Complete study and inventory of the Afonso Henriques deniers with the "signum salomonis". 42 coin... more Complete study and inventory of the Afonso Henriques deniers with the "signum salomonis". 42 coins are identified as fake. The iconography is explained. This paper is entirely independent. And should have been printed in paper, and payed by the readers. Unfortunatly, the readers want to read, but are not willing to pay. In fact, the readers find it absurd that the authors demand money for their knowlege. For that, perhaps one must be in an university, writing "credit-papers" that add absolutely nothing to any knowlege. No one reads, and we all pay.
This article was originaly published in Revista Moeda, though censored, because it didn't include... more This article was originaly published in Revista Moeda, though censored, because it didn't include the paragraphs marked in bold. It verses about a very dangerous modern falsification of an Afonso II of Portugal dinheiro, that even has a clone certified by NGC.
A review of the evolution of Portuguese numismatic studies relating to manual coinage in the 21st... more A review of the evolution of Portuguese numismatic studies relating to manual coinage in the 21st century. The text was originally published in the 50th anniversary edition of "Revista Moeda".
An inventory of the gold escudos of Afonso V of Portugal with the arms of Portugal and Castille. ... more An inventory of the gold escudos of Afonso V of Portugal with the arms of Portugal and Castille. It is mentioned in the article that the second exemplar, recently presented and sold in auction, has no provenance specified. That comes from the fact that the auction house initially didn't mentioned any provenance, though it was latter added that the coin came from the Huntington collection. We find that strange, as it was not presented in the Morton & Eden auction where the portuguese coins of the Huntington collection have been sold.
The meia dobra pé-terra of Fernando I of Portugal is a war coin, issued in the context of the Hun... more The meia dobra pé-terra of Fernando I of Portugal is a war coin, issued in the context of the Hundred Years War. In this paper we present an inventory of the known examplars. One of the coins, recently sold in auction, doesn't fit the expected patterns.
Guia para coleccionar moedas em Portugal, especialmente vocacionado para iniciantes e "xicos-expe... more Guia para coleccionar moedas em Portugal, especialmente vocacionado para iniciantes e "xicos-expertos".
This is an unfinished work that took me one and a half years of life. The subject is one of the m... more This is an unfinished work that took me one and a half years of life. The subject is one of the most controversial and debated themes by portuguese numismatists, but also by historians. For over 150 years, the iconography and purpose of these coins have been debated by some of the most brilliant scholars on these and other subjects. We believe that the text that is now presented brings elements that would certainly enthuse all those who are familiar with the subject.
An inventory of gentis and barbudas with gentil reverse, issued by king Fernando I of Portugal, i... more An inventory of gentis and barbudas with gentil reverse, issued by king Fernando I of Portugal, in the second half of the 14th century, alongside some notes about epigraphy. Fake coins are identified, as well as tooled ones.
A translation to the portuguese language of an extract from the "Court des Monnaies", dated from ... more A translation to the portuguese language of an extract from the "Court des Monnaies", dated from 1563, found online on the Bibliothèque de France portal, and presenting ilustrations of the Batenburg imitations of portuguese cruzados, also helping to define aspects related to the chronology and circulation of those coins. It is the first time this document is known in Portugal.
Complete catalogue and inventory of the 7 known Porto cruzados from the reign of Afonso V of Port... more Complete catalogue and inventory of the 7 known Porto cruzados from the reign of Afonso V of Portugal. The coin from the Bibliothèque de France collection has the same punches used by Egas Gonçalves, though not marked with the "P" letter, making it a unique exemplar of the type, and bearing the "CRUZATUS" title, used for the African conquests.
An approach to fake portuguese coins between the XIIth and XVIth centuries, with analysis to the ... more An approach to fake portuguese coins between the XIIth and XVIth centuries, with analysis to the chemical composition of some coins. The first morabitin of Sancho I, fake from the eppoch, is presented in this paper, along with some pieces from the reign of João I, and some dies of king Sebastian coins, never before published. The paper intends to be a point of start to the study of these pieces, that never deserved the proper interest from portuguese scholars or numismats.
A complete study about the coins struck by king João II of Portugal in the Porto mint. It propose... more A complete study about the coins struck by king João II of Portugal in the Porto mint. It proposes a new method, that makes use of epigraphic tables in order to compare elements and letters, defining the authors. The epigraphy of two engravers is deconstructed and analysed. As a result, there were found meios vinténs and ceitis with dies made by the Porto engravers. Also the chronology was perfected, crossing the data of the coins with documents that secure us dates of nomination of the engravers. The "justo" coin, the only known exemplar of the type in the Porto mint, is taken in consideration as an authentic coin, with dies engraved by Álvaro Egas, despite some studies that claimed it to be a 19th century falsification.
This is an article about the reais de prata of Beatriz of Portugal, struck during the 1383-85 suc... more This is an article about the reais de prata of Beatriz of Portugal, struck during the 1383-85 succession crisis. All the known coins are shown with photos, including a new coin, sold in auction in 2019. The article also signals some fake coins. The epigraphy is deconstructed and the work signals the possibility that the author of the dies was Pelegrin Del Sur, though this still is a mere hypothesis. There were made corrections to the legal weight previously considered in portuguese numismatic studies, and all points to the fact that the Beatriz reais had the same weight as the portuguese coins of João I as Regedor. Also the historic facts of the period are considered in the article.
This paper presents an analysis to the chemical composition of a tostão, struck by D. António of ... more This paper presents an analysis to the chemical composition of a tostão, struck by D. António of Portugal, during his exile on the Terceira Island. Although it is a current idea that the silver used in Portugal, after D. Afonso V's reign, was from the 11th dinheiros law (Ag. 91,6%), it is also true that a document that belonged to Antonio himself, and that is mentioned by Batalha Reis's "Numária de D. António", refers the use of a poor silver alloy. In this coin, a tostão from the 1st stricking in Angra do Heroísmo, we found a silver percentage of about 64%, that matches with the written sources mentioned above.
A medieval pied-fort struck by Fernando I of Portugal, presented in this article, is the second k... more A medieval pied-fort struck by Fernando I of Portugal, presented in this article, is the second known published medieval pied-fort in Portugal. The analysis to the chemical composition, although made with a portable equipment, using the "precious metals" standard calibration, reveals that the chemical composition of the alloy should have been the same as the one that was used in official coinage. The style of this piece, and the elements used, also point to an official source.
This is the catalogue of the coins of João I of Portugal. It is part of the book called "Numária ... more This is the catalogue of the coins of João I of Portugal. It is part of the book called "Numária do Mestre de Avis". It results from a 4 year study, witch involved the analysis of 350 coins by X Ray fluorescence.
Third version of this paper with new variants on the catalogue, a new coin analysed through x-ray... more Third version of this paper with new variants on the catalogue, a new coin analysed through x-ray fluorescence, and a new coin found in Britain.
This is the second version of this paper, with some variants added to the catalogue and some news... more This is the second version of this paper, with some variants added to the catalogue and some news on the forgery chapter.
This is a study about Afonso V's portuguese coin - The chinfrão. The study focuses on the role th... more This is a study about Afonso V's portuguese coin - The chinfrão. The study focuses on the role that the chinfrão assumed in England, where it probably circulated with a similar value as the half-groat. It also tries to explore comercial evidences that may have occured and may justify the presence of the coin in England. Some epigraphy problems are also mentioned. The metrology and chemical composition of a small number of coins is also approached. In the end there is a catalogue of these coins, with a degree of rarity defined, based on a sample of 95 chinfrões.
Moedas Marteladas Portuguesas Ilustradas em Listas e Leilões, 2022
401 Portuguese hammered coins, searched in Sotheby's lists and auctions, from 1973 to 2012, and o... more 401 Portuguese hammered coins, searched in Sotheby's lists and auctions, from 1973 to 2012, and ordered by reign and species. For each coin, a photo is shown, and the indication of the auctions in which it was offered for sale. Corrections to the previous volumes are added, as well as a complete list of sources to search for portuguese hammered coins.
Complete study and inventory of the Afonso Henriques deniers with the "signum salomonis". 42 coin... more Complete study and inventory of the Afonso Henriques deniers with the "signum salomonis". 42 coins are identified as fake. The iconography is explained. This paper is entirely independent. And should have been printed in paper, and payed by the readers. Unfortunatly, the readers want to read, but are not willing to pay. In fact, the readers find it absurd that the authors demand money for their knowlege. For that, perhaps one must be in an university, writing "credit-papers" that add absolutely nothing to any knowlege. No one reads, and we all pay.
This article was originaly published in Revista Moeda, though censored, because it didn't include... more This article was originaly published in Revista Moeda, though censored, because it didn't include the paragraphs marked in bold. It verses about a very dangerous modern falsification of an Afonso II of Portugal dinheiro, that even has a clone certified by NGC.
A review of the evolution of Portuguese numismatic studies relating to manual coinage in the 21st... more A review of the evolution of Portuguese numismatic studies relating to manual coinage in the 21st century. The text was originally published in the 50th anniversary edition of "Revista Moeda".
An inventory of the gold escudos of Afonso V of Portugal with the arms of Portugal and Castille. ... more An inventory of the gold escudos of Afonso V of Portugal with the arms of Portugal and Castille. It is mentioned in the article that the second exemplar, recently presented and sold in auction, has no provenance specified. That comes from the fact that the auction house initially didn't mentioned any provenance, though it was latter added that the coin came from the Huntington collection. We find that strange, as it was not presented in the Morton & Eden auction where the portuguese coins of the Huntington collection have been sold.
The meia dobra pé-terra of Fernando I of Portugal is a war coin, issued in the context of the Hun... more The meia dobra pé-terra of Fernando I of Portugal is a war coin, issued in the context of the Hundred Years War. In this paper we present an inventory of the known examplars. One of the coins, recently sold in auction, doesn't fit the expected patterns.
Guia para coleccionar moedas em Portugal, especialmente vocacionado para iniciantes e "xicos-expe... more Guia para coleccionar moedas em Portugal, especialmente vocacionado para iniciantes e "xicos-expertos".
This is an unfinished work that took me one and a half years of life. The subject is one of the m... more This is an unfinished work that took me one and a half years of life. The subject is one of the most controversial and debated themes by portuguese numismatists, but also by historians. For over 150 years, the iconography and purpose of these coins have been debated by some of the most brilliant scholars on these and other subjects. We believe that the text that is now presented brings elements that would certainly enthuse all those who are familiar with the subject.
An inventory of gentis and barbudas with gentil reverse, issued by king Fernando I of Portugal, i... more An inventory of gentis and barbudas with gentil reverse, issued by king Fernando I of Portugal, in the second half of the 14th century, alongside some notes about epigraphy. Fake coins are identified, as well as tooled ones.
A translation to the portuguese language of an extract from the "Court des Monnaies", dated from ... more A translation to the portuguese language of an extract from the "Court des Monnaies", dated from 1563, found online on the Bibliothèque de France portal, and presenting ilustrations of the Batenburg imitations of portuguese cruzados, also helping to define aspects related to the chronology and circulation of those coins. It is the first time this document is known in Portugal.
Complete catalogue and inventory of the 7 known Porto cruzados from the reign of Afonso V of Port... more Complete catalogue and inventory of the 7 known Porto cruzados from the reign of Afonso V of Portugal. The coin from the Bibliothèque de France collection has the same punches used by Egas Gonçalves, though not marked with the "P" letter, making it a unique exemplar of the type, and bearing the "CRUZATUS" title, used for the African conquests.
An approach to fake portuguese coins between the XIIth and XVIth centuries, with analysis to the ... more An approach to fake portuguese coins between the XIIth and XVIth centuries, with analysis to the chemical composition of some coins. The first morabitin of Sancho I, fake from the eppoch, is presented in this paper, along with some pieces from the reign of João I, and some dies of king Sebastian coins, never before published. The paper intends to be a point of start to the study of these pieces, that never deserved the proper interest from portuguese scholars or numismats.
A complete study about the coins struck by king João II of Portugal in the Porto mint. It propose... more A complete study about the coins struck by king João II of Portugal in the Porto mint. It proposes a new method, that makes use of epigraphic tables in order to compare elements and letters, defining the authors. The epigraphy of two engravers is deconstructed and analysed. As a result, there were found meios vinténs and ceitis with dies made by the Porto engravers. Also the chronology was perfected, crossing the data of the coins with documents that secure us dates of nomination of the engravers. The "justo" coin, the only known exemplar of the type in the Porto mint, is taken in consideration as an authentic coin, with dies engraved by Álvaro Egas, despite some studies that claimed it to be a 19th century falsification.
This is an article about the reais de prata of Beatriz of Portugal, struck during the 1383-85 suc... more This is an article about the reais de prata of Beatriz of Portugal, struck during the 1383-85 succession crisis. All the known coins are shown with photos, including a new coin, sold in auction in 2019. The article also signals some fake coins. The epigraphy is deconstructed and the work signals the possibility that the author of the dies was Pelegrin Del Sur, though this still is a mere hypothesis. There were made corrections to the legal weight previously considered in portuguese numismatic studies, and all points to the fact that the Beatriz reais had the same weight as the portuguese coins of João I as Regedor. Also the historic facts of the period are considered in the article.
This paper presents an analysis to the chemical composition of a tostão, struck by D. António of ... more This paper presents an analysis to the chemical composition of a tostão, struck by D. António of Portugal, during his exile on the Terceira Island. Although it is a current idea that the silver used in Portugal, after D. Afonso V's reign, was from the 11th dinheiros law (Ag. 91,6%), it is also true that a document that belonged to Antonio himself, and that is mentioned by Batalha Reis's "Numária de D. António", refers the use of a poor silver alloy. In this coin, a tostão from the 1st stricking in Angra do Heroísmo, we found a silver percentage of about 64%, that matches with the written sources mentioned above.
A medieval pied-fort struck by Fernando I of Portugal, presented in this article, is the second k... more A medieval pied-fort struck by Fernando I of Portugal, presented in this article, is the second known published medieval pied-fort in Portugal. The analysis to the chemical composition, although made with a portable equipment, using the "precious metals" standard calibration, reveals that the chemical composition of the alloy should have been the same as the one that was used in official coinage. The style of this piece, and the elements used, also point to an official source.
This is the catalogue of the coins of João I of Portugal. It is part of the book called "Numária ... more This is the catalogue of the coins of João I of Portugal. It is part of the book called "Numária do Mestre de Avis". It results from a 4 year study, witch involved the analysis of 350 coins by X Ray fluorescence.
Third version of this paper with new variants on the catalogue, a new coin analysed through x-ray... more Third version of this paper with new variants on the catalogue, a new coin analysed through x-ray fluorescence, and a new coin found in Britain.
This is the second version of this paper, with some variants added to the catalogue and some news... more This is the second version of this paper, with some variants added to the catalogue and some news on the forgery chapter.
This is a study about Afonso V's portuguese coin - The chinfrão. The study focuses on the role th... more This is a study about Afonso V's portuguese coin - The chinfrão. The study focuses on the role that the chinfrão assumed in England, where it probably circulated with a similar value as the half-groat. It also tries to explore comercial evidences that may have occured and may justify the presence of the coin in England. Some epigraphy problems are also mentioned. The metrology and chemical composition of a small number of coins is also approached. In the end there is a catalogue of these coins, with a degree of rarity defined, based on a sample of 95 chinfrões.
Moedas Marteladas Portuguesas Ilustradas em Listas e Leilões, 2022
401 Portuguese hammered coins, searched in Sotheby's lists and auctions, from 1973 to 2012, and o... more 401 Portuguese hammered coins, searched in Sotheby's lists and auctions, from 1973 to 2012, and ordered by reign and species. For each coin, a photo is shown, and the indication of the auctions in which it was offered for sale. Corrections to the previous volumes are added, as well as a complete list of sources to search for portuguese hammered coins.
Moedas Marteladas Portuguesas Ilustradas em Listas e Leilões, 2021
60 Portuguese hammered coins, searched in Hans M. F. Schulman lists and auctions, from 1956 to 19... more 60 Portuguese hammered coins, searched in Hans M. F. Schulman lists and auctions, from 1956 to 1982, and ordered by reign and species. For each coin, a photo is shown, and the indication of the auctions in which it was offered for sale. Also an addendum to the third volume of the serie is added, with 5 coins from Florange auctions between 1923 and 1924.
Moedas Marteladas Portuguesas Ilustradas em Listas e Leilões, 2021
71 Portuguese hammered coins, searched in Bourgey and Vinchon lists and auctions, from 1909 to 20... more 71 Portuguese hammered coins, searched in Bourgey and Vinchon lists and auctions, from 1909 to 2009, and ordered by reign and species. For each coin, a photo is shown, and the indication of the auctions in which it was offered for sale.
Moedas Marteladas Portuguesas Ilustradas em Listas e Leilões, 2021
63 Portuguese hammered coins, searched in Hess, Hamburger and Helbing lists and auctions, from 18... more 63 Portuguese hammered coins, searched in Hess, Hamburger and Helbing lists and auctions, from 1881 to 1994, and ordered by reign and species. For each coin, a photo is shown, and the indication of the auctions in which it was offered for sale.
Moedas Marteladas Portuguesas Ilustradas em Listas e Leilões, 2021
400 Portuguese hammered coins, searched in J. Schuman lists and auctions, from 1894 to 1980, and ... more 400 Portuguese hammered coins, searched in J. Schuman lists and auctions, from 1894 to 1980, and ordered by reign and species. For each coin, a photo is shown, and the indication of the auctions in which it was offered for sale.
This is a book about the coins of King João I of Portugal. In it, there are the results of the ch... more This is a book about the coins of King João I of Portugal. In it, there are the results of the chemical composition of over 350 coins, and weight of more than 600 coins, all acompained by color photographs and statistics. There's also a catalogue and some coin hoards. The book has 600 pages and there were 100 copies published in the first edition. Meanwhile, the catalogue is also online and, until the next edition, the book can be consulted in portuguese public libraries. Here, only the index and introduction are published.
Alfonso VIII's "dineros burgaleses" contain an ocult anagram, that had already been used in Alfon... more Alfonso VIII's "dineros burgaleses" contain an ocult anagram, that had already been used in Alfonso VI signals.
A reflection about the importance of context in the presentation of archaeological finds and thei... more A reflection about the importance of context in the presentation of archaeological finds and their importance regardless of the context. Specificities of monetary epigraphy.
A medieval document of 1159 is produced by a cleric named Egeas. The comparison between the calig... more A medieval document of 1159 is produced by a cleric named Egeas. The comparison between the caligraphy of that document and the one present in the Apocalipse do Lorvão suggests a great similarity, bringing the hypothesis of some more biographical data about the author of the Lorvão manuscripts.
Some of the portuguese medieval coinage problems are far less important than the dangers of the "... more Some of the portuguese medieval coinage problems are far less important than the dangers of the "superfakes" entering the portuguese medieval coinage. That fact should be enough to stress the importance of the civil society to the study and progress of numismatics. Instead, the climate in Portugal seems to be built up upon an "apartheid" system, that clearly separates the academic world from the contributes of civil society. And those contributes, of dedicated and independent indivdual scholars, have always been the fuel of numismatic progress. From Herculano to Oliveira Marques, just to keep a restrict list, all portuguese historians have wrote pompous words about our medieval coinage, never really understanding it. That resulted in an heritage of ignorance, perpetuated through time in the academic mentality. The study of medieval coins is a really enormous, vast and multidisciplinary work. It is always dependant, in the first place, on collecting coins, or pictures of coins, with a systematic approach.
Este texto começou por ser recusado para publicação na Revista Moeda, no mesmo número em que se f... more Este texto começou por ser recusado para publicação na Revista Moeda, no mesmo número em que se fez uma reportagem às instalações da Portuscalle Numismática. Após o que o publiquei online, sendo que imediatamente recebi telefonemas pedindo-me para o eliminar. Foi coisa a que acedi, sobretudo para não arranjar problemas a ninguém. Ainda assim, hoje, passado algum tempo sobre essa decisão, dou comigo a reflectir sobre a mesma. Que deveres me assistem na protecção do que quer que seja, que não do conhecimento que estruturei? E porque haveria eu de aceder a que outros mandassem no que escrevo ou deixo de escrever? Perdi sistematicamente o acesso a todos os canais de divulgação na numismática. Perdi esse acesso, porque mo retiraram. Resta-me este reduto. Que mo perdoem se quiserem ou conseguirem. Mas a última liberdade que nos resta, não pode nunca ser apenas a do pensamento. Que se danem os gregos. E os troianos também.
Este texto foi enviado para publicação, sendo que nos sugeriram uma versão na qual se suprimiam a... more Este texto foi enviado para publicação, sendo que nos sugeriram uma versão na qual se suprimiam alguns parágrafos. Agradecemos a sugestão, mas preferimos dá-lo a conhecer por inteiro. Debruça-se sobre dois espadins de D. João II e pretende trazer frescura, que mais não seja, à abordagem de alguns temas filosóficos e técnico-jurídicos, que têm, nem se sabe porquê, sido sucessivamente tratados pelos nossos numismatas.
Inventory of the twelve known examplars of the half tornês with the Coruna lighthouse, issued by ... more Inventory of the twelve known examplars of the half tornês with the Coruna lighthouse, issued by Fernando I of Portugal in the late fourteenth century.
The tenth known half tornês with the Corunha lighthouse, minted by Fernando of Portugal, is prese... more The tenth known half tornês with the Corunha lighthouse, minted by Fernando of Portugal, is presented in this paper, alongside some reflexions about Prof. Rui Centeno's latest published work about the subject.
Em Portugal existe uma "Nova escola da epigrafia numismática" que tem sido fundamental para o est... more Em Portugal existe uma "Nova escola da epigrafia numismática" que tem sido fundamental para o estudo rigoroso das idiosincrasias dos abridores de cunhos, e que por sua vez pode e tem conduzido a novas atribuições, em clara ruptura com tudo o que foi classicamente defendido pelos autores numismáticos da "tradição de qualidade". Esta Nova Escola gerou a entrada num novo estádio de conhecimento, sendo que todo o estudo da numismática medieval e moderna estava parado há cerca de 30 anos. Não são apenas importantes as descobertas que se fizeram desde o ano de 2016 (que são muitas), mas também as que estão por fazer e certamente ocorrerão ao abrigo destas novas metodologias. Esta nova escola surgiu num post feito no extinto fórum de numismática e notafilia, em que eu e o Pedro Borrata estudámos os lavramentos de Angra de D. António, no ano de 2016. A dada altura, eu sugeri que se fizessem tabelas epigráficas sistemáticas, com inscrição comparativa das letras. Os resultados foram estonteantes e clarividentes. E assim tudo começou. É triste perceber que, volvidos 6 anos sobre esse momento, tenha sido organizado um Congresso de Numismática que ignorou por completo todas estas novidades. E mais triste se torna por se saber que o Professor Rui Centeno, presidente da SPN e principal responsável pela organização do Congresso, leu, aturada e repetitivamente, alguns dos artigos que trouxeram novo conhecimento, nunca os tendo divulgado, nem tendo convidado os subscritores para a participação no dito Congresso. Subjugado à posição de ainda ter que pagar 75 euros para saber se os organizadores do Congresso aceitam a minha intervenção, decidi escrever poemas e ouvir os sons dos passarinhos sintetizados. Que mais há a fazer? Onde está o gato das botas, para lhe lamber os pés?
A reference to the XVIIth century french legislation, in wich we can find ilustrations of portugu... more A reference to the XVIIth century french legislation, in wich we can find ilustrations of portuguese coins, that can maybe bring some light to the organization of philipine portuguese coins.
In this paper, the dies and coins of Gorcum (Gorinchem), issued in the name of António and Sebast... more In this paper, the dies and coins of Gorcum (Gorinchem), issued in the name of António and Sebastian of Portugal, are presented, making some corrections to the work made by Pedro Batalha Reis.
A research of texts, related to Portugal, in the "Bulletin de la Société Française de Numismatiqu... more A research of texts, related to Portugal, in the "Bulletin de la Société Française de Numismatique", including articles about coins, medals and notes.
The torneses of king Dinis are the portuguese imitation of the french "gros tournois". In this pa... more The torneses of king Dinis are the portuguese imitation of the french "gros tournois". In this paper, an inventory of the 20 known exemplars of this rare type is presented, as well as a catalogue, and some notes about attribution, metrology and epigraphy.
The reliquary casket of the Alberto Sampaio Museum, where we can see the IhuS anagram, is a good ... more The reliquary casket of the Alberto Sampaio Museum, where we can see the IhuS anagram, is a good example of the likehood of association between the monetary anagrams chosen by João I of Portugal (IO, IhAS, Ih€S, IhnS) and the name of Jesus. We think that the choice was not made by accident and that it represents a will to legitimate the Avis dinasty as well as a sign of devotion to the name of Christ, preached by Saint Bernard and the franciscans.
The portuguese hammered coinage, mainly in the last years, has been haunted by the dangers of too... more The portuguese hammered coinage, mainly in the last years, has been haunted by the dangers of tooling. The correct identification of epigraphic patterns that can lead to the solution of chronological issues is in danger when leading with tooled coins. In this paper, a guide to identify traces of tooling in portuguese hammered coins is presented. Ilustrated with images, and showing "before and after" photographs of some pieces.
On August 2021, the 7th edition of the Alberto Gomes catalogue was realeased, and the justo coin,... more On August 2021, the 7th edition of the Alberto Gomes catalogue was realeased, and the justo coin, minted in Porto, during the reign of Jonh the 2nd, was added to the fake coins list. This paper reformulates some ideas about the study of the ceitis from the reign of king Manuel, using those ideas to compare the justo coin. It appears that a set of punches, of the same shape, with at least 3 measures, was used by the engraver Álvaro Egas. And one of those punches was used in the justo coin, fact that reinforces its authenticity. Mainly, because the ceitis from the reign of Manuel, minted in Porto, or at least engraved with Álvaro Egas's punches, were only discovered in 2020, making it impossible for the presumptive 19th century forger to have known this carachteristic.
This is a case study of a modern forged coin of João V, king of Portugal. A scarce half tostão. T... more This is a case study of a modern forged coin of João V, king of Portugal. A scarce half tostão. The original coins were struck during the first half of the XVIII century. This one was produced using the casting method. The work describes de most significant characteristics of the forged coin, using photographs to make it easier for the reader to learn about those characteristics.
In 2017, Professors Mário Jorge Barroca and José Manuel M. Cardia Lopes published a paper where t... more In 2017, Professors Mário Jorge Barroca and José Manuel M. Cardia Lopes published a paper where they defended the erroneous attributtion of the "E" coins of King João IV and Afonso VI to the Évora mint. Instead, based on an inedit document, they proposed that those coins where struck in Elvas. This brief consideration is made in order to clarify that no coins where struck in Elvas. Nonetheless, the publication of Professors Mário Jorge Barroca and José Manuel M. Cardia Lopes makes us realizes that, appart from the 19 mints appointed by Francisco Magro that coutermarked gold and silver coins, the phenomenon also occured in Elvas.
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Papers by Iúri Fernandes
The first morabitin of Sancho I, fake from the eppoch, is presented in this paper, along with some pieces from the reign of João I, and some dies of king Sebastian coins, never before published. The paper intends to be a point of start to the study of these pieces, that never deserved the proper interest from portuguese scholars or numismats.
Books by Iúri Fernandes
The first morabitin of Sancho I, fake from the eppoch, is presented in this paper, along with some pieces from the reign of João I, and some dies of king Sebastian coins, never before published. The paper intends to be a point of start to the study of these pieces, that never deserved the proper interest from portuguese scholars or numismats.