Margherita Bacigalupo

ABSTRACT This report presents the outcomes of the expert workshop held at the Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS) on 29 and 30 October 2008 to discuss the impact of the social computing on Education and Training (E&T) in Europe. The workshop aimed to validate the results of the Learning 2.0 study, launched by IPTS in collaboration with DG EAC. The study explored the impact of social computing on E&T in Europe (in terms of contribution to the innovation of educational practice, and to more inclusive learning opportunities for the knowledge society). It also assessed Europe’s position in the take up of social computing in formal educational contexts and - by identifying opportunities and challenges - devised policy options for EU decision makers. The report offers a structured account of the debate that took place during the two day workshop. It reflects the discussion on the potential of social computing take up in organized educational contexts, focusing on innovation (from the pedagogical, organisational and technological standpoints), and on inclusion. It further discusses how, despite the recent emergence of the phenomenon mostly outside E&T institutions, its primarily experimental nature within formal E&T contexts, and the speed of its evolution, there are clear signs that it can transform educational practice and that a new schooling culture is called for. The report then presents the main risks that were identified by the experts and proposes a number of items for research and the policy agenda to respond to the educational needs of society as it is being transformed by the social computing wave. Finally, it summarizes the trends identified as likely to affect the future evolution of the learning landscape.

Abstract: This paper discusses the economics of electronic identity (eIdentity) from both theoretical and practical perspectives. Personal identity data are becoming increasingly important in online transactions, and they have never been monetised to the extent they are today. Consequently, there is a need for an improved understanding of the economic externalities resulting from the electronic use of identities in transactions. In this context, we distinguish four main theoretical approaches for understanding economics of identity: identity as a consumption good, identity as a capital asset, identity as a social good, and identity as a cost. We analyse each of these approaches in terms of their benefits to understanding economics of identity, their drawbacks, and the bearer of the cost of identity provision. After the theoretical part, we go on to discuss three case studies, BBS, eBay and IdenTrust, and apply an appropriate concept of economics of identity to analyse each business ...

Search faces (at least) two major challenges. One is to improve the efficiency of retrieving relevant content for all digital formats (images, audio, video, 3D shapes, etc). The second is to make relevant information retrievable in a range of platforms, particularly in high diffusion ones for mobiles. The two challenges are interrelated but distinct. This report aims to assess the potential of future Mobile Search. Two broad groups of search-based applications can be identified. The first group adapts and emulates web search processes and services to the mobile environment. The second is made up of services which exploit the unique features of mobile devices and mobile environments. Examples of these context-aware services include location-based services or interfacing to the internet of things (RFID networks). The report starts by providing an introduction to mobile search. It highlights differences and commonalities with search technologies on other platforms (Chapter 1). Chapter ...

After more than a decade of development work and hopes, the usage of mobile Internet has finally taken off. Now, we are witnessing the first signs of evidence what might become the explosion of mobile content and applications that will be shaping the (mobile) Internet of the future. Similar to the wired Internet, search will become very relevant for the usage of mobile Internet. Within the mobile ecosystem framework, this paper will discuss if and how intense public action in the mobile search domain should (could) be. Potential actions refer both to ‘conventional’ and 'non-conventional' regulatory approaches. Public administrations as procurement bodies may leverage services and thus acting as early deployers of applications is an example of a ‘conventional’ case, while the use of the wealth of public data with high added value in mobile search scenarios would be one of a ‘non-conventional’ case. The paper will present a list of different policy options and analyse their fe...

Entrepreneurship is regarded as one of the key competences necessary for a knowledge-based society and economy. The development of the entrepreneurial capacity of citizens and organisations is indeed one of the policy priorities for the European Union and the Member States. The Entrepreneurship Competence Framework (EntreComp), published in June 2016, proposes a broad conceptualisation of entrepreneurship as a competence aiming to bridge the worlds of education and work. EntreComp consists of 3 competence areas, 15 competences, an 8-level progression model and a list of 442 learning outcomes. This paper traces the development of a self-assessment tool (SAT) for entrepreneurship competence targeting young adults aged 16-25, based on the EntreComp model. This SAT will provide a compass for young adults' personal and professional development based on the mapping of their entrepreneurship competences; it will also give visibility to these competences as a basis for discussion with teachers, mentors as well as with potential employers. The development of the EntreComp SAT is based on the in-depth analysis of existing tools and how they correspond to the 15 competences identified in the EntreComp model. Such analysis reveals significant differences in the competences addressed by each tool. Based on the analysis a number of general requirements have been set to guide the design of a prototype EntreComp SAT for the entrepreneurship competence of young adults. Such requirements include a user-centred approach; focus on experiential reflection; a broad interpretation of the entrepreneurship competence; and an open (non-judgemental) approach of its self-assessment.JRC.B.4-Human Capital and Employmen

After more than a decade of development work and hopes, the usage of mobile Internet has finally taken off. Now, we are witnessing the first signs of evidence what might become the explosion of mobile content and applications that will be shaping the (mobile) Internet of the future. Similar to the wired Internet, search will become very relevant for the usage of mobile Internet. Within the mobile ecosystem framework, this paper will discuss if and how intense public action in the mobile search domain should (could) be. Potential actions refer both to ‘conventional’ and 'non-conventional' regulatory approaches. Public administrations as procurement bodies may leverage services and thus acting as early deployers of applications is an example of a ‘conventional’ case, while the use of the wealth of public data with high added value in mobile search scenarios would be one of a ‘non-conventional’ case. The paper will present a list of different policy options and analyse their feasibility. These include policies options aimed both at the demand side (user-oriented) and at the supply side (innovation-support policies, regulatory policies, industrial-type policies, …) of mobile search.

This paper provides an overview of what European key competence frameworks are designed to do, how they are created and how they can be used for different lifelong learning purposes. It explains that they are built on multi-stakeholder consensus, which makes them well suited to provide a common language for all actors that are interested in transversal competences. The paper also highlights that competence frameworks are not binding, and users are not expected to comply with them, but rather to use them flexibly, to unbundle them and to re-bundle them to achieve their own goals. Este artículo proporciona una descripción general de para qué están diseñados los marcos europeos para las competencias clave, cómo se han creado y cómo se pueden utilizar para diferentes propósitos en el mundo del aprendizaje permanente. Explica que los marcos se basan en el consenso de múltiples partes interesadas, lo que los hace muy adecuados para proporcionar un lenguaje común para todo actor interesado...

Abstract: This paper describes the preliminary results of a recent (April 2010) online survey of the evolution of mobile search. As part of the study, 54 questionnaires were received and an expert workshop with academics, industry representatives and market analysts, was organised to discuss and analyse the techno-economic and socio-economic aspects of mobile search. We found that experts have great expectations about this application field which, however, are not yet supported by economic markets evidence, although there are clear positive signs. Development work for creating new applications for the mass market is still needed, although there seems to be no fundamental technological barrier to that. Location-based services, augmented reality, real-time information search, and social network search and recommendations, have been identified as some of the key trends that may shape the future of mobile search. User demand for innovative mobile search based applications is largely giv...

This report presents the results of the mapping and analysis of ICT-enabled social innovation initiatives promoting social investment through integrated approaches to the provision of social services, which was conducted as part of the research on ICT-Enabled Social Innovation in support of the Social Investment Package (SIP). The main goal of the research carried out by the European Commission's JRC-IPTS jointly with the Directorate General Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion, was to explore the potential contribution of ICT-enabled social innovation as an enabler of change in the EU Member States’ efforts to pursue active policies to prioritise social investment and modernise their welfare systems. More specifically, building on a review of existing literature and theoretical approaches, this report defines the state of the art in the field under investigation and develops the conceptual and analytical framework of the research. The report also provides an overview of t...

This paper presents the work carried out in the framework of a study performed under the CARE Innovative Action initiative of Eurocontrol [1]. In particular it accounts for the outcomes of the CREA! project (Creative Research Environment for ATM) [2] both in terms of innovative concepts for Air Traffic Management (ATM) and in relation to design approach developed during the project. Innovation is a topic of great interest in complex safety critical systems like ATM, nevertheless classical design approaches concentrate on problem definition and analysis, articulating solution within the identified problem space. The approach that will be discussed in this paper focuses on problem setting rather then looking for solutions with respect to actual or potential breakdowns.

This paper discusses the challenges and possible policy options for the regulation of electronic identity (eIdentity). Policy-oriented literature has often focused on technological solutions, and while this interest is warranted, much less has been said on the regulatory challenges and possible solutions arising directly from developments in eIdentity. In this context, we distinguish five main challenges for policymakers: eIdentity as a new legal category, issues related to identity rights, changing role of governments, developments in the eIdentity industry, and proliferation of identity management systems. We analyse these five challenges as they apply to two use cases, Augmented ID and Pinch Analytics, which highlight some practical problems for consumers that have emerged as a result of new concepts of eIdentity. We conclude by discussing possible policy options such as driving the development of a single regulatory market, supporting the development of common standards, enhanci...

This playbook targets primarily learning facilitators who operate outside the formal education system. It aims to help them design and facilitate entrepreneurial learning activities in meaningful ways. The playbook can be applied in many setting: developing entrepreneurial competences in adults to increase their employability, up-skilling to face the changing needs of the labour market, career progression, support actors of change, as well as business start-ups within or outside existing ventures. The playbook can be used by the private, the public and the third sector alike. No two entrepreneurial learning activities will be alike, nor can an algorithm be scripted to produce the perfect intervention. Even when a format is defined, each learning group, each context bears its own circumstances and a facilitator will have to adapt and make the most of such circumstances. This playbook therefore is not a process guide: it rather provides readers with a selection of orientation tools fo...

The Report on State of the Art Agent modelling in Human Interfaces with respect to functionality levels represents the step of WP6 “R&D User modelling and interaction”. It aims to provide a framework for modelling system behaviour so as to support users’ activities in the real context. Together with the coming results from further activities analysis, the content of this document will be the basis for designing a series of maps of activities to elicit system requirement supporting users’ research needs. Keywords list: Activity modelling, interface agency, user model, domain model, interaction model, scenario based design, functional requirements

This paper presents the work carried out in the framework of a study performed under the CARE Innovative Action initiative of Eurocontrol (1). In particular it accounts for the outcomes of the CREA! project (Creative Research Environment for ATM) (2) both in terms of innovative concepts for Air Traffic Management (ATM) and in relation to design approach developed during the project. Innovation is a topic of great interest in complex safety critical systems like ATM, nevertheless classical design approaches concentrate on problem definition and analysis, articulating solution within the identified problem space. The approach that will be discussed in this paper focuses on problem setting rather then looking for solutions with respect to actual or potential breakdowns.

ABSTRACT Purpose ‐ This article aims to review the technological and socio-economic conditions which will influence the development of the mobile search market. Design/methodology/approach ‐ An expert workshop with academics, industry representatives and market analysts was organised to discuss and analyse the results of an online survey of techno-economic and socio-economic aspects concerning the evolution of mobile search. Findings ‐ Despite clear positive signs, forecasted great expectations around mobile search are not yet supported by economic market evidence. Substantial development work for creating new applications ripe for the mass market is still needed, although there seems to be no fundamental technological barrier to that. Location-based services, augmented reality, real-time information search, and social network search and recommendations, have been identified as some of the key trends that may shape the future of mobile search. User demand for innovative mobile search-based applications is largely taken for granted, but experts lack a clear view on suitable business models that would allow for sustainable economic development. Originality/value ‐ Innovating is not only inventing. Understanding what drives customers' willingness to use ‐ and to pay for ‐ a product or service is essential in order to design appropriate services and introduce these innovations to the market. There is a growing literature on mobile search-related technology, but the market context is largely unexplored.

ABSTRACT Purpose ‐ This article aims to review the technological and socio-economic conditions which will influence the development of the mobile search market. Design/methodology/approach ‐ An expert workshop with academics, industry representatives and market analysts was organised to discuss and analyse the results of an online survey of techno-economic and socio-economic aspects concerning the evolution of mobile search. Findings ‐ Despite clear positive signs, forecasted great expectations around mobile search are not yet supported by economic market evidence. Substantial development work for creating new applications ripe for the mass market is still needed, although there seems to be no fundamental technological barrier to that. Location-based services, augmented reality, real-time information search, and social network search and recommendations, have been identified as some of the key trends that may shape the future of mobile search. User demand for innovative mobile search-based applications is largely taken for granted, but experts lack a clear view on suitable business models that would allow for sustainable economic development. Originality/value ‐ Innovating is not only inventing. Understanding what drives customers' willingness to use ‐ and to pay for ‐ a product or service is essential in order to design appropriate services and introduce these innovations to the market. There is a growing literature on mobile search-related technology, but the market context is largely unexplored.

The development of the entrepreneurial capacity of European citizens and organisations is one of the key policy objectives for the EU and Member States. Ten years ago, the European Commission identified sense of initiative and entrepreneurship as one of the 8 key competences necessary for a knowledge-based society. The EntreComp framework presented in this report proposes a shared definition of entrepreneurship as a competence, with the aim to raise consensus among all stakeholders and to establish a bridge between the worlds of education and work. Developed through a mixed-methods approach, the EntreComp framework is set to become a reference de facto for any initiative aiming to foster entrepreneurial capacity of European citizens. It consists of 3 interrelated and interconnected competence areas: ‘Ideas and opportunities’, ‘Resources’ and ‘Into action’. Each of the areas is made up of 5 competences, which, together, constitute the building blocks of entrepreneurship as a competence. The framework develops the 15 competences along an 8-level progression model and proposes a comprehensive list of 442 learning outcomes. The framework can be used as a basis for the development of curricula and learning activities fostering entrepreneurship as a competence. Also, it can be used for the definition of parameters to assess learners’ and citizens’ entrepreneurial competences.