Зборнік IV навукова-практычнай канферэнцыі маладых даследчыкаў Інстытута гісторыі НАН Беларусі «ARS LONGA: НАВУКОВЫЯ ДАСЯГНЕННІ І ПЕРСПЕКТЫВЫ» Мінск, 21 мая 2020 г. / Інстытут гісторыі НАН РБ; пад рэд. Т. Даўгач, С. Ліневіча, К. Сыцько, Г. Ясковіч. – Мінск, 2021. – C. 154–158., 2021
Разглядаюцца дзве круглыя арнаментаваныя бляхі з умбонападобным выступам культуры смаленска полац... more Разглядаюцца дзве круглыя арнаментаваныя бляхі з умбонападобным выступам культуры смаленска полацкіх доўгіх курганоў, якія захоўваюцца ў Мядзельскім музеі народнай славы. Абставіны іх выяўлення і пападання ў фонды музея невядомыя. Бляхі маюць выключна цікавую кампазіцыю арнаментальнага дэкору. Датуюцца шырокім прамежкам часу ад сярэдзіны VIII да Х стст.
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The article discusses materials from the excavations of Naŭry ІІ necropolis (Miadziel district, Minsk region), carried out in 2019 by V. Tarasevich and M. Plavinski. As a result of the work carried out, six objects were recorded, some of which are recognized as cremation burials in the pits, and a new barrow (barrow 13) was revealed, the study of which was completed in 2020. Thus, the necropolis consists of barrows with cremation burials and flat cremations. In the functioning of the necropolis two cultural and chronological horizons can be distinguished: barrows date back to the third quarter of the 1st millennium AD and correlate with the bearers of the Bancaraŭščyna culture / Pskov long barrows culture; in turn, flat cremation burials can be attributed to the culture of SmalenskPolack long barrows and at the moment are dated within the wide boundaries of its existence: the 8th century – early – first half of the 11th century.
The article presents the analysis of grave inventory discovered in the course of excavation of burial 2 in barrow 7 of the Pahošča cemetery, Braslau district, Viciebsk region. Barrow 7, excavated in 2007, contained two inhumation burials. Both of them are simultaneous and dated back to the beginning of the 11th century AD. Rich inventory accompanied female burial 2. It included headdress (a headband and bracelet-shaped temple-rings), neck (a neck ring, a string of glass beads, and a necklace of spirals, chain-holders, and bells) and arm (a volute finger-ring) ornaments.
The article is devoted to the history of studying, as well as to the analysis of how deeply women’s metal attire (suit) of Smolensk-Polotsk long barrows culture is studied, which is usually identified with the Krivichs from annalistic chronicles. The author analyzed a number of scientific publications, on the basis of which it was concluded that a focused study of this issue had begun in the 1960s. In the studies of women’s jewellery attire of the Krivichs three periods can be distinguished. The initial period (1960s – early 1990s) is characterized by a gradual departure from the perception of women’s attire of “the culture of long barrows” only as a source of research. Attire became the subject of re- search. The second period (1990s – 2017) is characterized by studying of women’s attire in terms of the Culture of Smolensk-Polotsk Long Barrows (SPLBK) on purpose. At that time, fairly detailed typologies of particular elements of the SPLBK women’s attire appeared. Since 2017 the third period has begun (2017 – present). It is determined based on discovery of moundless burials of the KSPDK in which new “atypical” women’s jewellery is found. It makes researchers rethink the tradition of a funeral rite and specific elements of the Krivichi women’s attire E.A. Schmidt, V.V. Sedov, V.V. Enukov, V.S. Nefyodov are among the main researchers. As a result of multiple years research, things that act as “cultural markers” were identified. Typologies and a chronology of individual elements of women’s metal attire were suggested: temple rings, head ornaments, holders. It has been established that in the study of women’s jewelry attire SPLBK the “micro-regional approach” prevails: typologies of inventory are predominantly based on materials from Smolensk part of the cultural area. Thus, there is a ‘gap’ between Russian and Belarusian researchers in how deeply women’s metal attire is studied. In Belarus, the study of its local characteristics and chronology has just begun.
In national archeological science there are almost no examples of scientific reconstructions of the attire of the bearers of archeological cultures of the second half of the I - the beginning of the II millennium BC, who practiced cremation as a funeral rite. This can be explained by the difficulty of their creation primarily due to the lack of informative sources. However, today such reconstructions can be carried out if a number of important methodological aspects is taken into consideration. This helps to develop special methods of working with cremation burial materials and to include them in the general range of sources, which allow restoring the ancient attire objectively.
The place and role of individual elements of the women's dress of the Belorussian Dvina are comprehended in solving the problematic issues that existed among the first archaeological researchers during the second half of the 19th century. This period in the development of Belarusian archeology can be called "landowner" when representatives of the wealthy strata of the population were engaged in research. It was they who laid the foundation for the accumulation of materials for the reconstruction of the women's dress of the population of the Belorussian Dvina in the second half of the 8th - early 11th centuries It turned out that researchers of the second half of the XIX century. drew attention to individual elements of the female system and used them as ethnocultural markers, indicators of trade relations, as a source for the study of techniques and technologies of jewelry craftsmanship, and chronological indicators.
The article discusses materials from the excavations of Naŭry ІІ necropolis (Miadziel district, Minsk region), carried out in 2019 by V. Tarasevich and M. Plavinski. As a result of the work carried out, six objects were recorded, some of which are recognized as cremation burials in the pits, and a new barrow (barrow 13) was revealed, the study of which was completed in 2020. Thus, the necropolis consists of barrows with cremation burials and flat cremations. In the functioning of the necropolis two cultural and chronological horizons can be distinguished: barrows date back to the third quarter of the 1st millennium AD and correlate with the bearers of the Bancaraŭščyna culture / Pskov long barrows culture; in turn, flat cremation burials can be attributed to the culture of SmalenskPolack long barrows and at the moment are dated within the wide boundaries of its existence: the 8th century – early – first half of the 11th century.
The article presents the analysis of grave inventory discovered in the course of excavation of burial 2 in barrow 7 of the Pahošča cemetery, Braslau district, Viciebsk region. Barrow 7, excavated in 2007, contained two inhumation burials. Both of them are simultaneous and dated back to the beginning of the 11th century AD. Rich inventory accompanied female burial 2. It included headdress (a headband and bracelet-shaped temple-rings), neck (a neck ring, a string of glass beads, and a necklace of spirals, chain-holders, and bells) and arm (a volute finger-ring) ornaments.
The article is devoted to the history of studying, as well as to the analysis of how deeply women’s metal attire (suit) of Smolensk-Polotsk long barrows culture is studied, which is usually identified with the Krivichs from annalistic chronicles. The author analyzed a number of scientific publications, on the basis of which it was concluded that a focused study of this issue had begun in the 1960s. In the studies of women’s jewellery attire of the Krivichs three periods can be distinguished. The initial period (1960s – early 1990s) is characterized by a gradual departure from the perception of women’s attire of “the culture of long barrows” only as a source of research. Attire became the subject of re- search. The second period (1990s – 2017) is characterized by studying of women’s attire in terms of the Culture of Smolensk-Polotsk Long Barrows (SPLBK) on purpose. At that time, fairly detailed typologies of particular elements of the SPLBK women’s attire appeared. Since 2017 the third period has begun (2017 – present). It is determined based on discovery of moundless burials of the KSPDK in which new “atypical” women’s jewellery is found. It makes researchers rethink the tradition of a funeral rite and specific elements of the Krivichi women’s attire E.A. Schmidt, V.V. Sedov, V.V. Enukov, V.S. Nefyodov are among the main researchers. As a result of multiple years research, things that act as “cultural markers” were identified. Typologies and a chronology of individual elements of women’s metal attire were suggested: temple rings, head ornaments, holders. It has been established that in the study of women’s jewelry attire SPLBK the “micro-regional approach” prevails: typologies of inventory are predominantly based on materials from Smolensk part of the cultural area. Thus, there is a ‘gap’ between Russian and Belarusian researchers in how deeply women’s metal attire is studied. In Belarus, the study of its local characteristics and chronology has just begun.
In national archeological science there are almost no examples of scientific reconstructions of the attire of the bearers of archeological cultures of the second half of the I - the beginning of the II millennium BC, who practiced cremation as a funeral rite. This can be explained by the difficulty of their creation primarily due to the lack of informative sources. However, today such reconstructions can be carried out if a number of important methodological aspects is taken into consideration. This helps to develop special methods of working with cremation burial materials and to include them in the general range of sources, which allow restoring the ancient attire objectively.
The place and role of individual elements of the women's dress of the Belorussian Dvina are comprehended in solving the problematic issues that existed among the first archaeological researchers during the second half of the 19th century. This period in the development of Belarusian archeology can be called "landowner" when representatives of the wealthy strata of the population were engaged in research. It was they who laid the foundation for the accumulation of materials for the reconstruction of the women's dress of the population of the Belorussian Dvina in the second half of the 8th - early 11th centuries It turned out that researchers of the second half of the XIX century. drew attention to individual elements of the female system and used them as ethnocultural markers, indicators of trade relations, as a source for the study of techniques and technologies of jewelry craftsmanship, and chronological indicators.
У выданні прадстаўлены фотаздымкі, якія адлюстроўваюць гісторыю станаўлення і развіцця беларускай археалогіі ў 1920–1930-я гг. Аснову выдання складаюць матэрыялы, што знаходзяцца ў калекцыях Нацыянальнага гістарычнага музея Рэспублікі Беларусь, Брэсцкага абласнога краязнаўчага музея, Інстытута гісторыі НАН Беларусі, фондах Нацыянальнага архіва Рэспублікі Беларусь. Многія з іх публікуюцца ўпершыню. Унікальныя фатаграфічныя дакументы знаёмяць чытача з асабістым і прафесійным жыццём даследчыкаў, якія стаялі ля вытокаў айчыннай археалагічнай навукі. Прапанаваная кніга дазваляе паглядзець і на вывучаныя ў міжваенны час помнікі археалогіі – гістарычную спадчыну, якая толькі часткова захавалася да нашых дзён. Выданне адрасавана археолагам, гісторыкам, краязнаўцам, музейным супрацоўнікам і ўсім, хто цікавіцца гісторыяй Беларусі.