Papers by boddapati venkat
Books by boddapati venkat
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted mat... more This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use.
This book is a first-level text on water chemistry that places special emphasis on the chemistry ... more This book is a first-level text on water chemistry that places special emphasis on the chemistry of natural and polluted waters and on the applied chemistry of water and wastewater treatment. It provides a comprehensive coverage of the dilute aqueous solution chemistry of acidbase reactions. complex formation, precipitation and dissolution reactions, and oxidation-reduction reactions. Although it is written primarily for students and those individuals who are currently working in environmental or sanitary engineering, much of its contents should also prove to be of value to chemists, biologists, ecologists, and geochemists. We assume that the readers will have a good background in general chemistry; additional knowledge in the fields of analytical and physical chemistry is useful but not essential. The material in the text has been satisfactorily taught to advanced undergraduates and first-level graduate students in environmental engineering with one year of elementary chemistry as a background. This book provides an integrated coverage of chemical kinetic and equilibrium principles and applies them to water chemistry in its broadest sense, that is, to natural and polluted water and to water and wastewater treatment processes. Special attention is paid to the effects of temperature and ionic strength on reactions. In the first introductory chapter, the characteristics of the various types of water of concern are presented along with a discussion of the concentration units unique to water chemistry. Chapters 2 and 3 provide the background in chemical kinetics and thermodynamics necessary for the subsequent coverage of water chemistry. If the text is to be used for teaching students with background in physical chemistry, Chapters 2 and 3 may be read for review purposes only. Chapters 4 to 6, and 7 deal, respectively, with acid-base, complexation, precipitation•dissolution, and oxidation-reduction chemistry. In each of these chapters we first present the necessary principles for understanding the systems to be encountered and then the necessary tools to solve problems; following this, we present one or more applications of the topic in the water or wastewater areas. The graphical solution of equilibrium problems is stressed throughout the book. The acid-base chemistry chapter concludes with a detailed discussion of the carbonate system. The complexation chapter deals at length with the organic and inorganic complexes of metal ions found in natural waters. Phosphate chemistry and heterogenous calcium carbonate equilibria and kinetics are presented as applications of the principles of precipitation•dissolution presented in Chapter 6. In Chapter 7, the topics of corrosion, iron chemistry, chlorine chemistry, biologically important redox reactions, and prinCiples of electrochemical measurements are presented to iIIus-viii Preface trate the importance and practical application of the principles of oxidation:reduction reactions. Numerous example problems are presented throughout the discussion as aids to the understanding of the subject matter. Many problems are presented at the end of the chapters_ The answers to these problems are given in an appendix so that readers can test their knowledge_ References to more detailed treatments of selected topics are given at the end of each chapter. The Water Chemistry Laboratory Manual by D. Jenkins, V.
who provided extra help with certain chapters. We are grateful to our colleagues at the McGraw-Hi... more who provided extra help with certain chapters. We are grateful to our colleagues at the McGraw-Hill Book Company, Kathleen Civetta, Editor; James W. Bradley, Editing Supervisor; and Charles Hess, Production Supervisor, for their pleasant cooperation and assistance in the task of preparing and publishing this book. Thanks are due also to Karen Jacques and Edna Khalil for their skillful assistance in the preparation of manuscript. In the writing of this text, each chapter has been the primary responsibility of one author. However, each of us has read and critiqued all the chapters. As previously mentioned, we have had the benefit of reviews of each chapter from several of our professional associates. In the end we take collective responsibility for the complete content of this text.
He has been at Auburn University since 1984 first as the Georgia power distinguished professor, l... more He has been at Auburn University since 1984 first as the Georgia power distinguished professor, later as the Alabama power distinguished professor, and currently as professor emeritus of electrical engineering. He also spent nine months during 1990 at the University of Tokyo as the Tokyo Electric Power Company endowed chair of electrical engineering. His teaching interests are in network analysis, control systems, and power engineering. During his teaching career, Professor Grigsby has received 13 awards for teaching excellence. These include his selection for the university-wide William E.
Preface to second edition xi Preface to first edition xv Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Generation ... more Preface to second edition xi Preface to first edition xv Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Generation and transmission of electric energy 1 1.2 Voltage stresses 3 1.3 Testing voltages 5 1.3.1 Testing with power frequency voltages 5 1.3.2 Testing with lightning impulse voltages 5 1.3.3 Testing with switching impulses 6 1.3.4 D.C. voltages 6 1.3.5 Testing with very low frequency voltage 7 References 7 Chapter 2 Generation of high voltages 8 2.1 Direct voltages 9 2.1.1 A.C. to D.C. conversion 10 2.1.2 Electrostatic generators 24 2.2 Alternating voltages 29 2.2.1 Testing transformers 32 2.2.2 Series resonant circuits 40 2.3 Impulse voltages 48 2.3.1 Impulse voltage generator circuits 52 2.3.2 Operation, design and construction of impulse generators 66 2.4 Control systems 74 References 75 Chapter 3 Measurement of high voltages 77 3.1 Peak voltage measurements by spark gaps 78 3.1.1 Sphere gaps 79 3.1.2 Reference measuring systems 91 vi Contents 3.1.3 Uniform field gaps 92 3.1.4 Rod gaps 93 3.2 Electrostatic voltmeters 94 3.3 Ammeter in series with high ohmic resistors and high ohmic resistor voltage dividers 96 3.4 Generating voltmeters and field sensors 107 3.5 The measurement of peak voltages 109 3.5.1 The Chubb-Fortescue method 110 3.5.2 Voltage dividers and passive rectifier circuits 113 3.5.3 Active peak-reading circuits 117 3.5.4 High-voltage capacitors for measuring circuits 118 3.6 Voltage dividing systems and impulse voltage measurements 129 3.6.1 Generalized voltage generation and measuring circuit 129 3.6.2 Demands upon transfer characteristics of the measuring system 132 3.6.3 Fundamentals for the computation of the measuring system 139 3.6.4 Voltage dividers 147 3.6.5 Interaction between voltage divider and its lead 163 3.6.6 The divider's low-voltage arm 171 3.7 Fast digital transient recorders for impulse measurements 175 3.7.1 Principles and historical development of transient digital recorders 176 3.7.2 Errors inherent in digital recorders 179 3.7.3 Specification of ideal A/D recorder and parameters required for h.v. impulse testing 183 3.7.4 Future trends 195 References 196 Chapter 4 Electrostatic fields and field stress control 201 4.1 Electrical field distribution and breakdown strength of insulating materials 201 4.2 Fields in homogeneous, isotropic materials 205 4.2.1 The uniform field electrode arrangement 206 4.2.2 Coaxial cylindrical and spherical fields 209 4.2.3 Sphere-to-sphere or sphere-to-plane 214 4.2.4 Two cylindrical conductors in parallel 218 4.2.5 Field distortions by conducting particles 221 4.3 Fields in multidielectric, isotropic materials 225 4.3.1 Simple configurations 227 4.3.2 Dielectric refraction 232 4.3.3 Stress control by floating screens 235 4.4 Numerical methods 241 4.4.1 Finite difference method (FDM) 242 Contents vii 4.4.2 Finite element method (FEM) 246 4.4.3 Charge simulation method (CSM) 254 4.4.4 Boundary element method 270 References 278 Chapter 5 Electrical breakdown in gases 281 5.1 Classical gas laws 281 5.1.1 Velocity distribution of a swarm of molecules 284 5.1.2 The free path of molecules and electrons 287 5.1.3 Distribution of free paths 290 5.1.
I thank Dr. S. Krishna for assisting in proof reading and the preparation of CRC. Thanks are also... more I thank Dr. S. Krishna for assisting in proof reading and the preparation of CRC. Thanks are also due to Dr. Nagesh Prabhu and Mr. Anand Kumar for their help in the preparation of the final manuscript and Mr. Kiran Kumar for the drawings. Dr. Kalyani Gopal made available the Latex style file used. I thank Mr. Saumya Gupta of New Age International Publishers for his keen interest and help in publishing this book on time. This book was catalyzed and supported by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India under its Utilization of Scientific Expertise of Retired Scientists (USERS) scheme. The DST has x FACTS Controllers in Power Transmission and Distribution also supported research schemes during the period from 1994 to 2003. The author also wishes to gratefully acknowledge the financial assistance from All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE) under the Emeritus Fellowship Scheme during the period (August 1,2003-June 30,2006). Finally, I am deeply indebted to Indian Institute of Science for permitting me to pursue academic activities as an Honorary Professor from May 2003. Last, but not the least, I thank my wife Usha for her patience and quiet support during the long hours of working on this book.
Newnes Power Engineering Series is a new series of advanced reference texts covering the core are... more Newnes Power Engineering Series is a new series of advanced reference texts covering the core areas of modern electrical power engineering, encompassing transmission and distribution, machines and drives, power electronics, and related areas of electricity generation, distribution and utilization. The series is designed for a wide audience of engineers, academics, and postgraduate students, and its focus is international, which is reflected in the editorial team. The titles in the series offer concise but rigorous coverage of essential topics within power engineering, with a special focus on areas undergoing rapid development. The series complements the long-established range of Newnes titles in power engineering, which includes the Electrical Engineer's Reference Book, first published by Newnes in 1945, and the classic J&P Transformer Book, as well as a wide selection of recent titles for professionals, students and engineers at all levels.
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Papers by boddapati venkat
Books by boddapati venkat