of the Brexit referendum. Immigration induced inconveniences along with the feeling of sovereignty intensified the call for the Brexit referendum. However, the major impact of Brexit (after the referendum) on immigration is the EU immigration trend tends to go down from 2016 to the present. The reason is probably a foretaste of the UK government to harden the immigration system for EU nationals through Brexit. A political uncertainty posed by the Brexit issue also fueled the unsteady situation in wage rate and demotivated the immigrants to stay in the UK or to immigrate there. In the meanwhile, the flow of Non-EU immigrants found its peak by rising to 379,000 in September 2019. The second part upholds that the UK economy is predicted to face a challenge to rejuvenate the economy after Brexit. It is found that the reduced immigration through Brexit notion may reduce the GDP of the UK by a significant percentage for a long time after Brexit. Moreover, it compresses the size of the labor force in the UK economy. For instance, EU and Non-EU nationals working in the UK increased meagerly since the referendum. The final part analyzes the policy decisions after Brexit and its impact on future immigration. Analyses show that Britain is probably going to attract mainly the high skilled immigrants through introducing a point-based immigration system. As a result, Brexit will be fruitful for the UK in making opportunities for innovation and invention in science, health, and technology by skilled immigrants. However, it will harm the rights of the EU immigrants especially those who are low skilled workers. As the UK is passing the transition period, there is time and scope to customize the settings of legislation through negotiations and policy deployment. Such steps will destine the fate of immigrants from the EU and Non-EU countries in the post Brexit era.
European Economic Integration is the result of vast sources of input where economics discipline p... more European Economic Integration is the result of vast sources of input where economics discipline provided a tremendous stimulation to pave the way of integration. Economic theories and policies proved the necessity, obligations, and challenges and way-out of integration. The book, edited by Amy Verdun and Alfred Tovias along with some researchers, reviewing a vast volume of kinds of literature, showed how economists contributed to the European problem-solving in every stage of integration through intensive research. However, political interference made the path uneven. Moreover, this volume helps us understand the development of European integration and single market debate as a continuous process in research by economists and policymakers. Ten important subfields of this integration are reviewed to analyse challenges and prospects attached to each sub-filed. When was the EU facing a deep economic crisis, why an economic integration was helpful? After integration, what would be the state’s role in decision making regarding their important policy in various fields, e.g., agriculture, pension, trade, fiscal, environmental policy related to the integration? How would the member states manage and cooperate with EU regulations? Did the process of integration harm the states’ sovereignty? The authors sought for the answers through chapter-wise analysis throughout the book by making inter-disciplinary analyses of integration from different angles of economics. To overcome every new crisis and challenge in the integration process, economists' research, political associations, a mismatch between the state's regulation and EU regulation after integration, have been pointed out by the authors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE, INNOVATION AND EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES (ONLINE), 2020
This study seeks to understand the impact of Brexit on immigration as well as on the UK economy. ... more This study seeks to understand the impact of Brexit on immigration as well as on the UK economy. In the first part, immigration has been discussed as the strong background of the Brexit referendum. Immigration induced inconveniences along with the feeling of sovereignty intensified the call for the Brexit referendum. However, the major impact of Brexit (after the referendum) on immigration is the EU immigration trend tends to go down from 2016 to the present. The reason is probably a foretaste of the UK government to harden the immigration system for EU nationals through Brexit. A political uncertainty posed by the Brexit issue also fueled the unsteady situation in wage rate and demotivated the immigrants to stay in the UK or to immigrate there. In the meanwhile, the flow of Non-EU immigrants found its peak by rising to 379,000 in September 2019. The second part upholds that the UK economy is predicted to face a challenge to rejuvenate the economy after Brexit. It is found that the reduced immigration through Brexit notion may reduce the GDP of the UK by a significant percentage for a long time after Brexit. Moreover, it compresses the size of the labor force in the UK economy. For instance, EU and Non-EU nationals working in the UK increased meagerly since the referendum. The final part analyzes the policy decisions after Brexit and its impact on future immigration. Analyses show that Britain is probably going to attract mainly the high skilled immigrants through introducing a point-based immigration system. As a result, Brexit will be fruitful for the UK in making opportunities for innovation and invention in science, health, and technology by skilled immigrants. However, it will harm the rights of the EU immigrants especially those who are low skilled workers. As the UK is passing the transition period, there is time and scope to customize the settings of legislation through negotiations and policy deployment. Such steps will destine the fate of immigrants from the EU and Non-EU countries in the post Brexit era.
PurposeConditional Cash Transfer (CCT) aims to assist expectant mothers in low-income households.... more PurposeConditional Cash Transfer (CCT) aims to assist expectant mothers in low-income households. It might address the insufficient prenatal and postnatal healthcare services in rural areas of low-income nations, including Bangladesh. However, the effectiveness of such intervention is rarely investigated in rural Bangladesh. The study aims to explore the impact of CCT on certain health outcomes of expectant mothers in southwestern rural Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachThe study applied the quasi-experimental Propensity Score Matching method to assess the effectiveness of CCT in health outcomes of expectant mothers. The authors also deployed logistic regression to explore the predictors of three health issues – blood pressure, hemoglobin adequacy and morning sickness.FindingsThe Average Treatment Effect shows that the CCT program significantly improves maternal health by lowering the extent of blood pressure and morning sickness and enhancing the hemoglobin adequacy of the CCT ...
Aim: The study aims to investigate the implication of employment status on individuals’ mental an... more Aim: The study aims to investigate the implication of employment status on individuals’ mental and physical health status in Bangladesh. Method: Administering a semi-structured interview schedule, data were collected from 320 participants applying the multi-stage random sampling technique from the metropolitan area of Khulna city. An unpaired t-test was executed to observe the comparative scenario of mental health and socio-demographic conditions of different health-bearing classes. Also, logistic regression and the OLS model were executed to assess the association between employment status and physical and mental health status. BMI and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 (DASS-21) were applied to measure the physical and mental health status, respectively. Results: Results revealed that employed individuals were more exposed to physical and mental health disorders compared to unemployed individuals. The employed individuals were at higher risk of being unhealthy, and suffering from...
Following the spread of COVID-19, the prolonged lockdown has adversely affected not only the ment... more Following the spread of COVID-19, the prolonged lockdown has adversely affected not only the mental health but also the socioeconomic well-being of people, particularly the underprivileged population, across the world. This study was designed to assess the mental health of middle-income people and its association with the socioeconomic crises that emerged from the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. A semi-structured interview schedule in Bangla was administered to conveniently collect the data from 150 participants based on certain specifications. Findings suggest that COVID-19 status, household debt, and depression were significantly associated with mental stress among middle-income people. Depression, on the other hand, was substantially affected by socio-demographic and socioeconomic status as well as their hygiene and government support during the COVID-19 pandemic. Likewise, an individual’s anxiety was determined by income during the COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine status, personal hygiene, and socio-demographic factors. To reduce the pandemic-induced stress, depression, and anxiety, the government should provide financial assistance through social safety net and create alternative livelihood opportunities using existing resources. Besides, policymakers should implement community awareness programs about the risk of COVID-19 to minimize both risk of infection and mental health stress.
Following the spread of COVID-19, the prolonged lockdown has adversely affected not only the ment... more Following the spread of COVID-19, the prolonged lockdown has adversely affected not only the mental health but also the socioeconomic well-being of people, particularly the underprivileged population, across the world. This study was designed to assess the mental health of middle-income people and its association with the socioeconomic crises that emerged from the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. A semi-structured interview schedule in Bangla was administered to conveniently collect the data from 150 participants based on certain specifications. Findings suggest that COVID-19 status, household debt, and depression were significantly associated with mental stress among middle-income people. Depression, on the other hand, was substantially affected by socio-demographic and socioeconomic status as well as their hygiene and government support during the COVID-19 pandemic. Likewise, an individual’s anxiety was determined by income during the COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine status, personal hygiene, and socio-demographic factors. To reduce the pandemic-induced stress, depression, and anxiety, the government should provide financial assistance through social safety net and create alternative livelihood opportunities using existing resources. Besides, policymakers should implement community awareness programs about the risk of COVID-19 to minimize both risk of infection and mental health stress.
Bangladesh is experiencing heightened incidences of obesity among its urban population. This stud... more Bangladesh is experiencing heightened incidences of obesity among its urban population. This study investigated the relationship between health literacy and body mass index (BMI) among the suburban adult population in the southwestern region of Bangladesh. Data were collected from 196 random participants. Inferential statistics and multinomial logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The BMI was calculated using the World Health Organization standard, and a health literacy index was constructed using the principal component analysis. Results obtained from the relative risk ratio suggested that a higher level of health literacy directly correlates with a reduction of the obesity, overweight, and underweight categories. The health literacy indicators, including healthy behavior (0.38, p<0.01), nutrition knowledge (0.47, p<0.10), and preventive care knowledge (0.47, p<0.05), significantly influenced BMI. Furthermore, years of schooling have a substantial negative eff...
This study seeks to understand the impact of Brexit on immigration as well as on the UK economy. ... more This study seeks to understand the impact of Brexit on immigration as well as on the UK economy. In the first part, immigration has been discussed as the strong background of the Brexit referendum. Immigration induced inconveniences along with the feeling of sovereignty intensified the call for the Brexit referendum. However, the major impact of Brexit (after the referendum) on immigration is the EU immigration trend tends to go down from 2016 to the present. The reason is probably a foretaste of the UK government to harden the immigration system for EU nationals through Brexit. A political uncertainty posed by the Brexit issue also fueled the unsteady situation in wage rate and demotivated the immigrants to stay in the UK or to immigrate there. In the meanwhile, the flow of Non-EU immigrants found its peak by rising to 379,000 in September 2019. The second part upholds that the UK economy is predicted to face a challenge to rejuvenate the economy after Brexit. It is found that the ...
Bangladesh is experiencing heightened incidences of obesity among its urban population. This stud... more Bangladesh is experiencing heightened incidences of obesity among its urban population. This study investigated the relationship between health literacy and body mass index (BMI) among the suburban adult population in the southwestern region of Bangladesh. Data were collected from 196 random participants. Inferential statistics and multinomial logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The BMI was calculated using the World Health Organization standard, and a health literacy index was constructed using the principal component analysis. Results obtained from the relative risk ratio suggested that a higher level of health literacy directly correlates with a reduction of the obesity, overweight, and underweight categories. The health literacy indicators, including healthy behavior (0.38, p<0.01), nutrition knowledge (0.47, p<0.10), and preventive care knowledge (0.47, p<0.05), significantly influenced BMI. Furthermore, years of schooling have a substantial negative effect on the underweight category (0.71, p<0.01). The government should launch health literacy campaigns at all levels of education and promote the campaigns through social and mass media. A longitudinal study on nationally representative samples should be carried out to assess the impact of health literacy campaigns on the overall health and well-being of the Bangladeshi population.
Tourism is increasing at the same pace as the economic development of Bangladesh. The Sixty Dome ... more Tourism is increasing at the same pace as the economic development of Bangladesh. The Sixty Dome Mosque and the Sundarbans are the two world heritage sites that have been the major sources of sightseeing for the last few decades. To identify the economic potentials of these two heritage sites, the study uses travel cost method (TCM) and contingent valuation method (CVM). Along with socioeconomic elements, travelling habit and site-specific facilities also positively determine the extent of travel demand. Meanwhile, consumer surplus retrieved from TCM shows that the two sites can gain annual aggregate benefit worth US$ 193.51 million. In addition, the use-value estimation suggests that the two sites can elicit aggregate tourism benefit worth US$ 0.29 million annually based on the entry fee. Moreover, each of the tourists is willing to pay US$ 5.78 on an average if the site-centric facilities are upgraded in both sites. US$ 3803.44 million of national conservation value prioritises the preservation of the two sites. Therefore, a long-term preservation funding plan should be initiated beforehand.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE, INNOVATION AND EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES, 2020
This study seeks to understand the impact of Brexit on immigration as well as on the UK economy. ... more This study seeks to understand the impact of Brexit on immigration as well as on the UK economy. In the first part, immigration has been discussed as the strong background of the Brexit referendum. Immigration induced inconveniences along with the feeling of sovereignty intensified the call for the Brexit referendum. However, the major impact of Brexit (after the referendum) on immigration is the EU immigration trend tends to go down from 2016 to the present. The reason is probably a foretaste of the UK government to harden the immigration system for EU nationals through Brexit. A political uncertainty posed by the Brexit issue also fueled the unsteady situation in wage rate and demotivated the immigrants to stay in the UK or to immigrate there. In the meanwhile, the flow of Non-EU immigrants found its peak by rising to 379,000 in September 2019. The second part upholds that the UK economy is predicted to face a challenge to rejuvenate the economy after Brexit. It is found that the reduced immigration through Brexit notion may reduce the GDP of the UK by a significant percentage for a long time after Brexit. Moreover, it compresses the size of the labor force in the UK economy. For instance, EU and Non-EU nationals working in the UK increased meagerly since the referendum. The final part analyzes the policy decisions after Brexit and its impact on future immigration. Analyses show that Britain is probably going to attract mainly the high skilled immigrants through introducing a point-based immigration system. As a result, Brexit will be fruitful for the UK in making opportunities for innovation and invention in science, health, and technology by skilled immigrants. However, it will harm the rights of the EU immigrants especially those who are low skilled workers. As the UK is passing the transition period, there is time and scope to customize the settings of legislation through negotiations and policy deployment. Such steps will destine the fate of immigrants from the EU and Non-EU countries in the post Brexit era.
European Economic Integration is the result of vast sources of input where economics discipline p... more European Economic Integration is the result of vast sources of input where economics discipline provided a tremendous stimulation to pave the way of integration. Economic theories and policies proved the necessity, obligations, and challenges and way-out of integration. The book, edited by Amy Verdun and Alfred Tovias along with some researchers, reviewing a vast volume of kinds of literature, showed how economists contributed to the European problem-solving in every stage of integration through intensive research. However, political interference made the path uneven. Moreover, this volume helps us understand the development of European integration and single market debate as a continuous process in research by economists and policymakers. Ten important subfields of this integration are reviewed to analyse challenges and prospects attached to each sub-filed. When was the EU facing a deep economic crisis, why an economic integration was helpful? After integration, what would be the state’s role in decision making regarding their important policy in various fields, e.g., agriculture, pension, trade, fiscal, environmental policy related to the integration? How would the member states manage and cooperate with EU regulations? Did the process of integration harm the states’ sovereignty? The authors sought for the answers through chapter-wise analysis throughout the book by making inter-disciplinary analyses of integration from different angles of economics. To overcome every new crisis and challenge in the integration process, economists' research, political associations, a mismatch between the state's regulation and EU regulation after integration, have been pointed out by the authors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE, INNOVATION AND EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES (ONLINE), 2020
This study seeks to understand the impact of Brexit on immigration as well as on the UK economy. ... more This study seeks to understand the impact of Brexit on immigration as well as on the UK economy. In the first part, immigration has been discussed as the strong background of the Brexit referendum. Immigration induced inconveniences along with the feeling of sovereignty intensified the call for the Brexit referendum. However, the major impact of Brexit (after the referendum) on immigration is the EU immigration trend tends to go down from 2016 to the present. The reason is probably a foretaste of the UK government to harden the immigration system for EU nationals through Brexit. A political uncertainty posed by the Brexit issue also fueled the unsteady situation in wage rate and demotivated the immigrants to stay in the UK or to immigrate there. In the meanwhile, the flow of Non-EU immigrants found its peak by rising to 379,000 in September 2019. The second part upholds that the UK economy is predicted to face a challenge to rejuvenate the economy after Brexit. It is found that the reduced immigration through Brexit notion may reduce the GDP of the UK by a significant percentage for a long time after Brexit. Moreover, it compresses the size of the labor force in the UK economy. For instance, EU and Non-EU nationals working in the UK increased meagerly since the referendum. The final part analyzes the policy decisions after Brexit and its impact on future immigration. Analyses show that Britain is probably going to attract mainly the high skilled immigrants through introducing a point-based immigration system. As a result, Brexit will be fruitful for the UK in making opportunities for innovation and invention in science, health, and technology by skilled immigrants. However, it will harm the rights of the EU immigrants especially those who are low skilled workers. As the UK is passing the transition period, there is time and scope to customize the settings of legislation through negotiations and policy deployment. Such steps will destine the fate of immigrants from the EU and Non-EU countries in the post Brexit era.
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