Research Interests: Epidemiology, Health Care, Economic Growth, Global Health, Cancer, and 15 moreFertility, Developing Countries, Health Policy, Health Administration, Education Systems, Debt, Health Information System, Competencies, Certification, Determinants of Health, Child mortality, Health Indicators, Age Groups, Fertility Rates, and Age distribution
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Forced displacement is emerging as a major development challenge in the Sahel region, and especially around the Lake Chad basin. The Sahel has recently experienced political upheaval and insecurity due to the conflict in Libya, the crises... more
Forced displacement is emerging as a major development challenge in the Sahel region, and especially around the Lake Chad basin. The Sahel has recently experienced political upheaval and insecurity due to the conflict in Libya, the crises in Mali and in Nigeria, and the spread of violent extremism across the region. This instability, which is taking place in a context of deep poverty and vulnerability, has had severe consequences for the countries involved and the populations living in the area: agro-pastoral activities, trade, and food supplies have been disrupted, new routes for the trafficking of people, drugs, and arms have opened up, state and traditional authorities have been challenged by armed groups, and thousands of people have sought refuge in neighboring countries, in particular from Mali and Nigeria to Chad and Niger. A mix of protracted and ongoing displacement situations is playing out, putting additional strain on an already volatile area. People who had to flee in t...
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Research Interests: Economics, Immigration, Health Care, Health Education, Housing, and 15 moreHealth, Human Resources, Health Policy, Feasibility Studies, Economic Policies, Income, Immigrant, Formal Education, Gynecology, Dissemination, Equilibrium, Description, Government Policies, Immigration Policies, and childhood diseases
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Research Interests: Economics, Immigration, Health Care, Health Education, Housing, and 15 moreHealth, Human Resources, Health Policy, Feasibility Studies, Economic Policies, Immigrant, Allocatio of Scarce Resources, Formal Education, Gynecology, Dissemination, Equilibrium, Description, Government Policies, Immigration Policies, and childhood diseases
This review is primarily an analytical review of the health system of Togo. As part of the restructuring of the healthcare system in Togo, this analysis of strengths and weaknesses of the current system seems necessary. This analysis of... more
This review is primarily an analytical review of the health system of Togo. As part of the restructuring of the healthcare system in Togo, this analysis of strengths and weaknesses of the current system seems necessary. This analysis of the health sector is based on data from the last survey Demographic and Health (DHS 2010-11). These data were used to measure the overall health of the population, through the analysis of indicators related to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) on health (Chapter 2). Shared data by the Ministry of Health and that of Finance, but also by the various technical and financial partners (TFPs), were used to analyze wider issues such as community practices (Chapter 3), governance (Chapter 4), care (Chapter 5), health human resources (Chapter 6), pharmaceutical policy (Chapter 7) or the health financing in Togo (Chapter 9). But this exercise was not intended to be merely analytical. It also aimed to enrich the political dialogue between, on one hand, ac...
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Mali, Chad, Niger and Guinea have some of the lowest rates of secondary school completion in the world for girls. They also have some of the highest rates of child marriage and early childbearing. While some other countries in West and... more
Mali, Chad, Niger and Guinea have some of the lowest rates of secondary school completion in the world for girls. They also have some of the highest rates of child marriage and early childbearing. While some other countries in West and Central Africa are making rapid progress toward better educational attainment for girls and fewer child marriages, progress is uneven across the four focal countries. Among them, Guinea has achieved the largest gains over the last few decades, but progress in Chad, Mali, and Niger has been slow and in some cases inexistent. Child marriage, early childbearing, and low educational attainment hinder girls’ empowerment. This Note documents trends in these areas over time as well as their impact on other development outcomes and economic costs. Finally, policies and programs that could improve outcomes for adolescent girls are discussed.
This paper introduces a simple framework for understanding the dimensions and determinants of health worker performance based on the idea that there can be three different gaps affecting performance: a knowledge gap, the... more
This paper introduces a simple framework for understanding the dimensions and determinants of health worker performance based on the idea that there can be three different gaps affecting performance: a knowledge gap, the knowledge-capacity gap and the capacity-performance gap. The paper argues that performance is determined by a combination of competence, capacity and effort, and that any of these elements may lead to poor performance, and applies this framework to the measurement of health worker performance in Tanzania. Whilst discussing and highlighting key findings related to the assessment of health worker performance in Tanzania, the overarching objective of the paper is to offer a systematic way to analyze health worker performance through primary data collection and analysis to benefit researchers and countries beyond Tanzania.
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In 1998, Senegal launched an ambitious hospital reform. More than ten years later, despite a massive injection of government funds in hospitals, many of them are now close to bankruptcy. However, this reform clearly had the effect of... more
In 1998, Senegal launched an ambitious hospital reform. More than ten years later, despite a massive injection of government funds in hospitals, many of them are now close to bankruptcy. However, this reform clearly had the effect of 'bringing back patients' to hospitals. While hospitals were largely empty (as in many Sub-Saharan African countries), the number of hospital-based outpatient visits has increased by over 20 percent every year since 2000. This increased activity also suggests that hospitals have become more attractive for patients and that the quality of care may have improved. In contrast, equity of access to hospital care (especially for the poorest) has clearly deteriorated. While the proportion of poor is estimated at nearly 51 percent of the Senegalese population, this group constitutes only 3 percent of hospital patients. Last but not least, the hospital reform has resulted in a major deterioration in the technical efficiency of the hospital system. The fir...
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The Ministry of Health, Ghana, is engaged in developing new Human Resources for Health (HRH) Strategy (2001-15); one that tries to draw on some of the evidence pertaining to the dynamics of the health labor market. This study is one of... more
The Ministry of Health, Ghana, is engaged in developing new Human Resources for Health (HRH) Strategy (2001-15); one that tries to draw on some of the evidence pertaining to the dynamics of the health labor market. This study is one of several efforts by the World Bank to support the Ministry of Health in its endeavor to develop a new evidence based HRH strategy. Using qualitative research (focus group discussions), this study carries out a microeconomic labor analysis of health worker career choice and of job behavior. The study shows how common problems related to distribution or performance of HRH are driven by the behavior of health workers themselves and are determined largely by select monetary and nonmonetary compensation. Such findings generate insights that provide a starting point for further analysis and a basis for the development of effective human resources for health policies.