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Research Interests: Medicine and Ebola Virus
Research Interests: Nursing, Long Term Care, Incidence Geometry, Medicine, Humans, and 14 moreHospital administration, Nursing Homes, Female, Male, Poisson regression, Randomised Controlled Trial, Nursing Home, Aged, Middle Aged, Randomized Controlled Trial, Adverse Event, Nursing Studies, Guidance and Counseling Intervention Programs, and Adverse effect
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Research Interests: Engineering, Hospital Infection, Medicine, Humans, Demographics, and 15 moreInfection Control, Female, Male, Gastroenteritis, Data Collection, Netherlands, Nursing Home, Clinical Sciences, Bacteremia, Bacterial infections, Elderly Care, Bronchopneumonia, Conjunctivitis, Lower Respiratory Tract Infection, and Cross Infection
Research Interests: Microbiology, Medicine, Humans, Europe, Animals, and 13 moreInfection, Male, Staphylococcus aureus, Arm, Clinical Sciences, Middle Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Swine, Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), Bites and Stings, Soft Tissue, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, and Staphylococcal infections
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Research Interests: Adolescent, Critical Care, Antibiotic Resistance, Humans, Infection Control, and 15 moreINTENSIVE CARE, Female, Clinical Sciences, Apache, Aged, Digestive Tract, Adult, Bacteremia, Gastrointestinal Tract, Controlled Clinical Trial, Hospital Mortality, Decontamination, Critical Illness, Confidence Interval, and Cross Infection
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Background. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there was shortage of the standard respiratory protective equipment (RPE). The aim of this study was to develop a procedure to test the performance of alternative RPEs used in the care of... more
Background. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there was shortage of the standard respiratory protective equipment (RPE). The aim of this study was to develop a procedure to test the performance of alternative RPEs used in the care of COVID-19 patients. Methods. A laboratory-based test was developed to compare RPEs by total inward leakage (TIL). We used a crossflow nebulizer to produce a jet spray of 1–100 µm water droplets with a fluorescent marker. The RPEs were placed on a dummy head and sprayed at distances of 30 and 60 cm. The outcome was determined as the recovery of the fluorescent marker on a membrane filter placed on the mouth of the dummy head. Results. At 30 cm, a type IIR surgical mask gave a 17.7% lower TIL compared with an FFP2 respirator. At 60 cm, this difference was similar, with a 21.7% lower TIL for the surgical mask compared to the respirator. When adding a face shield, the TIL at 30 cm was further reduced by 9.5% for the respirator and 16.6% in the case of the surg...
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Cerebrospinal fluid samples from five patients from which Candida cells were cultured were tested for the presence of mannan. Samples from four patients categorized as having proven candidosis reacted positively. Samples from the... more
Cerebrospinal fluid samples from five patients from which Candida cells were cultured were tested for the presence of mannan. Samples from four patients categorized as having proven candidosis reacted positively. Samples from the remaining patient and from patients with other central nervous system infections were negative. Detection of mannan may be valuable in the diagnosis of Candida meningitis.
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The performance of a microarray for the detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases was determined on a collection of 638 highly resistant members of the family Enterobacteriaceae collected from patients in 18 hospitals in The... more
The performance of a microarray for the detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases was determined on a collection of 638 highly resistant members of the family Enterobacteriaceae collected from patients in 18 hospitals in The Netherlands. The microarray had a significantly higher specificity than the phenotypic assays. It also detects carbapenemases and characterizes the resistance genes, providing epidemiological insight.
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Research Interests: Public Health, Comparative Study, Medicine, Prevention, Humans, and 15 moreInfection Control, Questionnaire, Ethanol, Duration, Netherlands, Hygiene, Disinfection, SOAP, Reproducibility of Results, Public Art Hospitals, Alcohols, Guideline Adherence, soaps, Medical and Health Sciences, and Cross Infection
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Resistance mechanism relatedness was studied in 18 clinical, European vanA vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Molecular analysis revealed 10 Tn 1546 -like elements, suggesting two evolutionary lineages. Lineage I dominated the European... more
Resistance mechanism relatedness was studied in 18 clinical, European vanA vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Molecular analysis revealed 10 Tn 1546 -like elements, suggesting two evolutionary lineages. Lineage I dominated the European mainland, and lineage II dominated the United Kingdom and Israel. Geographic clustering reflected different types of meat consumption between countries, since each lineage is associated with colonization of different animals.
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We retrospectively evaluated fungaemia over the period 1996 to 2001 in five university hospitals. Over 350,000 blood cultures were collected during more than 7 million days of hospitalisation. The average rate of fungaemia over the... more
We retrospectively evaluated fungaemia over the period 1996 to 2001 in five university hospitals. Over 350,000 blood cultures were collected during more than 7 million days of hospitalisation. The average rate of fungaemia over the six-year period was 0.82 per 10,000 patient days (range 0.65 to 1.21 per 10,000 patient days). The proportion of bloodstream infections caused by Candida albicans remained stable throughout the study period with a mean of 53% (range 48 to 62%). This is a change from trends described in previous studies, including a survey performed in the Netherlands. This study shows a new, stable rate of fungaemia and no further signs of increasing rate of infections due to non-albicans Candida species. Susceptibility to all tested antifungal agents remained stable throughout the study period.
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Literature on the occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitals and long-term-care facilities in various countries of America, Africa, Asia, Australia/New Zealand, and Europe is reviewed. It is concluded... more
Literature on the occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitals and long-term-care facilities in various countries of America, Africa, Asia, Australia/New Zealand, and Europe is reviewed. It is concluded that the increasing prevalence of MRSA is a worldwide problem, affecting both affluent and poor countries, and that infection control guidelines are needed in all regions affected.
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Prior to 2004, only two states, Pennsylvania and Illinois, had enacted legislation requiring healthcare facilities to collect nosocomial or healthcare-associated infection (HAI) data intended for public disclosure. In 2004, two additional... more
Prior to 2004, only two states, Pennsylvania and Illinois, had enacted legislation requiring healthcare facilities to collect nosocomial or healthcare-associated infection (HAI) data intended for public disclosure. In 2004, two additional states, Missouri and Florida, passed disclosure laws. Currently, several other states are considering similar legislation. In California, Senate Bill 1487 requiring hospitals to collect HAI data and report them to the Office of Statewide Health Planning was passed by the legislature, but was not signed into law by Governor Schwarzenegger, effectively vetoing it. The impetus for these laws is complex. Support comes from consumer advocates, who argue that the public has the right to be informed, and from others who view HAI as preventable and hope that public disclosure would provide an incentive to healthcare providers and institutions to improve their care.
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Research Interests: Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Humans, Infectious Disease, Female, and 15 moreMale, Bacteria, Cohort Study, Incidence, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Prevalence, Middle Aged, Electrophoresis, Genotype, Gel, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, Confidence Interval, Cohort Studies, and Nosocomial infection
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Currently, about 180 hospitals participate in the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system. From January 1980 through April 1990, 27,200 fungal isolates causing nosocomial infections were reported from these hospitals;... more
Currently, about 180 hospitals participate in the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system. From January 1980 through April 1990, 27,200 fungal isolates causing nosocomial infections were reported from these hospitals; Candida species accounted for 19,621 (72.1%) of these isolates. Immunocompromised patients are at particularly high risk for candidemia. In patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, treatment with vancomycin and/or imipenem appears to be an independent risk factor for candidemia; colonization of stool by Candida species may be another important predisposing factor in these patients. Rapid detection of invasive candidemia in these high-risk patients is particularly important to the improvement of rates of survival. Methods for rapid detection, such as the measurement of mannan (the major cell-wall polysaccharide of Candida), may be useful for diagnosing invasive candidiasis and for monitoring the response of this infection to antifungal therapy. Further studies of risk factors and the development of new methods for rapid diagnosis and monitoring should help decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with nosocomial fungal infections.
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Research Interests: Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Humans, Infectious Disease, Female, and 15 moreMale, Bacteria, Cohort Study, Incidence, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Prevalence, Middle Aged, Electrophoresis, Genotype, Gel, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, Confidence Interval, Cohort Studies, and Nosocomial infection
Three hundred and twenty-two (322) clinical isolates were collected from patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) at eight Swedish hospitals between December 1996 and December 1998. Of the isolates, 244 (76%) were Enterococcus... more
Three hundred and twenty-two (322) clinical isolates were collected from patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) at eight Swedish hospitals between December 1996 and December 1998. Of the isolates, 244 (76%) were Enterococcus faecalis, 74 (23%) were ...