sadia baig

Background:Phaseolus vulgaris commonly known as kidney bean has been studied previously for pharmacological activities like antidiabetic, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antibacterial properties. Various extracts of the seeds have been researched except fixed oils. Objective: Therefore objective of the present study is to investigate the behavioural activity of fixed oil extracted from Phaseolus vulgaris seeds. Methodology: Hole board, light and dark , stationary rod and open field tests were used for behavioral evaluation. Four groups were made with seven mice in each :  (1) Control = Normal saline 2ml/kg (2) Phaseolus vulgaris fixed oil = PVFO 2ml/kg (3)  PVFO 4ml/kg (4) Diazepam (1mg/kg) as standard. All treatments were given orally, 30 minutes prior to the performance of tests. In hole board test PVFO 4ml/kg decreased the number of head poking (p≤0.01). Results:In light and dark test PVFO in both doses decreased the time spent in light compartment (p≤0....

Background: In clinical practice, Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is standard of care for patients of gastrointestinal tract disorders. TPN therapy is associated with a number of adverse effects like hepatobiliary dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress. Different vegetable oils are used by every individual daily in routine life. Objective: This study assessed the magnitude of TPN-associated adverse effects in animals fed on different vegetable oils. Methods: Healthy adult rabbits of local strain were divided into 5 groups (n= 8). The study was divided into 2 phases. Phase I: oil feeding; the first set of rabbits served as control and fed on a normal rabbit diet. Four sets of rabbits were treated for 16 weeks with 1 ml/kg/day of single time heated olive (STH-OO), canola (STH-CO), sunflower oils (STH-SO) or a mixture of these oils (STH-MVO). In phase II: TPN was given to each group, including the control group, for 2 weeks. Before and after TPN therapy, body and liver weight...

Phaseolus vulgaris Linn commonly known as red kidney bean, it is enriched in protein, carbohydrates and dietary fibres. Beans have nutritional and health benefits and also possess antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic, antioxidant and anticancer activity due to presence of bio-active chemical constituents. The following study was carried out to evaluate the anti-depressant activity of Phaseolus vulgaris fixed oil (PVFO) using forced swim test and tail suspension test in mice. In this study animals assigned into four groups (n=7). Group I: Control normal saline (2 mL/Kg), Group II: PVFO I (2 mL/Kg), Group III: PVFO II (4 mL/Kg) and Group IV: standard amitriptyline (10 mg/Kg). The results were significant and indicated the possible anti-depressant role of Phaseolus vulgaris fixed oil.

Substance P (SP) is the most widely distributed neuropeptide in central nervous system (CNS) where it participates in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes including stress and anxiety related behaviors. In line with this notion, brain areas that are thought to be involved in anxiety regulation contains SP and its specific NK1 receptors. SP concentration in different brain regions alters with the exposure of stressful stimulus and affected NK1 receptor binding is observed. SP is released in response to a stressor, which produces anxiogenic effects via activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, resulting in the liberation of cortisol. Moreover, SP is also involved in the activation of the sympathetic nervous system via stimulation of locus coeruleus (LC). This sympathetic surge initiates cortisol discharge by activation of HPA axis, representing the indirect anxiogenic effect of SP. Besides the aforementioned regions, SP also has an impact on other brain regions known to be involved in stress and anxiety mechanisms, including amygdala, lateral septum (LS), periaqueductal gray (PAG), ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH), and bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST). Thus, SP acts as an important neuromodulator in various brain regions in stress and anxiety response. Consistent with the above statement, SP makes a robust link in the psychopathology of anxiety disorders. As SP concentration is found elevated in stressed conditions, several studies have reported that the pharmacological antagonism or genetic depletion of NK-1 receptors results in the anxiolytic response making them a suitable therapeutic target for the treatment of stress and anxiety related disorders.

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and diuretic activities of the methanol extract of two varieties of Cicer arietinum viz black or Desi and white or Kabuli were tested in the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg. For analgesic effect of the extracts, acetic acid induced writhing, tail immersion and hot plate tests were employed in mice. The anti-inflammatory activity was carried out by carrageenan induced inflammation in rats, whereas the diuretic action was determined using metabolic cages for rats. Animals were divided into six groups (n=7): (1) Control (2) Standard (3) MECAB 200 (4) MECAB 400 (5) MECAW 200 (6) MECAW 400. All extracts and standard drugs were administered orally. Acute oral toxicity of the extracts was also checked in mice up to 2000mg/kg dose, which showed a favorable safety. Significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects were observed. The results of diuretic activity were significant at 12th and 24th hrs. Therefore, it is concluded that the methanol extracts of the seeds ...

Macrotyloma uniflorum commonly known as horse gram or kulthi bean is grown as a pulse for livestock and human consumption. The beans contain about 1.3% fat, 18% protein, 15% carbohydrate along with vitamins and minerals. In traditional medicine it is used as antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, antihypertensive and diuretic. Other important medicinal uses include treatment of renal stones, obesity, piles, oedema and fever. The present study evaluated analgesic (by acetic acid induced writhing, hot plate and tail flick tests in mice) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan induced paw edema in rats) activities of Macrotyloma uniflorum fixed oil (MUFO). Four groups were included in study: Group-I: Normal Saline Control (2ml/kg), Group-II: MUFO (2ml/kg), Group-III: MUFO (4ml/kg), and Group-IV: Standard Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA 300mg/kg). All results were significant however delayed onset of action was observed in tail flick and paw edema tests. Acute oral toxicity of the oil was also checked i...

A Cross-sectional study was carried out to compare the Progression of Chronic Periodontitis in Diabetic and Non- diabetic subjects. The study comprised of two groups of subjects having diabetics and non-diabetics respectively. The results showed a higher progression of Periodontitis in diabetic subjects with more pocket depth recession and loss of bone as compared to a non-diabetic subjects.

This is the initial part of study in which the effects of two oral hypoglycemic drugs metformin and pioglitazone were studied on lipid profile of rabbits. White rabbits of both sexes were equally divided in to three groups each comprising of seven animals. Control group was given distilled water 2m1/kg, animals of group II were given metformin in the dose of 22mg/kg and animals of group III received pioglitazone in the dose of 0.5mg/kg. Serum concentration of cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglycerides (TGs), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were measured after 8 week of oral dosing. Results shows that after 8 weeks animals received metformin did not reveal any significant change in lipid profile, but animals received pioglitazone showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in lipid profile, the decrease in cholesterol, LDL, VLDL and triglycerides is favorable however decrease in HDL is troublesome and warrant further investigations.

A Cross-sectional study was carried out to compare the Progression of Chronic Periodontitis in Diabetic and Non- diabetic subjects. The study comprised of two groups of subjects having diabetics and non-diabetics respectively. The results showed a higher progression of Periodontitis in diabetic subjects with more pocket depth recession and loss of bone as compared to a non-diabetic subjects.

Increased risk of coronary artery disease in diabetic persons is associated with increased level of lipoproteins. Usually, such risks are reverted with glycemic control by antidiabetic medicines in Type I diabetes millitus. However, in Type II diabetes mellitus lipid values can be improved using antidiabetics but still the risk of coronary artery disease remains. The initial approach for reducing lipid contents in diabetic patients should include glycemic control, diet, weight loss, and exercise. But if it fails then lipid-lowering agents like fibrate and HMG CoA reductase (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitors should work effectively. In the present study results of atorvastatin compared with biguanides proved atorvastatin as a more effective lipid-lowering agent along with antidiabetic activity so it can effectively help in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).