Wilma Feather

180 degree rule a screen direction rule that camera operators must follow-an imaginary line on one side of the axis of action is made (e.g., between two principal actors in a scene), and the camera must not cross over that line-otherwise, there is a distressing visual discontinuity and disorientation; similar to the axis of action (an imaginary line that separates the camera from the action before it) that should not be crossed Camera placement must adhere to the 180 degree rule 24 frames per second refers to the standard frame rate or film speed-the number of frames or images that are projected or displayed per second; in the silent era before a standard was set, many films were projected at 16 or 18 frames per second, but that rate proved to be too slow when attempting to record optical film sound tracks; aka 24fps or 24p Example: at 24 fps, 4 projected frames take 1/6 second to view 3-D a film that has a three-dimensional, stereoscopic form or appearance, giving the lifelike illusion of depth; often achieved by viewers donning special red/blue (or green) or polarized lens glasses; when 3-D images are made interactive so that users feel involved with the scene, the experience is called virtual reality; 3-D experienced a heyday in the early 1950s; aka 3D, three-D, Stereoscopic 3D, Natural Vision 3D, or three-dimensional Examples: the first major 3D feature film was Bwana Devil (1953) [the first was Power above the line usually refers to that part of a film's budget that covers the costs associated with major creative talent: the stars, the director, the producer(s) and the writer(s), although films with expensive special effects (and few stars) have more 'above the line' budget costs for technical aspects; the term's opposite is below the line abstract (form) a type of film that rejects traditional narrative in favor of using poetic form (color, motion, sound, irrational images, etc.) to convey its meaning or feeling; aka non-linear; see alsoavant-garde