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The impacts of free-roaming canids (domestic and wild) on public health have long been a concern in Australian Indigenous communities. We investigated the prevalence of zoonotic helminth diseases in dogs and sympatric dingoes, and used... more
The impacts of free-roaming canids (domestic and wild) on public health have long been a concern in Australian Indigenous communities. We investigated the prevalence of zoonotic helminth diseases in dogs and sympatric dingoes, and used radio telemetry to measure their spatial overlap, in an Aboriginal community in the Wet Tropics of Australia. Samples collected from dingoes and dogs showed high levels of infection with the zoonotic hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum. Dingoes were also positive for A. ceylanicum infection (11.4%), but dogs were infection free. Whipworm, Trichuris vulpis, infection was far more prevalent in necropsies of domestic dogs (78.6%) than dingoes (3.7%). Dogs were free from Dirofilaria immitis infection, while dingoes recorded 46.2% infection. Eleven dingoes and seven free-roaming domestic dogs were fitted with Global Positioning System collars and tracked over an extended period. Dingo home-ranges almost completely overlapped those of the domestic dogs. However, ...
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This paper defines a new crown clade Neostromboidea to separate the Strombidae, Rostellariidae, and Seraphsidae from their sister families Struthiolariidae and Aporrhaidae. There is significant value to understanding evolutionary... more
This paper defines a new crown clade Neostromboidea to separate the Strombidae, Rostellariidae, and Seraphsidae from their sister families Struthiolariidae and Aporrhaidae. There is significant value to understanding evolutionary processes within Stromboidea to recognise the universal similarity in the position of the eye on the end of peduncles and a diminished cephalic tentacle that arises from the middle to the end on that peduncle. This is in contrast to other members of the Stromboidea where the eye is located at the base of the cephalic tentacle. These physiological differences represent two set of organisms with divergent and independent evolutionary life histories and therefore these differences need to be identifiable within the nomenclature to bring meaning to the way we name things.
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Here we evaluate the taxonomy of the marine gastropod genus Laevistrombus Abbott, 1960 and determine that there are five extant species within this genus, three of which occur in the southwest Pacific. Comparative analyses of this complex... more
Here we evaluate the taxonomy of the marine gastropod genus Laevistrombus Abbott, 1960 and determine that there are five extant species within this genus, three of which occur in the southwest Pacific. Comparative analyses of this complex have been problematic due to the lack of designated type material. Therefore, we present the type material for L. canarium Linnaeus, 1758; L. taeniatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1834; and L. vanikorensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1834. Current taxonomy has L. vanikorensis absorbed within the L. canarium complex. L. taeniatus is generally held to be a synonym of L. turturella Röding, 1789. We demonstrate that both L. taeniatus and L. vanikorensis are distinct species and reinstate both to species level. Our revision also notes the significant variability in early teleoconch structure within the geographic range of L. vanikorensis, and highlights the need for a greater revision of Laevistrombus, given the diversity in early teleoconch morphology present in southwest Pac...
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During the 2002 austral summer abnormally high sea-surface temperatures (SST) occurred in the southern Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia. This phenomenon was accompanied by reduced provisioning, decreased growth rates and reproductive... more
During the 2002 austral summer abnormally high sea-surface temperatures (SST) occurred in the southern Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia. This phenomenon was accompanied by reduced provisioning, decreased growth rates and reproductive failure of wedge-tailed shearwaters in the region. In 2002, adults were unable to compensate for changes in either the availability and/or accessibility of forage-fish by increasing food loads or foraging rates. This is one of few studies to explicitly correlate decreases in chick provisioning with above-average annual variation in SST and is the first to do so for a tropical seabird species in the western Pacific. It adds to an increasing number of data sets identifying the potential negative impacts of increasing SST at upper-trophic levels. As SST continue to rise with global climate change, our results predict substantial detrimental effects on seabird populations of the GBR. This finding has important implications for both seabird and coral reef...
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Introduction All frigatebird species are kleptoparasitic on other seabirds. However, continuing controversy exists over whether klepto-parasitisim is an important source of food for either self-or chick-provisioning in these species... more
Introduction All frigatebird species are kleptoparasitic on other seabirds. However, continuing controversy exists over whether klepto-parasitisim is an important source of food for either self-or chick-provisioning in these species (Gilardi 1994; Vickery and Brooke 1994; ...
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Terrestrial plants use an array of animals as vectors for dispersal, however little is known of biotic dispersal of marine angiosperms such as seagrasses. Our study in the Great Barrier Reef confirms for the first time that dugongs... more
Terrestrial plants use an array of animals as vectors for dispersal, however little is known of biotic dispersal of marine angiosperms such as seagrasses. Our study in the Great Barrier Reef confirms for the first time that dugongs (Dugong dugon) and green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) assist seagrass dispersal. We demonstrate that these marine mega-herbivores consume and pass in faecal matter viable seeds for at least three seagrass species (Zostera muelleri, Halodule uninervis and Halophila decipiens). One to two seagrass seeds per g DW of faecal matter were found during the peak of the seagrass reproductive season (September to December), with viability on excretion of 9.13% ± 4.61% (SE). Using population estimates for these mega-herbivores, and data on digestion time (hrs), average daily movement (km h) and numbers of viable seagrass seeds excreted (per g DW), we calculated potential seagrass seed dispersal distances. Dugongs and green sea turtle populations within this region ca...
Ancylostoma ceylanicum is the common hookworm of domestic dogs and cats throughout Asia, and is an emerging but little understood public health risk in tropical northern Australia. We investigated the prevalence of A. ceylanicum in soil... more
Ancylostoma ceylanicum is the common hookworm of domestic dogs and cats throughout Asia, and is an emerging but little understood public health risk in tropical northern Australia. We investigated the prevalence of A. ceylanicum in soil and free-ranging domestic dogs at six rainforest locations in Far North Queensland that are Indigenous Australian communities and popular tourist attractions within the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area. By combining PCR-based techniques with traditional methods of hookworm species identification, we found the prevalence of hookworm in Indigenous community dogs was high (96.3% and 91.9% from necropsy and faecal samples, respectively). The majority of these infections were A. caninum. We also observed, for the first time, the presence of A. ceylanicum infection in domestic dogs (21.7%) and soil (55.6%) in an Indigenous community. A. ceylanicum was present in soil samples from two out of the three popular tourist locations sampled. Our results contribute...
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Dugongs (Dugong dugon) are listed as vulnerable to extinction due to rapid population reductions caused in part by loss of seagrass feeding meadows. Understanding dugong feeding behaviour in tropical Australia, where the majority of... more
Dugongs (Dugong dugon) are listed as vulnerable to extinction due to rapid population reductions caused in part by loss of seagrass feeding meadows. Understanding dugong feeding behaviour in tropical Australia, where the majority of dugongs live, will assist conservation strategies. We examined whether feeding patterns in intertidal seagrass meadows in tropical north-eastern Australia were related to seagrass biomass, species composition and/or nitrogen content. The total biomass of each seagrass species removed by feeding dugongs was measured and compared to its relative availability. Nitrogen concentrations were also determined for each seagrass species present at the sites. Dugongs consumed seagrass species in proportion to their availability, with biomass being the primary determining factor. Species composition and/or nitrogen content influenced consumption to a lesser degree. Conservation plans focused on protecting high biomass intertidal seagrass meadows are likely to be mos...
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... Penguins breeding in eastern Australia, there is an inverse relationship between the latitude of the ... Increased surface air temperatures are likely to increase heat stress related mortality ... High potential for impacts to vary... more
... Penguins breeding in eastern Australia, there is an inverse relationship between the latitude of the ... Increased surface air temperatures are likely to increase heat stress related mortality ... High potential for impacts to vary regionally and by species, suggesting that local-based ...
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Abstract The Island cane planthopper, Eumetopina flavipes, is the only known vector for Ramu stunt disease of sugarcane. Ramu stunt disease appears confined to Papua New Guinea, but disease free populations of the vector are known to... more
Abstract The Island cane planthopper, Eumetopina flavipes, is the only known vector for Ramu stunt disease of sugarcane. Ramu stunt disease appears confined to Papua New Guinea, but disease free populations of the vector are known to occur throughout the ...
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ABSTRACT
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Heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) is a parasitic nematode responsible for canine and feline cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis and human zoonotic filariosis in both tropical and temperate regions throughout the world. Importantly, this study in... more
Heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) is a parasitic nematode responsible for canine and feline cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis and human zoonotic filariosis in both tropical and temperate regions throughout the world. Importantly, this study in the Wet Tropics of Far North Queensland found D. immitis remains at high prevalence (72.7%) in wild dingoes in low density housing areas in Australia. This prevalence is equivalent to the highest levels seen in wild dogs in Australia and represents an ongoing risk to domestic dogs, cats and humans. In contrast, in higher density residential areas prevalence was significantly lower (16.7%, p=0.001). It is possible that chemotherapeutic heartworm (HW) prevention in domestic dogs in these higher density housing areas is helping to control infection in the resident dingo population. Five dingoes killed in council control operations around Atherton, a non-endemic HW region in the Wet Tropics, were all negative for HW likely due to the colder climate of the region restricting transmission of the disease. This survey highlights the importance of dingoes as reservoir hosts of HW disease and that the subsequent risk of infection to companion animals and humans depends on local factors such as housing density, possibly linked to chemotherapeutic HW control in domestic dogs and climate. Our findings show that veterinary clinicians need to ensure that pet owners are aware of HW disease and do not become complacent about HW chemoprohylaxis in areas which support dingo populations.
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To determine whether breeding tropical shearwaters use “at-distance” locations during the long-trip phase of their bimodal foraging cycle, we deployed PTT satellite tracking devices on adult Wedge-tailed Shearwaters Ardenna pacifica of... more
To determine whether breeding tropical shearwaters use “at-distance” locations during the long-trip phase of their bimodal foraging cycle, we deployed PTT satellite tracking devices on adult Wedge-tailed Shearwaters Ardenna pacifica of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia, over three breeding seasons. During the long-trip phase (8–14 d), a component of a bimodal pattern of foraging not seen previously in a tropical shearwater, birds travelled to distant sites in the Coral Sea between 300 and 1 100 km from the breeding colony, primarily to the north and east. At-distance foraging sites were in deeper water and closer to seamounts than were near-colony foraging sites used for chick provisioning, a combination of features indicating enhanced prey availability at these at-distance locations. These findings imply that long-term reproductive success at this and likely other GBR colonies is strongly dependent on the continued stability of these at-distance locations, yet at present all ...
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ABSTRACT
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Research Interests: Developmental Plasticity, Multidisciplinary, Sea surface temperature, Seasonality, Animals, and 13 moreTemperature, Body Condition, Nutritional Status, Food Availability, Feeding Behavior, PLoS one, Foraging Behavior, Supplementary feeding, Charadriiformes, Growth rate, Prey Availability, Breeding season, and environmental variation
Organisms can be strongly affected by a range of natural and anthropogenic stressors in conjunction, making comprehensive assessments of multiple potential drivers of population dynamics essential. An 18-year dataset obtained for... more
Organisms can be strongly affected by a range of natural and anthropogenic stressors in conjunction, making comprehensive assessments of multiple potential drivers of population dynamics essential. An 18-year dataset obtained for Michaelmas Cay in the northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia, was used to assess population trends for three tern species relative to two potential threatening processes, namely human impacts (as either commercial fishing or tourism) and cyclone activity. We found a positive, 2-year lagged relationship between long-line catch per unit effort in the Eastern Tuna and Billfish Fishery in the vicinity of Michaelmas Cay and breeding participation in the two pelagic foraging terns, but not in the inshore foraging tern. The abundance of large pelagic fish may influence recruitment into the breeding populations of the two pelagic terns in the following years through impacts on prey availability. Long-term population trends for all seabirds were not related to local...
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Tourists have the potential to detrimentally impact breeding seabirds, particularly at popular destinations such as on the Great Barrier Reef. Michaelmas Cay is a significant seabird rookery and prime tourist destination on the reef. In... more
Tourists have the potential to detrimentally impact breeding seabirds, particularly at popular destinations such as on the Great Barrier Reef. Michaelmas Cay is a significant seabird rookery and prime tourist destination on the reef. In 1990, Queensland Parks & Wildlife Service erected a fence to separate tourists from fragile nesting habitat. We used two independent assessments during different breeding seasons to determine the potential impacts of tourism on two pelagic seabird species breeding on the cay. In the first quasi-experiment, egg losses by sooty terns (Sterna fuscata) and common noddies (Anous stolidus) were monitored at four distances (3, 6, 18 and 36 m) from a tourist enclosure. Our second quasi-experiment involved monitoring adult provisioning rates, chick growth and chick survival of sooty terns at two locations, one adjacent to the tourist fence and one 50 m away. At plots 3–6 m from the fence, we observed higher among-week variation in egg loss but no differences ...
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The use of feeding habitat by eastern curlews in Moreton Bay was examined by means of quantitative density assessment at 26 sites from 13 locations. The sites were chosen to encompass variation in width (area) of tidal flat, seagrass... more
The use of feeding habitat by eastern curlews in Moreton Bay was examined by means of quantitative density assessment at 26 sites from 13 locations. The sites were chosen to encompass variation in width (area) of tidal flat, seagrass density, and substratum type. Each site was visited four times: during each of a neap and a spring low tide, in January and February 1992. The total curlew count per site was strongly positively correlated with the width of the tidal flat, and had little or no relationship with seagrass density, substratum type or tidal phase. Wide flats also showed more variation than narrow flats in total curlew numbers. Curlew density, measured by the number of birds within 100 m of each side of the water's edge, was also greater on wide tidal flats, showed little relationship to seagrass density or substratum type, but was higher during neap low tides than spring lows. The data suggest that curlews choose soft-sediment intertidal feeding sites on the basis of po...
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Humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) annually undertake the longest migrations between seasonal feeding and breeding grounds of any mammal. Despite this dispersal potential, discontinuous seasonal distributions and migratory... more
Humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) annually undertake the longest migrations between seasonal feeding and breeding grounds of any mammal. Despite this dispersal potential, discontinuous seasonal distributions and migratory patterns suggest that humpbacks form discrete regional populations within each ocean. To better understand the worldwide population history of humpbacks, and the interplay of this species with the oceanic environment through geological time, we assembled mitochondrial DNA control region sequences representing approximately 2700 individuals (465 bp, 219 haplotypes) and eight nuclear intronic sequences representing approximately 70 individuals (3700 bp, 140 alleles) from the North Pacific, North Atlantic and Southern Hemisphere. Bayesian divergence time reconstructions date the origin of humpback mtDNA lineages to the Pleistocene (880 ka, 95% posterior intervals 550–1320 ka) and estimate radiation of current Northern Hemisphere lineages between 50 and 200 ka...
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ABSTRACT ITS1 sequence data was obtained for fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis) andS. lautus from Australia,S. madagascariensis andS. inaequidens from South Africa andS. madagascariensis from Madagascar. Despite the low level of... more
ABSTRACT ITS1 sequence data was obtained for fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis) andS. lautus from Australia,S. madagascariensis andS. inaequidens from South Africa andS. madagascariensis from Madagascar. Despite the low level of variation (0.0–3.4%), these data further resolve the controversy concerning the identity and origin of fireweed. They confirm that fireweed is part of the South AfricanS. madagascariensis/S. inaequidens complex, and indicate that the infestation in Australia originated from South Africa as opposed to Madagascar. This will facilitate a resumption of biological control efforts in Australia and will direct surveys for control agents to South Africa.
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Across three tropical Australian sclerophyll forest types, site-specific environmental variables could explain the distribution of both quantity (abundance and biomass) and richness (genus and species) of hypogeous fungi sporocarps.... more
Across three tropical Australian sclerophyll forest types, site-specific environmental variables could explain the distribution of both quantity (abundance and biomass) and richness (genus and species) of hypogeous fungi sporocarps. Quantity was significantly higher in the Allocasuarina forest sites that had high soil nitrogen but low phosphorous. Three genera of hypogeous fungi were found exclusively in Allocasuarina forest sites including Gummiglobus, Labyrinthomyces and Octaviania, as were some species of Castoreum, Chondrogaster, Endogone, Hysterangium and Russula. However, the forest types did not all group according to site-scale variables and subsequently the taxonomic assemblages were not significantly different between the three forest types. At site scale, significant negative relationships were found between phosphorous concentration and the quantity of hypogeous fungi sporocarps. Using a multivariate information theoretic approach, there were other more plausible models to explain the patterns of sporocarp richness. Both the mean number of fungal genera and species increased with the number of Allocasuarina stems, at the same time decreasing with the number of Eucalyptus stems. The optimal conditions for promoting hypogeous fungi sporocarp quantity and sporocarp richness appear to be related to the presence and abundance of Allocasuarina (Casuarinaceae) host trees. Allocasuarina tree species may have a higher host receptivity for ectomycorrhizal hypogeous fungi species that provide an important food resource for Australian mycophagous animals.
Research Interests: Microbiology, Forestry, Soil, Biomass, Plant Biology, and 10 moreAustralia, Fungi, Biodiversity, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Trees, Eucalyptus, Mycologia, Spores, and Tropical Climate
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... Tajima's D, −1·24, Significant (+), Significant (−). ... This agrees with studies of other freshwater fish in the region that have demonstrated the importance of oceanic salt barriers (Musyl... more
... Tajima's D, −1·24, Significant (+), Significant (−). ... This agrees with studies of other freshwater fish in the region that have demonstrated the importance of oceanic salt barriers (Musyl & Keenan, 1992; Jerry, 1997; Wong et al., 2004) and intermittent estuarine barriers (McGlashan & ...
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... Darren R. Peck,; Bradley C. Congdon. ... to the following people and institutions who provided logistic assistance in obtaining samples for this project: Barry Baker, Andrew Colvill, Rosemary Gales, Mark Hallam, Sheryl Hamilton, Anna... more
... Darren R. Peck,; Bradley C. Congdon. ... to the following people and institutions who provided logistic assistance in obtaining samples for this project: Barry Baker, Andrew Colvill, Rosemary Gales, Mark Hallam, Sheryl Hamilton, Anna Lashko, Mike Short, Chris Surman, the crew of ...
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... defoliating beetle Chrysophtharta bimaculata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) BRADLEY C.CONGDON*t, CORINNA L. LANGE* and ANTHONY R. CLARKEt *Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Pest Management, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072;... more
... defoliating beetle Chrysophtharta bimaculata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) BRADLEY C.CONGDON*t, CORINNA L. LANGE* and ANTHONY R. CLARKEt *Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Pest Management, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072; and ...