Papers by Najib ABOU KARAKI
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The Dead Sea transform (DST) extends 1000 km from the Sinai triple junction in the south to the T... more The Dead Sea transform (DST) extends 1000 km from the Sinai triple junction in the south to the Tauros- Zagros collision zone in Turkey in the north. In Jordan, the DST consists of three morphotectonic elements; the Wadi Araba in the south, the Dead Sea basin in the middle and the Jordan Valley in the north. The Dead Sea is a pull- apart basin that formed due to the overlap of the Wadi Araba fault (WAF) and the Jordan Valley fault (JVF). The movement along the transform is active as indicated from both the geomorphological features and from the seismic activity. The DST is a major left lateral strike slip fault that accommodates the relative motion of the Arabian plate to the east and the Sinai plate to the west, where 107 km of cumulative left lateral offset has occurred over the last 18 million years. Based on this offset, the accumulated slip rate is estimated to be 5-10 mm/yr. Based on aerial photographic analysis of the DST and earthquake catalogue information, it is suggested ...
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The recurrence of large and destructive earthquakes along major fault systems is key to understan... more The recurrence of large and destructive earthquakes along major fault systems is key to understanding their driving mechanism and to infer future behaviour. For the Jordan Valley segment (JVF) of the~ 1000-km-long Dead Sea Fault, we provide evidence of ...
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Abou Karaki N.,1995, Testing routine locations of the Jordan Transform earthquakes. Mu’tah Lil-B... more Abou Karaki N.,1995, Testing routine locations of the Jordan Transform earthquakes. Mu’tah Lil-Buhooth Wa Al-Dirasat,Vol.10,No.2, 9-26, (in Arabic, English abstract).
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The adjacent areas to the Jordan Dead Sea Transform Fault System (JDT), which forms the northwest... more The adjacent areas to the Jordan Dead Sea Transform Fault System (JDT), which forms the northwestern boundary between the Arabian plate and the African plate, are exposed to seismic hazard. The successful evaluation of this hazard in such a seismic prone area requires the availability of reasonably accurate seismicity data. This availability is improving with time due to the generalization of efficient local seismic monitoring networks in the area. However, due to the very nature of the temporal distribution of earthquakes, the evaluations of seismic hazard can not only depend on the studies of recent instrumental seismicity. It must also rely to a reasonable extent upon the whole spectrum of seismicity data including Historical, Archaeo, and Paleoseismicity.
The cumulative seismic moment of destructive earthquakes, taking place on a plate boundary (mainly corresponding to magnitudes around or above 6), during thousands to tens of thousands of years, is becoming one of the useful tools, if properly evaluated and used, to estimate the rate of motion on the plate boundary, a parameter which can give a good idea about the potential seismic hazard in the boundary’s adjacent regions.
In this paper we focus on the robustness of the empirical relation-ships which were used to evaluate the magnitudes of earthquakes in the JDT area. It is found that some of these relation-ships yield big differences in the evaluated magnitudes and the resulting cumulative seismic moment. To give a detailed example of the lack of robustness and internal coherency in some of these commonly used empirical relation-ships in the area, the calculated magnitudes of the Dead Sea earthquake of Dec., 18 1956 were analyzed. Results concerning additional 36 of the region’s earthquakes are also presented. Consequently, the paper shows that the rate of motion on the JDT as calculated by Brunes method, which was found to be far below the rate derived from geological, neotectonic or geomorphologic considerations, is most probably an artifact due to a general tendency to underestimate the individual magnitudes par some authors. In particular the rather popular (but not yet proven) hypotheses of a large proportion of aseismic slip (89%) in Wadi Araba may be, at least partly due to a substantial underestimation of the cumulative seismic moment in the area in the first place.
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The Gulf of Aqaba earthquake activity of 1995: Geodynamic context, analysis of the locations of t... more The Gulf of Aqaba earthquake activity of 1995: Geodynamic context, analysis of the locations of the main event (Mw=7.2)
Abstract
The Gulf of Aqaba forms the southern part of the Jordan Dead Sea Transform Fault System (JDT). Hence the gulf is part of the transform plate boundary connecting the active centers of sea floor spreading in the Red Sea zone in the south to the Taurus-Zagros zone of plate convergence in the North.
This particular part of the transform passed from a clear state of seismic quiescence for the last few centuries, (since 1588 AD at least), and from the status of the least seismically active segment of the transform during these centuries to the most active zone since 1983, when it entered into a period of increased activity marked by a number of swarms culminating with a 7.2 Mw earthquake on the 22th of November 1995.
In this work the seismotectonic context of the zone is examined including analyses of the Paleo, historical and instrumental seismicity components. Special emphasis is put on the location of that earthquake, the calculated epicenters by local and international agencies gave dispersed results extending all over the Gulf. We relocated the earthquake carefully by combining data from the 4 local seismicity monitoring agencies surrounding the gulf, arrival times from an optimally distributed set of 14 local seismological stations were used. Full details of the data and the obtained solution are given and discussed.
The significance of the various calculated fault plane solutions for the Gulf of Aqaba earthquakes of February, 3 1983, August, 3 1993 and November, 22 1995 is examined and proposed to indicate the complexity of the tectonic phenomena at the local scale in the different parts of Gulf of Aqaba.
Figures and tables are designed to be easily understood for the non-Arabic speaking readers.
Key words :- Focal mechanism, Gulf of Aqaba, Jordan Dead Sea Transform, Relocation, Swarm.
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Abou Karaki N., 2001, The Gulf of Aqaba earthquake activity of 1995: Geodynamic context, analysis of the locations of the main event (Mw=7.2). Dirasat .Vol.28, No.1, Feb 2001.pp 115-132.
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Abbreviations: JDST = Jordan Dead Sea Transform SPOT = Système Probatoire d'Observation de la Ter... more Abbreviations: JDST = Jordan Dead Sea Transform SPOT = Système Probatoire d'Observation de la Terre UTM = Universal Transverse Mercator WGS = World Geodesic System 1 Abstract The Dead Sea is the terminal lake of a drainage area almost equivalent to the size of Switzerland. This enclosed basin appears to be very suitable for the study of the impacts of human activity as well as global changes on the dynamic of natural equilibrium. The present-day landscape of the Dead Sea is the result of complex interactions. Its interpretation enables us to shed light on the geological processes at work for millennia and the human-induced ones prevailing for the last four decades. Since the 1960s, irrigated agricultural and industrial activities were in continuous development almost everywhere within the drainage basin. Accordingly, a new hydrological disequilibrium has been developing and sinkholes, landslides and subsidence hazards have been added to the recurring threats of earthquakes and related phenomena such as soil liquefaction. Over the last few years, tourist resorts have been spreading along parts of the Dead Sea shore. In this paper, the geological hazards encountered along the 80 kilometres of the Jordanian Dead Sea coast are located, described and explained whenever possible.
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Http Www Theses Fr, 1987
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Papers by Najib ABOU KARAKI
The cumulative seismic moment of destructive earthquakes, taking place on a plate boundary (mainly corresponding to magnitudes around or above 6), during thousands to tens of thousands of years, is becoming one of the useful tools, if properly evaluated and used, to estimate the rate of motion on the plate boundary, a parameter which can give a good idea about the potential seismic hazard in the boundary’s adjacent regions.
In this paper we focus on the robustness of the empirical relation-ships which were used to evaluate the magnitudes of earthquakes in the JDT area. It is found that some of these relation-ships yield big differences in the evaluated magnitudes and the resulting cumulative seismic moment. To give a detailed example of the lack of robustness and internal coherency in some of these commonly used empirical relation-ships in the area, the calculated magnitudes of the Dead Sea earthquake of Dec., 18 1956 were analyzed. Results concerning additional 36 of the region’s earthquakes are also presented. Consequently, the paper shows that the rate of motion on the JDT as calculated by Brunes method, which was found to be far below the rate derived from geological, neotectonic or geomorphologic considerations, is most probably an artifact due to a general tendency to underestimate the individual magnitudes par some authors. In particular the rather popular (but not yet proven) hypotheses of a large proportion of aseismic slip (89%) in Wadi Araba may be, at least partly due to a substantial underestimation of the cumulative seismic moment in the area in the first place.
Abstract
The Gulf of Aqaba forms the southern part of the Jordan Dead Sea Transform Fault System (JDT). Hence the gulf is part of the transform plate boundary connecting the active centers of sea floor spreading in the Red Sea zone in the south to the Taurus-Zagros zone of plate convergence in the North.
This particular part of the transform passed from a clear state of seismic quiescence for the last few centuries, (since 1588 AD at least), and from the status of the least seismically active segment of the transform during these centuries to the most active zone since 1983, when it entered into a period of increased activity marked by a number of swarms culminating with a 7.2 Mw earthquake on the 22th of November 1995.
In this work the seismotectonic context of the zone is examined including analyses of the Paleo, historical and instrumental seismicity components. Special emphasis is put on the location of that earthquake, the calculated epicenters by local and international agencies gave dispersed results extending all over the Gulf. We relocated the earthquake carefully by combining data from the 4 local seismicity monitoring agencies surrounding the gulf, arrival times from an optimally distributed set of 14 local seismological stations were used. Full details of the data and the obtained solution are given and discussed.
The significance of the various calculated fault plane solutions for the Gulf of Aqaba earthquakes of February, 3 1983, August, 3 1993 and November, 22 1995 is examined and proposed to indicate the complexity of the tectonic phenomena at the local scale in the different parts of Gulf of Aqaba.
Figures and tables are designed to be easily understood for the non-Arabic speaking readers.
Key words :- Focal mechanism, Gulf of Aqaba, Jordan Dead Sea Transform, Relocation, Swarm.
============================================================
Abou Karaki N., 2001, The Gulf of Aqaba earthquake activity of 1995: Geodynamic context, analysis of the locations of the main event (Mw=7.2). Dirasat .Vol.28, No.1, Feb 2001.pp 115-132.
The cumulative seismic moment of destructive earthquakes, taking place on a plate boundary (mainly corresponding to magnitudes around or above 6), during thousands to tens of thousands of years, is becoming one of the useful tools, if properly evaluated and used, to estimate the rate of motion on the plate boundary, a parameter which can give a good idea about the potential seismic hazard in the boundary’s adjacent regions.
In this paper we focus on the robustness of the empirical relation-ships which were used to evaluate the magnitudes of earthquakes in the JDT area. It is found that some of these relation-ships yield big differences in the evaluated magnitudes and the resulting cumulative seismic moment. To give a detailed example of the lack of robustness and internal coherency in some of these commonly used empirical relation-ships in the area, the calculated magnitudes of the Dead Sea earthquake of Dec., 18 1956 were analyzed. Results concerning additional 36 of the region’s earthquakes are also presented. Consequently, the paper shows that the rate of motion on the JDT as calculated by Brunes method, which was found to be far below the rate derived from geological, neotectonic or geomorphologic considerations, is most probably an artifact due to a general tendency to underestimate the individual magnitudes par some authors. In particular the rather popular (but not yet proven) hypotheses of a large proportion of aseismic slip (89%) in Wadi Araba may be, at least partly due to a substantial underestimation of the cumulative seismic moment in the area in the first place.
Abstract
The Gulf of Aqaba forms the southern part of the Jordan Dead Sea Transform Fault System (JDT). Hence the gulf is part of the transform plate boundary connecting the active centers of sea floor spreading in the Red Sea zone in the south to the Taurus-Zagros zone of plate convergence in the North.
This particular part of the transform passed from a clear state of seismic quiescence for the last few centuries, (since 1588 AD at least), and from the status of the least seismically active segment of the transform during these centuries to the most active zone since 1983, when it entered into a period of increased activity marked by a number of swarms culminating with a 7.2 Mw earthquake on the 22th of November 1995.
In this work the seismotectonic context of the zone is examined including analyses of the Paleo, historical and instrumental seismicity components. Special emphasis is put on the location of that earthquake, the calculated epicenters by local and international agencies gave dispersed results extending all over the Gulf. We relocated the earthquake carefully by combining data from the 4 local seismicity monitoring agencies surrounding the gulf, arrival times from an optimally distributed set of 14 local seismological stations were used. Full details of the data and the obtained solution are given and discussed.
The significance of the various calculated fault plane solutions for the Gulf of Aqaba earthquakes of February, 3 1983, August, 3 1993 and November, 22 1995 is examined and proposed to indicate the complexity of the tectonic phenomena at the local scale in the different parts of Gulf of Aqaba.
Figures and tables are designed to be easily understood for the non-Arabic speaking readers.
Key words :- Focal mechanism, Gulf of Aqaba, Jordan Dead Sea Transform, Relocation, Swarm.
============================================================
Abou Karaki N., 2001, The Gulf of Aqaba earthquake activity of 1995: Geodynamic context, analysis of the locations of the main event (Mw=7.2). Dirasat .Vol.28, No.1, Feb 2001.pp 115-132.