The 4Kscore® Test (BioReference Laboratories, Elmwood Park, NJ) is a blood test that accurately d... more The 4Kscore® Test (BioReference Laboratories, Elmwood Park, NJ) is a blood test that accurately determines the risk of aggressive prostate cancer and significantly reduces prostate biopsies and associated overdiagnosis and overtreatment of indolent cancer. A budget impact model was developed to test the hypothesis that the 4Kscore Test can improve quality of care and deliver cost savings for patients who are suspected of having prostate cancer and would otherwise undergo prostate biopsy under the current standard of care (SOC) in the United States. The direct costs (diagnosis plus treatment) utilized in the model are based on Medicare payment data and were calculated over a 1-year time horizon. The model compares SOC, in which all patients have prostate biopsy, to a "4Kscore strategy," in which the 4Kscore Test is used to guide the decision to biopsy the prostate. A set of one-way sensitivity analyses was conducted to examine the robustness of the findings. Savings of more...
Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E, 2016
The objective of this analysis was to determine the value (incremental cost/increment benefit) of... more The objective of this analysis was to determine the value (incremental cost/increment benefit) of a brain LITT system versus employing current surgical options recommended by NCCN guidelines, specifically open resection (i.e. craniotomy) methods or biopsy (collectively termed CURRENT TREATMENTS) in patients where maximal safe resection may not be feasible. As has been demonstrated in the literature, extent of resection/ablation with minimal complications are independently related to overall survival. A cost effectiveness analysis from a societal perspective was employed using TreeAge Pro 2014 software. Direct costs (using national average Medicare reimbursement amounts), outcomes (overall survival), and value [defined as increment cost/incremental survival-evaluated as cost/life year gained (LYG)] were evaluated. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to determine which variables had the largest effect on incremental costs and outcomes. In the base case, the overall survival was im...
Background and objectives:The use of laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) under magnetic res... more Background and objectives:The use of laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) under magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance has been reported on in the literature in close to 16,000 patients with various forms of malignant and benign neoplasms. This includes studies with over 7600 patients with malignant head and neck cancer; over 250 with malignant (and refractory to other therapies) head and neck cancer; over 6600 with liver cancer; and over 1100 with benign neoplasms. As well, LITT under MRI guidance has been studied in malignant (and refractory to other therapies) lung and breast cancers with close to 300 cases reported on in the literature. To date, the sum total experience of LITT with or without MRI guidance in treating brain neoplasms has not been reported on. It is the intention of this review to do so.Methods:A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to identify all studies where one or more patients were treated with LITT with or without MRI guidance (LITT±M...
Current diagnostic testing for prostate cancer results in numerous unnecessary biopsy procedures ... more Current diagnostic testing for prostate cancer results in numerous unnecessary biopsy procedures and creates a substantial financial burden. A statistical prediction model for prostate cancer has been developed, based on four Kallikrein markers in blood. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the aggregated results from published studies of the Kallikrein Panel. Literature searches to identify relevant studies were conducted. A meta-analysis of the results was performed using inverse variance, mean difference with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). The results of the meta-analysis were used to assess the Kallikrein Panel's effect on healthcare costs. The Kallikrein Panel has been evaluated in more than 8,500 patients (2,780 with prostate cancer and 598 with high grade prostate cancer). Meta-analysis demonstrates a statistically significant improvement of 8-10% in predictive accuracy. In addition, 48% to 56% of current prostate biopsies could be avoided. Use ...
Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a polysaccharide common to most species and is found in many sites in the... more Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a polysaccharide common to most species and is found in many sites in the human body, including the skin and soft tissue. A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis was performed to identify randomized controlled trials, evaluating the use of HA derivatives in healing burns, epithelial surgical, and chronic wounds. Nine studies were identified, which met the search criteria and clinical endpoints of complete healing and percent wound size reduction when using HA vs. either an active or passive comparator. It was found in the vast majority of randomized controlled trials (eight of nine) that HA derivatives significantly improved the healing of wounds vs. traditional therapies or placebo (either via complete healing or a significant reduction in wound size) occurring from burns, venous insufficiency, diabetes, neuropathic insufficiency, and surgical removal of the epithelial layer (for tattoo removal). In the other remaining trial, one formulation ...
The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds, 2011
Ultrasound as a therapeutic agent in chronic wound healing has been studied extensively. This sys... more Ultrasound as a therapeutic agent in chronic wound healing has been studied extensively. This systematic review and meta-analysis specifically examines low-frequency (20-30 kHz) ultrasound delivered at either low or high intensity. The objective of this review was to determine whether low-frequency ultrasound used as an adjunctive therapy improves the outcomes of complete healing and reduction of size of chronic lower limb wounds. PubMed, Cochrane/CENTRAL, technical assessment, relevant wound-related journals, and clinical guidelines were searched along with contacting manufacturers and authors of relevant randomized controlled trials were completed. Searches focused on the use of low-frequency ultrasound in randomized controlled trials. Data were collected via a data collection form and was adjudicated independently via coauthors. Meta-analyses and heterogeneity checks were performed using Mantel–Haenszel and inverse variance (fixed and random effects) statistical methods on studie...
Intraosseous (IO) vascular access is a viable primary alternative in patients requiring emergent ... more Intraosseous (IO) vascular access is a viable primary alternative in patients requiring emergent vascular access in the hospital emergency department (ED) (eg, resuscitation, shock/septic shock) but is underutilized. This review has 3 objectives: (1) review the evidence supporting the use of IO access; (2) determine the utilization of IO access as described in the literature; and (3) assess the level of specialty society support. Electronic and hand searches were undertaken to identify relevant articles. English-language-only articles were identified. The Cochrane Review methodology along with data forms were used to collect and review data. The evidence evaluation process of the international consensus on emergency cardiovascular care was used to assess the evidence. Studies were combined where meta-analyses could be performed. In levels 2 to 5 studies, IO access performed better versus alternative access methods on the end points of time to access and successful access. Complicati...
Supplementary Material - HERD_Table_8_03-07-17-included_studies - Private Rooms in Low Acuity Set... more Supplementary Material - HERD_Table_8_03-07-17-included_studies - Private Rooms in Low Acuity Settings: A Systematic Review of the Literature by Jeffrey Voigt, Michael Mosier, and Rabih Darouiche in HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal
Infection rates in primary (first-time) major joint arthroplasty continue to be a significant iss... more Infection rates in primary (first-time) major joint arthroplasty continue to be a significant issue. The effect of antibiotic and antiseptic prophylaxis on outcomes for this type of surgery has not been adequately reviewed. A systematic search of the main databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating antibiotics and antiseptics was conducted to evaluate the predetermined endpoints of infection, adverse events, costs, quality of life, and concentration levels of antibiotics. A meta-analysis using pooled effect estimates and fixed-effect and random-effect models of risk ratios (RR), calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI), was utilized. Thirty (30) RCTs examined the effects of antibiotic and antiseptic prophylaxis on infections after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) (total of 11,597 participants) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) (total of 6,141 participants). For THA, preoperative systemic intravenous (i.v.) antibiotic prophylaxis may be effective in reducing the incidence of infection after THA from 6 months to >5 years. For TKA, there is no RCT evidence that antibiotics and/or antiseptics have any effect on infection rate. Preoperative systemic antibiotic prophylaxis in primary THA may be effective at reducing infection rate. There is no evidence that timing, route of administration, or concentration levels have an effect on reducing infections, adverse events, or costs in THA or TKA. Many of the trials included in this study were published in the 1980s and 1990s. Thus, it would be important to replicate a number of them based on current patient demographics and incidence of bacterial resistance.
Background The objective of this Markov model lifetime cost-effectiveness analysis was to evaluat... more Background The objective of this Markov model lifetime cost-effectiveness analysis was to evaluate a new medical device technology which minimizes redo colonoscopies on the outcomes of cost, quality of life, and aversion of colorectal cancers (CRC). Methods A new technology (PureVu® System) which cleans inadequately prepped colons was evaluated using TreeAge 2019 software in patients who presented with inadequate prep in outpatient settings in the US. PureVu was compared to the standard of care (SOC). Peer reviewed literature was used to identify the CRC incidence cancers based on missing polyps. Costs for procedures were derived from 2019 Medicare and from estimated private payer reimbursements. Base case costs, sensitivity analysis and incremental cost effectiveness (ICE) were evaluated. The cost of PureVu was $750. Results Assuming a national average compliance rate of 60% for colonoscopy, the use of PureVu saved the healthcare system $833–$992/patient depending upon the insurer ...
HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal, 2017
Objectives: Determine if the peer-reviewed evidence supports single-patient ward bedrooms in low-... more Objectives: Determine if the peer-reviewed evidence supports single-patient ward bedrooms in low-acuity care settings within a hospital. Background: New evidence exists since the 2006 Facility Guideline Institute guideline recommended single-bedded rooms (SBRs) in low-acuity care settings. Additionally, prior studies evaluated high-acuity care settings (e.g., critical care) in their recommendations on SBRs. There is a need to reevaluate the evidence. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was completed including electronic and hand searches of references. A data extraction form was utilized. Two reviewers evaluated the studies independently. Studies that were included examined the effect of single-patient rooms on medical surgical ward beds only. Each study was graded using accepted clinical evidence grading instruments. Results: Over 1,400 records were identified. After excluding studies, a total of 49 records were graded. The highest quality evidence identified (Center for...
Hundreds of thousands of surgical arthroscopy procedures are performed annually in the United Sta... more Hundreds of thousands of surgical arthroscopy procedures are performed annually in the United States (US) based on MRI findings. There are situations where these MRI findings are equivocal or indeterminate and because of this clinicians commonly perform the arthroscopy in order not to miss pathology. Recently, a less invasive needle arthroscopy system has been introduced that is commonly performed in the physician office setting and that may help improve the accuracy of diagnostic findings. This in turn may prevent unnecessary follow-on arthroscopy procedures from being performed. The purpose of this analysis is to determine whether the in-office diagnostic needle arthroscopy system can provide cost savings by reducing unnecessary follow on arthroscopy procedures. Data obtained from a recent trial and from a systematic review were used in comparing the accuracy of MRI and VisionScope needle arthroscopy (VSI) with standard arthroscopy (gold standard). The resultant false positive and...
The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether in office diagnostic needle arthroscopy (Vi... more The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether in office diagnostic needle arthroscopy (Visionscope Imaging System [VSI]) can provide for improved diagnostic assessment and; more cost effective care. Data on arthroscopy procedures in the US for deep seated pathology in the knee and shoulder were used (Calendar Year 2012). These procedures represent approximately 25-30% of all arthroscopic procedures performed annually. Sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive, and negative predictive values for MRI analysis of this deep seated pathology from systematic reviews and meta-analyses were used in assessing for false positive and false negative MRI findings. The costs of performing diagnostic and surgical arthroscopy procedures (using 2013 Medicare reimbursement amounts); costs associated with false negative findings; and the costs for treating associated complications arising from diagnostic and therapeutic arthroscopy procedures were then assessed. In patients presenting ...
The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, Jan 5, 2011
The cost of the implant as part of a total knee arthroplasty accounts for a substantial portion o... more The cost of the implant as part of a total knee arthroplasty accounts for a substantial portion of the costs for the overall procedure: all-polyethylene tibial components cost considerably less than cemented metal-backed tibial components. We performed a systematic review of the literature to determine whether the clinical results of lower-cost all-polyethylene tibial components were comparable with the results of a more expensive metal-backed tibial component. We searched The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO CINAHL, the bibliographies of identified articles, orthopaedic meeting abstracts, health technology assessment web sites, and important orthopaedic journals. This search was performed for the years 1990 to the present. No language restriction was applied. We restricted our search to Level-I studies involving participants who received either an all-polyethylene or a metal-backed tibial implant. The primary outcome measures were durability, function, and adverse events. T...
The 4Kscore® Test (BioReference Laboratories, Elmwood Park, NJ) is a blood test that accurately d... more The 4Kscore® Test (BioReference Laboratories, Elmwood Park, NJ) is a blood test that accurately determines the risk of aggressive prostate cancer and significantly reduces prostate biopsies and associated overdiagnosis and overtreatment of indolent cancer. A budget impact model was developed to test the hypothesis that the 4Kscore Test can improve quality of care and deliver cost savings for patients who are suspected of having prostate cancer and would otherwise undergo prostate biopsy under the current standard of care (SOC) in the United States. The direct costs (diagnosis plus treatment) utilized in the model are based on Medicare payment data and were calculated over a 1-year time horizon. The model compares SOC, in which all patients have prostate biopsy, to a "4Kscore strategy," in which the 4Kscore Test is used to guide the decision to biopsy the prostate. A set of one-way sensitivity analyses was conducted to examine the robustness of the findings. Savings of more...
Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E, 2016
The objective of this analysis was to determine the value (incremental cost/increment benefit) of... more The objective of this analysis was to determine the value (incremental cost/increment benefit) of a brain LITT system versus employing current surgical options recommended by NCCN guidelines, specifically open resection (i.e. craniotomy) methods or biopsy (collectively termed CURRENT TREATMENTS) in patients where maximal safe resection may not be feasible. As has been demonstrated in the literature, extent of resection/ablation with minimal complications are independently related to overall survival. A cost effectiveness analysis from a societal perspective was employed using TreeAge Pro 2014 software. Direct costs (using national average Medicare reimbursement amounts), outcomes (overall survival), and value [defined as increment cost/incremental survival-evaluated as cost/life year gained (LYG)] were evaluated. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to determine which variables had the largest effect on incremental costs and outcomes. In the base case, the overall survival was im...
Background and objectives:The use of laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) under magnetic res... more Background and objectives:The use of laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) under magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance has been reported on in the literature in close to 16,000 patients with various forms of malignant and benign neoplasms. This includes studies with over 7600 patients with malignant head and neck cancer; over 250 with malignant (and refractory to other therapies) head and neck cancer; over 6600 with liver cancer; and over 1100 with benign neoplasms. As well, LITT under MRI guidance has been studied in malignant (and refractory to other therapies) lung and breast cancers with close to 300 cases reported on in the literature. To date, the sum total experience of LITT with or without MRI guidance in treating brain neoplasms has not been reported on. It is the intention of this review to do so.Methods:A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to identify all studies where one or more patients were treated with LITT with or without MRI guidance (LITT±M...
Current diagnostic testing for prostate cancer results in numerous unnecessary biopsy procedures ... more Current diagnostic testing for prostate cancer results in numerous unnecessary biopsy procedures and creates a substantial financial burden. A statistical prediction model for prostate cancer has been developed, based on four Kallikrein markers in blood. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the aggregated results from published studies of the Kallikrein Panel. Literature searches to identify relevant studies were conducted. A meta-analysis of the results was performed using inverse variance, mean difference with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). The results of the meta-analysis were used to assess the Kallikrein Panel's effect on healthcare costs. The Kallikrein Panel has been evaluated in more than 8,500 patients (2,780 with prostate cancer and 598 with high grade prostate cancer). Meta-analysis demonstrates a statistically significant improvement of 8-10% in predictive accuracy. In addition, 48% to 56% of current prostate biopsies could be avoided. Use ...
Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a polysaccharide common to most species and is found in many sites in the... more Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a polysaccharide common to most species and is found in many sites in the human body, including the skin and soft tissue. A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis was performed to identify randomized controlled trials, evaluating the use of HA derivatives in healing burns, epithelial surgical, and chronic wounds. Nine studies were identified, which met the search criteria and clinical endpoints of complete healing and percent wound size reduction when using HA vs. either an active or passive comparator. It was found in the vast majority of randomized controlled trials (eight of nine) that HA derivatives significantly improved the healing of wounds vs. traditional therapies or placebo (either via complete healing or a significant reduction in wound size) occurring from burns, venous insufficiency, diabetes, neuropathic insufficiency, and surgical removal of the epithelial layer (for tattoo removal). In the other remaining trial, one formulation ...
The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds, 2011
Ultrasound as a therapeutic agent in chronic wound healing has been studied extensively. This sys... more Ultrasound as a therapeutic agent in chronic wound healing has been studied extensively. This systematic review and meta-analysis specifically examines low-frequency (20-30 kHz) ultrasound delivered at either low or high intensity. The objective of this review was to determine whether low-frequency ultrasound used as an adjunctive therapy improves the outcomes of complete healing and reduction of size of chronic lower limb wounds. PubMed, Cochrane/CENTRAL, technical assessment, relevant wound-related journals, and clinical guidelines were searched along with contacting manufacturers and authors of relevant randomized controlled trials were completed. Searches focused on the use of low-frequency ultrasound in randomized controlled trials. Data were collected via a data collection form and was adjudicated independently via coauthors. Meta-analyses and heterogeneity checks were performed using Mantel–Haenszel and inverse variance (fixed and random effects) statistical methods on studie...
Intraosseous (IO) vascular access is a viable primary alternative in patients requiring emergent ... more Intraosseous (IO) vascular access is a viable primary alternative in patients requiring emergent vascular access in the hospital emergency department (ED) (eg, resuscitation, shock/septic shock) but is underutilized. This review has 3 objectives: (1) review the evidence supporting the use of IO access; (2) determine the utilization of IO access as described in the literature; and (3) assess the level of specialty society support. Electronic and hand searches were undertaken to identify relevant articles. English-language-only articles were identified. The Cochrane Review methodology along with data forms were used to collect and review data. The evidence evaluation process of the international consensus on emergency cardiovascular care was used to assess the evidence. Studies were combined where meta-analyses could be performed. In levels 2 to 5 studies, IO access performed better versus alternative access methods on the end points of time to access and successful access. Complicati...
Supplementary Material - HERD_Table_8_03-07-17-included_studies - Private Rooms in Low Acuity Set... more Supplementary Material - HERD_Table_8_03-07-17-included_studies - Private Rooms in Low Acuity Settings: A Systematic Review of the Literature by Jeffrey Voigt, Michael Mosier, and Rabih Darouiche in HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal
Infection rates in primary (first-time) major joint arthroplasty continue to be a significant iss... more Infection rates in primary (first-time) major joint arthroplasty continue to be a significant issue. The effect of antibiotic and antiseptic prophylaxis on outcomes for this type of surgery has not been adequately reviewed. A systematic search of the main databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating antibiotics and antiseptics was conducted to evaluate the predetermined endpoints of infection, adverse events, costs, quality of life, and concentration levels of antibiotics. A meta-analysis using pooled effect estimates and fixed-effect and random-effect models of risk ratios (RR), calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI), was utilized. Thirty (30) RCTs examined the effects of antibiotic and antiseptic prophylaxis on infections after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) (total of 11,597 participants) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) (total of 6,141 participants). For THA, preoperative systemic intravenous (i.v.) antibiotic prophylaxis may be effective in reducing the incidence of infection after THA from 6 months to >5 years. For TKA, there is no RCT evidence that antibiotics and/or antiseptics have any effect on infection rate. Preoperative systemic antibiotic prophylaxis in primary THA may be effective at reducing infection rate. There is no evidence that timing, route of administration, or concentration levels have an effect on reducing infections, adverse events, or costs in THA or TKA. Many of the trials included in this study were published in the 1980s and 1990s. Thus, it would be important to replicate a number of them based on current patient demographics and incidence of bacterial resistance.
Background The objective of this Markov model lifetime cost-effectiveness analysis was to evaluat... more Background The objective of this Markov model lifetime cost-effectiveness analysis was to evaluate a new medical device technology which minimizes redo colonoscopies on the outcomes of cost, quality of life, and aversion of colorectal cancers (CRC). Methods A new technology (PureVu® System) which cleans inadequately prepped colons was evaluated using TreeAge 2019 software in patients who presented with inadequate prep in outpatient settings in the US. PureVu was compared to the standard of care (SOC). Peer reviewed literature was used to identify the CRC incidence cancers based on missing polyps. Costs for procedures were derived from 2019 Medicare and from estimated private payer reimbursements. Base case costs, sensitivity analysis and incremental cost effectiveness (ICE) were evaluated. The cost of PureVu was $750. Results Assuming a national average compliance rate of 60% for colonoscopy, the use of PureVu saved the healthcare system $833–$992/patient depending upon the insurer ...
HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal, 2017
Objectives: Determine if the peer-reviewed evidence supports single-patient ward bedrooms in low-... more Objectives: Determine if the peer-reviewed evidence supports single-patient ward bedrooms in low-acuity care settings within a hospital. Background: New evidence exists since the 2006 Facility Guideline Institute guideline recommended single-bedded rooms (SBRs) in low-acuity care settings. Additionally, prior studies evaluated high-acuity care settings (e.g., critical care) in their recommendations on SBRs. There is a need to reevaluate the evidence. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was completed including electronic and hand searches of references. A data extraction form was utilized. Two reviewers evaluated the studies independently. Studies that were included examined the effect of single-patient rooms on medical surgical ward beds only. Each study was graded using accepted clinical evidence grading instruments. Results: Over 1,400 records were identified. After excluding studies, a total of 49 records were graded. The highest quality evidence identified (Center for...
Hundreds of thousands of surgical arthroscopy procedures are performed annually in the United Sta... more Hundreds of thousands of surgical arthroscopy procedures are performed annually in the United States (US) based on MRI findings. There are situations where these MRI findings are equivocal or indeterminate and because of this clinicians commonly perform the arthroscopy in order not to miss pathology. Recently, a less invasive needle arthroscopy system has been introduced that is commonly performed in the physician office setting and that may help improve the accuracy of diagnostic findings. This in turn may prevent unnecessary follow-on arthroscopy procedures from being performed. The purpose of this analysis is to determine whether the in-office diagnostic needle arthroscopy system can provide cost savings by reducing unnecessary follow on arthroscopy procedures. Data obtained from a recent trial and from a systematic review were used in comparing the accuracy of MRI and VisionScope needle arthroscopy (VSI) with standard arthroscopy (gold standard). The resultant false positive and...
The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether in office diagnostic needle arthroscopy (Vi... more The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether in office diagnostic needle arthroscopy (Visionscope Imaging System [VSI]) can provide for improved diagnostic assessment and; more cost effective care. Data on arthroscopy procedures in the US for deep seated pathology in the knee and shoulder were used (Calendar Year 2012). These procedures represent approximately 25-30% of all arthroscopic procedures performed annually. Sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive, and negative predictive values for MRI analysis of this deep seated pathology from systematic reviews and meta-analyses were used in assessing for false positive and false negative MRI findings. The costs of performing diagnostic and surgical arthroscopy procedures (using 2013 Medicare reimbursement amounts); costs associated with false negative findings; and the costs for treating associated complications arising from diagnostic and therapeutic arthroscopy procedures were then assessed. In patients presenting ...
The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, Jan 5, 2011
The cost of the implant as part of a total knee arthroplasty accounts for a substantial portion o... more The cost of the implant as part of a total knee arthroplasty accounts for a substantial portion of the costs for the overall procedure: all-polyethylene tibial components cost considerably less than cemented metal-backed tibial components. We performed a systematic review of the literature to determine whether the clinical results of lower-cost all-polyethylene tibial components were comparable with the results of a more expensive metal-backed tibial component. We searched The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO CINAHL, the bibliographies of identified articles, orthopaedic meeting abstracts, health technology assessment web sites, and important orthopaedic journals. This search was performed for the years 1990 to the present. No language restriction was applied. We restricted our search to Level-I studies involving participants who received either an all-polyethylene or a metal-backed tibial implant. The primary outcome measures were durability, function, and adverse events. T...
Uploads
Papers