Synapsida

Synapsida; Kalamangsa: Pennsylvanian–Holosen, 312–0 Ma PraЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Klasifikasi ngèlmiah
Karajan:	Animalia
Filum:	Chordata
Superklas:	Tetrapoda
Klad:	Reptiliomorpha
Klad:	Amniota
Klad:	Synapsida ; Osborn, 1903
Subkelompok
	†Diadectomorpha?; †Echinerpeton; †Protoclepsydrops?; †Caseasauria †Caseidae; †Eothyrididae; †Phreatophasma?; ; Eupelycosauria †Ophiacodontidae; †Varanopidae?; Haptodontiformes †Edaphosauridae; Sphenacodontia; ; ;
Sinonim
	Theropsida Seeley, 1895

Synapsida ('fused arch'), utawa theropsida ('rai kéwan'), kelas sato kéwan sing kalebu mamalia lan saliyané amniota urip liyané.^[4] Anggota non-mamalia karan reptil mèmper mamalia sajeroning sistematika klasik,^[5]^[6] nanging karan "mamalia batang" utawa "proto-mammalia" sajeroning terminologi cladistic.

Taksonomi

Classification

Series Amniota
- CLASS SYNAPSIDA *
  - Order Pelycosauria *
    - Suborder Caseasauria
    - Suborder Eupelycosauria *
      - Family Varanopseidae
      - Family Ophiacodontidae
      - Family Edaphosauridae
      - Family Sphenacodontidae *
  - Order Therapsida *
    - Suborder Biarmosuchia *
    - Suborder Dinocephalia
    - Suborder Anomodontia
    - Suborder Gorgonopsia
    - Suborder Therocephalia
    - Suborder Cynodontia *
      - Family Probainognathidae
      - Superfamily Chiniquodontoidea *
- CLASS MAMMALIA

Filogeni

Synapsida

	Eotitanosuchus

Eutherapsida

Neotherapsida

Eutheriodontia

	Dvinia

	Procynosuchidae

	Trithelodontidae

	Chiniquodontidae

Prozostrodon

Mammaliaformes

	Mammalia

Cathetan

↑ David S. Berman (2013). "Diadectomorphs, amniotes or not?". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 60: 22–35.
↑ Jozef Klembara; Miroslav Hain; Marcello Ruta; David S. Berman; Stephanie E. Pierce; Amy C. Henrici (2019). "Inner ear morphology of diadectomorphs and seymouriamorphs (Tetrapoda) uncovered by high‐resolution x‐ray microcomputed tomography, and the origin of the amniote crown group". Palaeontology. 63: 131–154. doi:10.1111/pala.12448.
↑ Seeley, Harry Govier (1895). "Researches on the Structure, Organisation, and Classification of the Fossil Reptilia. Part X. On the Complete Skeleton of an Anomodont Reptile (Aristodesmus rutimeyeri, Wiedersheim), from the Bunter Sandstone of Reihen, near Basel, Giving New Evidence of the Relation of the Anomodontia to the Monotremata". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 59: 167–169. doi:10.1098/rspl.1895.0070.
↑ Laurin and Reisz 2007.
↑ Carroll 1988: 397.
↑ Benton 2005: 122.

Réferènsi

Benton, Michael J. (2005). Vertebrate Paleontology, 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd. ISBN 0-632-05637-1.
Bramble, D. M.; Jenkins, F. A. (1993). "Mammalian locomotor-respiratory integration: Implications for diaphragmatic and pulmonary design". Science. 262 (5131): 235–240. doi:10.1126/science.8211141.
Carroll, Robert L. (1988). Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. New York: W.H. Freeman & Co. ISBN 0-7167-1822-7.
Hopson, James A. (1987). "The Mammal-Like Reptiles: A Study of Transitional Fossils". The American Biology Teacher. 49 (1): 16–26.
Hoyt, Donald F. (1997). Synapsid Reptiles Archived 2009-05-20 at the Wayback Machine.. Zoo 138 Vertebrate Zoology Home Page.
Lambert, David (2001). Dinosaur Encyclopedia. ISBN 0-7894-7935-4.
Laurin, Michel, and Robert R. Reisz (2007). Synapsida: Mammals and their extinct relatives Archived 2008-12-11 at the Wayback Machine.. Version 6 April 2007. The Tree of Life Web Project.

Wacan

Colbert, E. H. (1969). Evolution of the Vertebrates (édhisi ka-2). New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc. ISBN 0471164666.

Uga delengen

Pranala njaba

Synapsida - Pelycosauria-at Palaeos
Transitional Vertebrate Fossils-includes description of important transitional genera in the evolutionary sequence linking primitive synapsids to mammals

[Berman-1] David S. Berman (2013). "Diadectomorphs, amniotes or not?". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 60: 22–35.

[Klembara-2] Jozef Klembara; Miroslav Hain; Marcello Ruta; David S. Berman; Stephanie E. Pierce; Amy C. Henrici (2019). "Inner ear morphology of diadectomorphs and seymouriamorphs (Tetrapoda) uncovered by high‐resolution x‐ray microcomputed tomography, and the origin of the amniote crown group". Palaeontology. 63: 131–154. doi:10.1111/pala.12448.

[3] Seeley, Harry Govier (1895). "Researches on the Structure, Organisation, and Classification of the Fossil Reptilia. Part X. On the Complete Skeleton of an Anomodont Reptile (Aristodesmus rutimeyeri, Wiedersheim), from the Bunter Sandstone of Reihen, near Basel, Giving New Evidence of the Relation of the Anomodontia to the Monotremata". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 59: 167–169. doi:10.1098/rspl.1895.0070.

[4] Laurin and Reisz 2007.

[Carroll397-5] Carroll 1988: 397.

[Benton122-6] Benton 2005: 122.

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