This article describes some maxims derived from recent theory in learning and instruction and from reflection on excellent practice, explaining and illustrating them using examples from a successful literacy training program, Reading... more
This article describes some maxims derived from recent theory in learning and instruction and from reflection on excellent practice, explaining and illustrating them using examples from a successful literacy training program, Reading Recovery. Anderson and Armbruster speculate on how the maxims could be applied to teacher education — not only to improve the training of prospective teachers, but also to improve their ability to teach others.
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A study examined th phonics instruction that five basal reader series provide from kindergarten through grade six. The five basal programs (designated as Series A through E) that were examined are both similar and dissimilar in the... more
A study examined th phonics instruction that five basal reader series provide from kindergarten through grade six. The five basal programs (designated as Series A through E) that were examined are both similar and dissimilar in the recommendations they make for phonics. One series covers as many as 129 letter-sound correspondences; another covers 87. All five series pay considerable attention to consonant sounds in their kindergarten manuals and to numerous ways to spell long vowel sounds. Two of the five series deal with blending as a means for identifying words; another uses blending to emphasize whatever sound is receiving attention. Either way, the blending is done mostly by the teacher, not the children. The other two programs, neither of which identifies sounds directly, do not refer to blending. An omission in all five series is suggestions for teaching children how to use letter-sound correspondences with flexibility. Four of the five series teach a few generalizations for d...
Polygyny as a marital system which allows a man to marry more than one wife at a time,is legally permitted in Islamic Law with the objective of sustaining proper social orderand well-being of every community. It gives opportunity to women... more
Polygyny as a marital system which allows a man to marry more than one wife at a time,is legally permitted in Islamic Law with the objective of sustaining proper social orderand well-being of every community. It gives opportunity to women who may not have thechance to enjoy the marital life if left alone. Alas, some communal challenges bedevil thisnoble arrangement in some Muslim communities. These challenges influence the thoughtof many to see polygyny as a problem rather than being a panacea. This paper examinessome of such challenges in Gombe Metropolis from the Socio-Islamic viewpoint with theaim to proffer solutions necessary for better polygynous relationship. A survey methodwas used to generate data. The paper concludes by recommending, among others, thatuntil Shari’ah provisions are adhered to, polygyny will always be abused andmisunderstood.
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The goal of this research is to clarify the development of metaphor by using structure-mapping theory to make distinctions among kinds of metaphors. In particular, it is proposed that children can understand metaphors based on shared... more
The goal of this research is to clarify the development of metaphor by using structure-mapping theory to make distinctions among kinds of metaphors. In particular, it is proposed that children can understand metaphors based on shared object attributes before those based on shared relational structure. This predicts (a) early ability to interpret metaphors based on shared attributes, (b) a developmental increase in ability to interpret metaphors based on shared relational structure, and (c) a shift from primarily attributional to primarily relational interpretations for metaphors that can be understood in either way. Two experiments were performed to test these claims. There were three kinds of metaphors, varying in whether the shared information forming the basis for the interpretation was attributional, relational, or both. In Experiment 1, children aged 5-6 and 9-10 and adults produced interpretations of the three types of metaphors. The attributionality and relationality of their...
Globally, knowledge of word meanings is related to reading comprehension. Anderson and Freebody's (1981) seminal paper on vocabulary set forth three hypotheses to explain this relationship -an instrumentalist hypothesis suggesting... more
Globally, knowledge of word meanings is related to reading comprehension. Anderson and Freebody's (1981) seminal paper on vocabulary set forth three hypotheses to explain this relationship -an instrumentalist hypothesis suggesting that knowledge of word meanings directly causes reading comprehension, and general knowledge and general aptitude hypotheses, which suggest that the relationships between vocabulary knowledge and comprehension are mediated by a person's aptitude or knowledge. These hypotheses ,:re global. This report begins with the word level, asking under what conditions an individual word will ,lisrupt or interfere with comprehension. It suggests that differences in contexts, readers, and tasks influence whether word meanings will affect comprehension. It then rses these factors to develop a framework for deciding if a word should be directly taught and, if it is to be taught, how extensively.
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Although both prior topic knowledge and vocabulary knowledge have been known to affect comprehension in general, less is known about the specifics of the interactions between these factors. Using a magazine article about a ceremony... more
Although both prior topic knowledge and vocabulary knowledge have been known to affect comprehension in general, less is known about the specifics of the interactions between these factors. Using a magazine article about a ceremony marking the retirement of a baseball player's jersey number, this study examines the effects of knowledge of baseball in general and of the career of Tom Seaver in specific and of knowledge of word meanings in general and of words used in the passage specifically on tenth graders' recall of different aspects of passage content. Vocabulary knowledge tended to affect the number of units recalled overall; prior knowledge influenced which units were recalled. Prior topic knowledge influenced whether subjects produced a gist statement in their recall and how well they recalled numbers relevant to Seaver's career. High knowledge subjects also tended to focus more on information given about his career than low knowledge subjects. Specific and general...
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Research Interests: Canadian Studies, Economics, Econometrics, Health Economics, Biology, and 15 moreHistory and Philosophy of Physics, Consciousness, Extended Mind, Anthropology of emotions, Elections, Conceptual metaphors, Consciousness Studies, Canada, Animals, Diachronic linguistics, Clinical Sciences, Biochemistry and cell biology, Emotions Social Psychology, cell metabolism, and Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
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CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): The work upon which this publication was based was supported in part by the.
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Knowledge of morphology--the ability to gain information about the meaning, pronunciation, and part of speech of new words from their prefixes, roots, and suffixes--is an important component of skilled reading. As part of a larger program... more
Knowledge of morphology--the ability to gain information about the meaning, pronunciation, and part of speech of new words from their prefixes, roots, and suffixes--is an important component of skilled reading. As part of a larger program of research on morphology, a study explored the development of students' knowledge of common English suffixes. Two aspects of knowledge about suffixes were investigated: The ability to use the suffix on a new word to determine that word's part of speech and its appropriate use in a ...