arshiya sultana

Context: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a leading health problem, in which pelvic organs-the uterus, bladder, and rectum-bulge from the vagina, causing bladder and bowel dysfunction. Uterovaginal prolapse (UVP), Nutu-al-Rahim, affects more than 50% of parous women (women who have had children), especially those above 60 years of age. Objective: The current case study intended to evaluate the benefits of a holistic Unani treatment in ameliorating POP symptoms, healing decubitus ulcers, preventing further prolapse, improving quality of life, and maintaining social independence. Design: The research team developed a case report. Setting: The study took place at the National Institute of Unani Medicine in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Participant: The participant was a 70 year-old female patient at the Institute with backache, spotting from the vagina, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, general weakness, and fourth-degree UVP with multiple decubitus ulcers. Intervention: The participant orally received Majun Moocharus, 7 g twice daily for 60 days,and took sitz baths (Abzan) once daily for 20 minutes for 60 days, which used a medicated decoction of 3g of alum (phitkari ) and 10 g each of a medicated decoction (Joshanda) of nutgalls from the Aleppo oak, Quercus infectoria (Mazu), root of lemon grass Andropogan jwarancusa (Izkhar), and pomegranate rind from Punica granatum (Post anar). She also used vaginal tampons (Hamul) which each used 2g of the same medicinal powder with 10 ml of rose oil and which was inserted into her vagina once per day for 60 days, in combination with pelvic-floor-muscle exercises. Results: The ulcers were healed within a week. The monthly follow-ups for ten months showed no cervical descent or symptoms associated with it. Conclusions: The current case study found that a fourth-grade UVP can be managed effectively with Unani medications. The participant's ulcers were healed, her clinical symptoms of UVP were reduced, and her quality of life improved. Clinical trials are recommended with large sample sizes to create a higher level of evidence for the efficacy of the Unani medicine.

Jushanda (decoction), often used in traditional medicine, has many drawbacks like disagreeable taste, bulky dose, cumbersome preparation, and short stability. Therefore, in the present study, jushanda nazla (JN) was modified and optimized into a sugar-based (SBS) and sugar-free (SFS) syrup dosage form and evaluated for various physicochemical parameters, microbial contaminations and antimicrobial activities. JN was concentrated and reduced to minimum quantity by heating and twelve batches of SBS and five batches of SFS were prepared for optimization. Out of these, the best batch of SBS and SFS were selected based on consistency and minimum bulk. The best batches were further evaluated for the physicochemical parameter, microbial and heavy metal contamination. The finished products were also evaluated for antimicrobial activity against selected microbes. SBS was optimized with 170 mL JN reduced to 50 mL, sugar 40% (w/v) and consistency of one wire. SFS was optimized with 170 mL JN reduced to 30 mL, and 96 mg of aspartame. Organoleptic characters, ash value, viscosity, specific gravity and pH of finished products were satisfactory. The concentration of total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid and glycyrrhizin and chlorogenic acid were comparative in JN, SBS and SFS. SBS and SFS passed the WHO guideline for microbial and heavy metal contamination. Finished products showed significant antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Salmonella. Analytical data of SBS and SFS showed significant optimistic results hence, generated data can be used for future reference. However, developed formulations should be further evaluated for their stability, safety and clinical efficacy.

Herbal medicine and nutritional supplements are suggested to treat premenstrual somatic and psycho-behavioural symptoms in clinical guidelines; nonetheless, this is at present based on poor-quality trial evidence. Hence, we aimed to design a systematic review and meta-analysis for their effectiveness in alleviating premenstrual symptoms. The published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were extracted from Google scholar, PubMed, Scopus and PROSPERO databases. The risk of bias in randomized trials was assessed by Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. The main outcome parameters were analysed separately based on the Premenstrual Symptom Screening Tool and PMTS and DRSP scores. Secondary parameters of somatic, psychological, and behavioural subscale symptoms of PSST were also analysed. Data synthesis was performed assuming a random-effects model, and standardized mean difference (SMDs) was analysed using SPSS version 28.0.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). A total of 754 articles were screened, and 15 R...

C. camphora is a renowned traditional Unani medicinal herb and belongs to the family Lauraceae. It has therapeutic applications in various ailments and prophylactic properties to prevent flu-like epidemic symptoms and COVID-19. This comprehensive appraisal is to familiarize the reader with the traditional, broad applications of camphor both in Unani and modern medicine and its effects on bioactive molecules. Electronic databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Research Gate were searched for bioactive molecules, and preclinical/clinical research and including 59 research and review papers up to 2022 were retrieved. Additionally, 21 classical Unani and English herbal pharmacopeia books with ethnomedicinal properties and therapeutic applications were explored. Oxidative stress significantly impacts aging, obesity, diabetes mellitus, depression, and neurodegenerative diseases. The polyphenolic bioactive compounds such as linalool, borneol, and nerolidol of C...

The temperament (Mizaj) of the body is an essential constituent for health conservancy and diagnosis of several diseases. Hence, general body temperament and uterine dystemperament (Su’-i-Mizaj) with abnormal vaginal discharge (Salayan al-Rahim) need evaluation. In addition, we also applied a computational intelligence technique for enhancing scientific validity to classify the warm-cold and wet-dry temperaments. This trial included a total of 66 participants with a vaginal discharge of reproductive age. Data included demographic characteristics of the participants, symptoms associated with vaginal discharge, women’s general temperament, and symptoms of uterine dystemperament. Correlation between general body temperament and age, abnormal vaginal discharge, and its associated symptoms was also performed. Additionally, we used the Support Vector Machine-Radial Basis Function (SVM-RBF) model to classify the warm-cold and wet-dry temperaments. Warm general temperament was highly preval...

A single-blind double-dummy randomized study was conducted in diagnosed patients (n = 66) to compare the efficacy of Linseeds (Linum usitatissimum L.), Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forssk.), and honey in uncomplicated pelvic inflammatory disease (uPID) with standard drugs using experimental and computational analysis. The pessary group received placebo capsules orally twice daily plus a per vaginum cotton pessary of powder from linseeds and psyllium seeds, each weighing 3 gm, with honey (5 mL) at bedtime. The standard group received 100 mg of doxycycline twice daily and 400 mg of metronidazole TID orally plus a placebo cotton pessary per vaginum at bedtime for 14 days. The primary outcomes were clinical features of uPID (vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain (LAP), low backache (LBA), and pelvic tenderness. The secondary outcomes included leucocytes (WBCs) in vaginal discharge on saline microscopy and the SF-12 health questionnaire. In addition, we also classified both (pessary and st...

: Insomnia is well-known as trouble in sleeping and enormously influences human life due to the shortage of sleep. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) accrue in neurons during the waking state, and sleep has a defensive role against oxidative damage and dissipates ROS in the brain. In contrast, insomnia is the source of inequity between ROS generation and removal by an endogenous antioxidant defense system. The relationship between insomnia, depression, and anxiety disorders damages the cardiovascular systems' immune mechanisms and functions. Traditionally, polysomnography is used in the diagnosis of insomnia. This technique is complex, with a long time overhead. In this work, we have proposed a novel machine learning-based automatic detection system using the R-R intervals extracted from a single-lead electrocardiograph (ECG). Additionally, we aimed to explore the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in sleeping disorders and cardiovascular diseases, antioxidants’ effects, and the psychopharmacological effect of herbal medicine. This work has been carried out in steps, which include collecting the ECG signal for normal and insomnia subjects, analyzing the signal, and finally, automatic classification. We used two approaches, including subjects (normal and insomnia), two sleep stages, i.e., wake and rapid eye movement, and three Machine Learning (ML)-based classifiers to complete the classification. A total number of 3000 ECG segments were collected from 18 subjects. Furthermore, using the theranostics approach, the role of mitochondrial dysfunction causing oxidative stress and inflammatory response in insomnia and cardiovascular diseases was explored. The data from various databases on the mechanism of action of different herbal medicines in insomnia and cardiovascular diseases with antioxidant and antidepressant activities were also retrieved. Random Forest (RF) classifier has shown the highest accuracy (subjects: 87.10% and sleep stage: 88.30%) compared to the Decision Tree (DT) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The results revealed that the suggested method could perform well in classifying the subjects and sleep stages. Additionally, a random forest machine learning-based classifier could be helpful in the clinical discovery of sleep complications, including insomnia. The evidence retrieved from the databases showed that herbal medicine contains numerous phytochemical bioactives and has multimodal cellular mechanisms of action, viz., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, vasorelaxant, detoxifier, antidepressant, anxiolytic, and cell-rejuvenator properties. Other herbal medicines have a GABA-A receptor agonist effect. Hence, we recommend that the theranostics approach has potential and can be adopted for future research to improve the quality of life of humans.

Objectives. Abnormal vaginal discharge (Sayalan al-Rahim) is a common public health problem that significantly disrupts the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Syndromic management infers the concurrent treatment of two or more infections. Hence, a comparative, single-blind study was planned to determine the efficacy of Acacia (Acacia nilotica Linn.) pod’s sitz bath (Abzan) plus vaginal pessary (Farzaja) vs. placebo in abnormal vaginal discharge syndromic management, its associated symptoms, and women’s HRQoL. Methods. Diagnosed patients (n = 66) were randomly divided into Acacia (n = 33) and placebo (n = 33) group. Acacia group received Sitz bath with Acacia pod powder (30g) solution followed by vaginal cotton pessary (5 ml of the same solution) once daily for 10 days. The placebo group received palm sugar powder (30g) solution for Sitz bath plus vaginal cotton pessary same as the Acacia group. Primary outcomes included clinical cure assessed with VAS for symptoms and Modified ...

Objectives. Abnormal vaginal discharge (Sayalan al-Rahim) is a common public health problem that significantly disrupts the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Syndromic management infers the concurrent treatment of two or more infections. Hence, a comparative, single-blind study was planned to determine the efficacy of Acacia (Acacia nilotica Linn.) pod’s sitz bath (Abzan) plus vaginal pessary (Farzaja) vs. placebo in abnormal vaginal discharge syndromic management, its associated symptoms, and women’s HRQoL. Methods. Diagnosed patients (n = 66) were randomly divided into Acacia (n = 33) and placebo (n = 33) group. Acacia group received Sitz bath with Acacia pod powder (30g) solution followed by vaginal cotton pessary (5 ml of the same solution) once daily for 10 days. The placebo group received palm sugar powder (30g) solution for Sitz bath plus vaginal cotton pessary same as the Acacia group. Primary outcomes included clinical cure assessed with VAS for symptoms and Modified ...

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) significantly lowers the quality of life and impairs personal and social relationships in reproductive-age women. Some recommendations are that inappropriate oxidative stress and inflammatory response are involved in PMS. Various nutritional supplements and herbs showed neuro-psycho-pharmacological activity with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to determine the systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of herbal medicine and nutritional supplements in PMS. We also comprehensively highlighted the role of oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial changes on PMS with the application of computational intelligence. We used PRISMA and research question-based techniques to collect the data for evaluation of our study on different databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and PROSPERO from 1990 to 2022. The methodological quality of the published study was assessed by the modified Jadad scale. In addition, we used netwo...

Ferula asafoetida (family: Umbelliferae) is a monoecious, herbaceous, perennial plant. Oleo-gum-resin of Ferula asafoetida is exudates obtained from the rhizome of this plant. Asafoetida is inhabitant to central Asia, eastern Iran to Afghanistan. However, asafoetida is not inhabitant of India. It is grown chiefly in Afghanistan and Iran, and from these areas it is exported to the entire world. Asafoetida is in use from ancient times in Indian medicine and cookery as a spice. It is also used in folk phytomedicine since antiquity in traditional medicine for the treatment of several neurological (epilepsy, paralysis, hysterias and depression), gastrointestinal (intestinal parasites, flatulence, weak digestion, stomach ache), respiratory (influenza, asthma), and reproductive disorders (premature labour, unusually painful, difficult and excessive menstruation, leucorrhoea, and infertility). Traditionally, it has carminative, antispasmodic, digestive, aphrodisiac, emmenagogue, sedative an...

: Portulaca oleracea Linn. (Family: Portulaceae) is a creeping annual herb, native of tropical and subtropical region. It has been used since long time as domestic remedy by ancient Unani and Ayurvedic physicians. Petroleum ether extract of its whole plant collected by soxhlet apparatus were studied for diuretic activity in Albino rats. It was compared with placebo and standard control groups treated with carboxylmethyl cellulose (CMC) and furosemide respectively. Three parameters were taken to assess the diuretic activity i.e. (1) Urine output (2) Reduction in body weight and (3) Electrolytes (sodium, potassium and chloride) concentration in urine excreted. The animals of test group, which received 90 mg/kg extract of Khurfa whole plant showed urine output equal to the animals of standard group. It was also observed that by increasing the dose of test drug, urine excretion was increased. Weight reductions were noticed in all groups and were related to volume of urine output. The group of animals that passed more urine lost more body weight. Urine ion concentration of sodium and potassium were lowest in standard group whereas in test groups as the dose were increased concentration of sodium and potassium excretion also increased in urine.

Infertility is a state of inability to conceive after unprotected intercourse for 1 year; it involves 1 in 6 couples in England. It is a complex problem with an incidence of 10%-15% and of these, 14% of infertilities are due to a tubal factor. The incidence of unilateral tubal blockage is 33%. Pregnancy can occur in unilateral tubal blockage. In the Unani system of medicine, many herbal drugs are used empirically for enhancing fertility. This case report was an effort to understand the role of Unani formulations in conception. This patient had unilateral tubal blockage and she was also resistant to clomiphene citrate. This study was performed in the Outpatient Department of the National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India. A 25-year-old female patient with primary infertility for 2½ years was diagnosed with unilateral tubal blockage. She was given Unani treatment with Hab hamal 1 tablet t.i.d. for 5 days from the seventh day of the menstrual cycle, Majoon hamal amberi alvi khani 5 g, and Majoon supari pak 5 g b.i.d. for 1 month from the seventh day of menstrual cycle for two consecutive cycles. The main outcome measure was to observe the conception in the patient. The patient conceived within 2 months of the treatment. These formulations might have assisted in conception as they are considered to have uterine tonic, vitalizer, and aphrodisiac properties in Unani medicine. Some of these drugs have been pharmacologically proved to assist in conception, such as Crocus sativus Linn, which is reported to improve fertility that may be attributed to crocetin and/or flavonoids. It is also reported that oysters, which contain zinc and calcium, might have been helped in enhancing fertility.

In Unani medicine, Waram al-Aalate Bawl literally means urinary tract infection. It includes Waram al-Kulliya, Waram al-Mathana and Waram al-Ahleel. Cystitis is the most common bacterial infection in young and elderly women. Recurrent UTIs (cystitis) can have a negative effect on the quality of life. Conventional management for cystitis includes antimicrobial/antibiotics. Antibiotics are the main stay treatment for acute and recurrent cystitis. Severe side effects have been reported and disturbances may require treatment to be withdrawn. Further, antibiotic resistance and previous episodes of cystitis have been positively associated with increase duration of severe symptoms of UTIs. Therefore, the need for alternative therapies for cystitis is evident. Thus, literary appraisal of classical sources was reviewed for Waram al-Aalate Bawl and to correlate with contemporary knowledge. Material and Methods: The classical Unani sources viz., Al-Qanun fi’l Tibb (Canon of Medicine), Iksir-i-...

Objective:The usage of medicinal plants for disease management has become a therapeutic modality. Tribulus terrestris Linn (Gokhru) is one of the traditional herbs with immense medicinal properties. It has long been in use for different ailments of musculoskeletal, urogenital, gastrointestinal, central nervous and Integumentary systems as it possesses diuretic, emmenagogue, anti-inflammatory, and aphrodisiac properties. Hence, aim of the present study was to evaluate pharmacological activities of Tribulus terrestris L. by performing a review of data available in order to compile information and guide for future research. Material and Methods: Literature search for medicinal plants texts and computerized databases such as Medline, Pubmed, Ovid SP, Google Scholar and Science direct were searched to identify all experimental and clinical trials carried to prove the pharmacological activities of T. terrestris. All studies published in English language were included. Results: Total of tw...

Uterine prolapse (Nutue Rehm) still remains an issue of major health concern affecting large population of women in both developing and developed countries. Estimate suggests that 50% of parous women have some degree of genital prolapse for quite a long period. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Acacia arabica (aqaqia) in the management of Nutue Rehm and to improve the quality of life of women. A single blind, plain controlled randomized study was carried out in Amraze Niswan Va Qabalt department of National Institute of Unani Medicine Hospital, Bangalore. Thirty patients with first and second degree uterovaginal prolapse in the age group of 25–65 years were included and randomly allocated to test (n=20) and control (n=10) groups. In test group, powder of Acacia arabica was given both orally (three gram in two divided doses) and locally (six gram in the form of Humool once daily).Vitamin B complex was administered once daily and pelvic floor musc...

Sala’ al-Rahim (leiomyomata) is commonest benign gynecologic tumour affecting nearly 20-30% reproductive age women. Treatment of leiomyomata should be individualized, and symptomatology may be a decisive factor in deciding the treatment. No definite treatment is available except hysterectomy. Therefore, patients are turning towards complementary and alternative medicine. Case presentation: A 40-year-old, married, parous woman who presented with complaint of severe lower abdominal pain and backache prior and during menstruation since one year came to the hospital and visited the outpatient department (OPD) of Amraze Niswan wa Qabalat (Gynecology). There was no history of abnormal uterine bleeding. Patient had taken allopathic treatment for severe dysmenorrhoea as it was incapacitating her from routine work. However, she did not have relief. Her ultrasonography of pelvis showed anterior (1.4X1.7cm) and posterior (1.5X1.9cm) intramural uterine fibroid (leiomyomata). She was treated wit...

Portulaca oleracea L. belongs to the family Portulaceae, is a warm-climate annual herb, known as khurfa in Arabic and common purslane in English. The plant is succulent, herbaceous, erect or decumbent growing up to 30 cm height with cylindrical stem of 2-3 mm in diameter. The plant, which is common weed of cultivation, are eaten as a vegetable and used for medicinal purposes. Traditionally, since antiquity this plant has been used for the treatment of various ailments like skin diseases, fever, dysentery, diarrhea, bleeding piles, kidney, liver, spleen diseases etc. The qualitative phytochemical studies of this plant extract showed the presence of alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinone, saponins, tannins etc. The plant is reported to have versatile biological activities like antipyretic, antitussive, diuretic, hypolipidemic, antiulcerogenic, antiinflammatory, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial properties etc. The present review is an endeavour to summarize th...

Department of Amraze Niswan wa Qabalat (Obstetrics and Gynecology) 1 , National Institute of Unani Medicine, PG Institute of Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Department of Ilmus Saidla (Pharmacy) 2 , National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Department of AYUSH 3 , Bangalore, Karnataka, India Department of Imul Advia (Pharmacology) 4 , Al Farooq Unani Medical College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Mizaj (temperament) is one of the fundamental concepts of Unani system of medicine. Internal and external factors influences the human body leading to su’ mizaj (altered temperament) that ultimately inflict the whole body or a specific organ in the form of disease. Therefore, mizaj of a patient or organ has to be evaluated. Thus, this study was planned to determine the mizaj in women with menopausal transition symptoms. Material and methods: A prospective, single centre pilot study was conducted in 60 menopausal transition symptoms women in the National Institute of Unani medicine (NIUM), India between April 2013 and January 2014. The patient’s initial severity of menopausal transition symptoms were evaluated using the validated menopause rating scale (MRS) Questionnaire. The temperament was assessed by alamate su’ mizaj (clinical features of abnormal temperament) of body and ghalaba-i-akhlat (dominance of humour) and dalaele amzaj al- rahim (clinical features of uterine temperament...

INTRODUCTION Greco-Arabic Medicine imparts vast knowledge regarding diseases afflicting different systems. Urinary incontinence (UI) is involuntary leakage of urine. It is an undiagnosed, under-reported, and frequently untreated medical condition that greatlyaffects the quality of life of women in any age. Therefore, a literary search in classical literature of Greco-Arabic medicine for UI was explored to implement in current era. Material and METHODS Meticulous literature search was carried out to comprehend the concept of urinary incontinence described in ancient Unani literature. The classical Greco-Arabic medicine texts were searched. Further, browsing of PubMed/Google Scholar and other websites was carried by searching complementary and alternative treatment for urinary incontinence and herbal remedies useful in urinary incontinence. RESULTS The causes of urinary incontinence described in Greco-Arabic texts are abnormal temperament of body or bladder, dislocation of vertebrae, ...

Mixed Urinary Incontinence (MUI) in women is an important disease that is under-treated and under-reported with high prevalence of 33% of all cases of incontinence. It significantly impairs women’s quality of life. MUI usually represent with more severe symptoms and are more likely to present for the treatment as per the recent studies. The management not only includes the conventional but also the complementary and alternative medicine treatment incorporating details from evidence to clinical practice. Combinations of behavioral modification, pelvic floor physiotherapy, biofeedback, pharmacotherapy, anti-incontinence devices, and complementary therapies is useful to treat mixed symptoms. Some researches recommended the use of Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) and antimuscarinic drugs to treat MUI. Some studies showed that acupuncture is beneficial for MUI. The treatment with herbal medicine such as mace, Boswellia serrata and Cyperius were also effective in treat...

Objectives Amenorrhoea in women of reproductive age may be an indication of an undiagnosed and chronic condition. The concept of temperament is a fundamental component of health preservation and diagnosis of various disease conditions including amenorrhoea in Unani medicine. Dystemperament is the commonest cause of various diseases. Therefore, general body temperament and uterine dystemperament in amenorrhoea was determined. Methods A prospective, single-centre, cross-sectional observational study from June to November 2019 was conducted in 80 patients of reproductive age with amenorrhoea ≥60 days. Validated questionnaire for the assessment of women’s general body temperament and clinical features of uterine dystemperament was used. The data were analysed by appropriate statistical analysis. Results The age of patients with amenorrhoea ranged from 14 to 50 years. The most prevalent general body temperament was cold (57.5%) and wet (60%). Cold and wet general temperament was more com...

Acacia nilotica Linn commonly known as Babul is a multipurpose tree. As the world is turning back towards the herbal drug, it is the need of the hour to re-evaluate the knowledge of traditional medicine through vast review. In the Unani traditional system of medicine, all parts of the plant have been used as a remedy for various diseases and are imputed for their medicinal properties. Hence, this review presents an overview of the medicinal properties of different parts of A. nilotica L. used in Unani medicine, its phytochemical constituents, and diverse pharmacological activities. The information related to this drug was retrieved using the classical Unani sources viz., Al-Qanun fi’l Tibb (Canon of Medicine), Iksir-i-A‘zam, Al Hawi fi’l Tibb (Continens Liber), Tarjuma Kamil al-Sana‘a al-Tibbiyya, Dhakhira Khawarizm Shahi, Biyaz-i-Kabir and Tibb-i-Akbar for medicinal properties used in Unani Medicine. Further for other traditional uses, phytoconstituents and pharmacological activiti...

Background: Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after at least one year of unprotected intercourse. It is a complex disorder with significant medical, psychosocial, and economic problems. In about one third of couples are infertile. Approximately 167 million married women aged 15-49 years in developing countries were infertility. The present study aimed to determine the most common causes of female infertility in patients who visiting the National Ayuvedic Teaching Hospital, Borella, Sri Lanka. Methods: In this study 635 infertile (primary and secondary) women were selected to determine the causes of infertility. The subjects were selected from the gynecology clinic, between the periods of February 2015 to March 2016. The data were gathered using a questionnaire; and after that proper statistical method was applied to analyze the data. Results: From the results age between 28-37 years (37.16%) are more prevalent to infertility and the causes of infertility are mainly...

Background To compare the efficacy and safety of herbal decoction (pods of Cassia fistula Linn. and Arils of Myristica fragrans Houtt) with mefenamic acid in spasmodic dysmenorrhoea. Methods In this single-blind, prospective, parallel, standard controlled study, dysmenorrheic patients (n=64) were randomly allocated to receive herbal decoction (n=31) or mefenamic acid (n=33) for two consecutive menstrual cycles. Treatment group received 180 mL herbal decoction of post amaltas (Cassia fistula L pod's pericarp) (21 g), bisbasah (Myristica fragrans Houtt arils) (3 g) and qand siyah (jaggery) (30 g) which were orally administered at morning for 3 days before the expected start of menstruation. The control group received mefenamic acid 500 mg orally twice daily between day 1 and day 3 of menstruation. The primary outcomes were visual analog scale (VAS) for pain intensity, pain relief scale and the safety assessment by clinical examination and biochemical parameters. The secondary outc...

Greco-Arabic Medicine imparts vast knowledge regarding diseases afflicting different systems. Urinary incontinence (UI) is involuntary leakage of urine. It is an undiagnosed, under-reported, and frequently untreated medical condition that greatlyaffects the quality of life of women in any age. Therefore, a literary search in classical literature of Greco-Arabic medicine for UI was explored to implement in current era. Material and Meticulous literature search was carried out to comprehend the concept of urinary incontinence described in ancient Unani literature. The classical Greco-Arabic medicine texts were searched. Further, browsing of PubMed/Google Scholar and other websites was carried by searching complementary and alternative treatment for urinary incontinence and herbal remedies useful in urinary incontinence. The causes of urinary incontinence described in Greco-Arabic texts are abnormal temperament of body or bladder, dislocation of vertebrae, pregnancy, diuretic, laxity o...

Usr-i-tamth in Unani (Greco-Arabic) medicine is pain associated with menstruation, and classical manuscripts are enriched with traditional knowledge for the management of usr-i-tamth (menstrual pain/dysmenorrhoea). Hence, a comprehensive search was undertaken to find classical manuscripts for the management of menstrual pain was. We searched the Cochrane database, PubMed/Google Scholar, and other websites for articles on complementary and alternative medicine treatment and management of menstrual pain. The principal management as per Unani manuscripts is to produce analgesia and to treat the cause of usr-i-tamth such as abnormal temperament, menstrual irregularities/uterine diseases, and psychological and environmental factors. Furthermore, Unani medicines with emmenagogue, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties are beneficial for amelioration of usr-i-tamth. Herbs such as Apium graveolens, Cuminum cyminium, Foeniculum vulgare, Matricaria chamomilla and Nigella s...

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of preparations of certain Unani herbs on Lequesne Algo-Functional Index of knee osteoarthritis (OA). A prospective, pre- and post test evaluation study was conducted on 20 diagnosed patients of OA recruited from the Nizamia General Hospital, Hyderabad. Internally, a combination (formula) of Unani herbs was administered, which was as follows: 3.5 g powder of Asarun (2 g), Tukhme karafs (2 g), and Filfil daraz (3 g) was administered internally twice daily. Externally, the concoction of Gule baboona (20 g) and Gule tesu (40 g) made in 1 l water was poured over the affected knee, daily once for 40 days. The primary outcome was to assess the efficacy of Unani test drugs with the modified Lequesne Algo-Functional Index for knee OA. The mean percentage reduction of Lequesne Algo-Functional Index score was 71.09%. The mean and standard deviation was 10.55 (1.70) and 3.05 (2.30) before treatment and after treatment, respectively. The pre- and post test evaluation showed reduction in Lequesne Algo-Functional Index score (P < 0.0001). In this study, the Unani treatment module was found to be effective in reducing the severity of disease in patients with osteoarthritis of knees.